Delivery during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support of pregnant woman with severe respiratory distress syndrome caused by influenza: a case report and review of the literature

Objective: To report a case of labour induction during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support in a patient with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by influenza and review of the literature.

Methods: Case report and the literature search of all English articles on delivery while on ECMO in patients with ARDS caused by influenza.

Results: A 25-year-old pregnant woman was initiated with ECMO due to severe ARDS caused by influenza A (H1N1) virus. When the patient had symptoms of colporrhagia and uterine contractions, the medical team decided to start labour induction while on ECMO. There were in total five case reports identified. Maternal oxygenation was improved after delivery and ECMO was successfully discontinued.

Conclusions: Maternal oxygenation was improved after delivery, which may be beneficial to reduce the duration of ECMO. Caesarean section (CS) may be the most used mode and labour induction could be another option. The procedure should be performed by an experienced ECMO team, cooperating with the obstetrician, anaesthesiologist, and ICU doctors.     

High-resolution optical coherence tomography as a non-destructive monitoring tool for the engineering of skin equivalents

BACKGROUND: Three dimensional skin equivalents are widely used in dermatopharmacological and toxicological studies and as autologous transplants in wound healing. In pharmacology, there is tremendous need for monitoring the response of engineered skin equivalents to external treatment. Transplantation of skin equivalents for wound healing requires careful verification of their quality prior to transplantation. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-contact, non-destructive imaging technique for living tissues offering the potential to fulfill these needs. This work presents an analysis of OCT for high-resolution monitoring of skin equivalents at different stages during the culture process. METHODS: We developed a high-resolution OCT imaging setup based on a commercially available OCT system. A broadband femtosecond laser light source replaces the original superluminescence diode. Tomograms of living skin equivalents were recorded with an axial resolution of 3 mum and correlated with histology and immunofluorescence images. Comparison with standard low-resolution OCT is presented to emphasize the advantages of high-resolution OCT for this application. RESULTS: OCT is particularly able to distinguish between different layers of skin equivalents including stratum corneum, epidermal and dermal layer as well as the basement membrane zone. The high-resolution OCT scans correlate closely with two key benchmarks, histology and immunofluorescence imaging. CONCLUSIONS: This study clearly demonstrates the benefits of high-resolution OCT for identifying living tissue structure and morphology. Compared with the current gold standard histology, OCT offers non-destructive tissue imaging, enabling high-resolution evaluation of living tissue morphology and structure as it evolves.     

复方碘酊消毒液中和剂试验研究

复方碘酊消毒液是含有20 g/L碘和1 g/L三氯羟基二苯醚的酒精溶液,为选择出合适的中和剂,采用化学中和法的悬液定量试验和滤膜冲洗及中和剂加滤膜冲洗法进行了试验研究。结果,硫代硫酸钠、硫代乙醇酸钠、吐温80、卵磷脂及其复方中和剂经悬液定量试验法和滤膜冲洗法,均不能中和复方碘酊消毒液对试验菌的残留作用。采用中和剂加滤膜冲洗法证明,用含5000 mg/L硫代硫酸钠+5000 mg/L吐温80+2000 mg/L硫代乙醇酸钠的磷酸盐缓冲液作为中和剂,均可有效去除复方碘酊消毒液对试验菌的残留作用;各中和剂及其中和产物对试验菌及培养基无不良影响。结论,选择复方碘酊消毒液的中和剂,不适宜用悬液定量试验法;宜采用滤膜过滤冲洗法。     

57例胎膜早破的临床分析

目的探讨胎膜早破与剖宫产及母儿并发症的关系。方法对本院2004年~2005年分娩的898例产妇资料进行回顾性分析,其中胎膜早破组57例,对照组(胎膜未破)841例,对两组进行总体成数假设检验。结果胎膜早破组羊膜腔感染率、早产率、子宫内膜炎发生率均较对照组显著升高(P<0.01),但剖宫产率、新生儿成活率、产后出血率两组间无显著差异(P>0.01)。结论胎膜早破与羊膜腔感染综合征、早产、子宫内膜炎成因果关系,与剖宫产、新生儿成活、产后出血无必然的因果关系。故及时应用抗生素,适时促胎肺成熟,适时终止妊娠,合理选择分娩方式,可以使胎膜早破者不会提高剖宫产率、产后出血率、新生儿死亡率,但对于胎膜早破者需及时、有效、合理选择广谱抗生素,降低羊膜腔感染和子宫内膜炎发生率,降低早产率。     

人精子体外氧化损伤对线粒体tRNA~(LeuUUR)基因的影响

目的:探讨活性氧(ROS)对人类精子线粒体tRNALeuUUR基因的氧化损伤。方法:采用Percoll梯度离心法筛选具有正常生理功能的精子,作为正常精子模型,并分为损伤组20例和对照组20例,分别加入次黄嘌呤-黄嘌呤氧化酶体系或不予处理,37℃有氧环境中孵育60min。分别提取精子DNA,以Fpg酶切损伤碱基并采用接头介导PCR(LM-PCR)检测线粒体tRNALeuUUR基因的氧化损伤。采用Rhodamine(Rh123)荧光探针标记精子,通过流式细胞仪检测线粒体膜电位,观察精子的功能。结果:与对照组相比,损伤组精子孵育后线粒体膜电位明显降低[(116.27±11.72)%vs(64.00±4.88)%,P<0.05]。Fpg酶切和LM-PCR显示精子线粒体tRNALeuUUR基因损伤。结论:ROS可能通过对精子线粒体tRNALeuUUR基因氧化损伤而影响精子功能(线粒体膜电位明显降低),从而引起不育。     

rhIL-1Ra对恒河猴肾脏毒性的病理组织学观察

目的 观察重组人白介素-1受体拮抗剂(rhIL-1Ra)的毒性靶器官及毒性的严重程度.方法 32只成年恒河猴分为rhIL-1Ra 2mg/(kg·d)(n=6)、10mg/(kg·d)(n=6)和50mg/(kg·d)(n=6)连续给药90天组,10mg/(kg·d)(n=4)连续给药30天组,正常对照组(n=5)和溶剂对照组(n=5).rhIL-1Ra为皮下注射给药,每日1次.观察指标包括一般药物反应、尿八项、心电图、眼底检查、外周血细胞计数及白细胞分类、凝血时间、血清生化、外周血T细胞亚群和猴抗rhIL-1Ra抗体测定、脏器重量和脏器系数、常规病理组织学检查.结果 给药后30天各给药组动物血清非特异性抗体明显升高.rhIL-1Ra 2mg/(kg·d)组其他检测指标均未见明显地改变.rhIL-1Ra 10mg/(kg·d)组给药后90天肾小球毛细血管基底膜明显增厚,但此剂量给药时间为30天时未见任何异常.rhIL-1Ra 50mg/(kg·d)组肾小球及肾小管中蛋白性液体量多,小球毛细血管基底膜增厚更为严重,且停药30天后基底膜增厚程度仍未见明显减轻或改善.结论 rhIL-1Ra的主要毒性靶器官为肾脏,2mg/(kg·d)为安全剂量,10mg/(kg·d)给药30天时为安全剂量,给药90天为恒河猴中毒性剂量,而50mg/(kg·d)为明显的毒性反应剂量,可产生难以恢复的肾脏纤维化.     

Design of an intravenous oxygenator

The aim of this study was to design a new intravenous blood–gas exchange device and to estimate the design characteristics of the device with a dimensionless function by using a substance that can be used instead of bovine blood. In addition, the characteristics of oxygen transfer were estimated using empirical formulas and the reliability of the equations was ascertained by comparing their output with an experiment performed using bovine blood. The dimensionless function was derived using distilled water and bovine blood to estimate the oxygen transfer rate. Using the derived equations, the calculated oxygen transfer rates for bovine blood and distilled water were similar for Reynolds numbers ranging from 0.7 to 7.0. Therefore, it is possible to estimate the oxygen transfer rate in bovine blood, which is a non-Newtonian fluid, using distilled water, which is a Newtonian fluid. Moreover, it was possible to verify the related equations because the oxygen transfer rate could be estimated using the derived equations, according to the diameters of the various device modules.     

Adsorption of Human Recombinant Erythropoietin on Dialysis Membranes In Vitro

Abstract: The adsorptive characteristics of 5 dialysis membranes for recombinant human erythropoietin (EPO) were studied in vitro in a closed circuit system. For 120 min, EPO added with bovine serum was significantly adsorbed by polymethylmetacrylate (PMMA) and polyacry–lonitrile (PAN) membranes but not by Cuprophan, ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVAL), or polysulfone (PS) membranes. In addition the EPO adsorptive rate, as well as that of β₂–microglobulin (β₂–MG), was greater with a PMMA membrane than with a PAN membrane. EPO was not detected in the ultrafiltrate at 15 min with 5 membranes. These results indicate that EPO was eliminated by membrane adsorption only with some dialysis membranes.     

碱性成纤维细胞生长因子对慢性鼓膜穿孔愈合的影响

目的 :探讨碱性成纤维细胞生长因子 (bFGF)在慢性鼓膜穿孔愈合中的作用。方法 :在豚鼠慢性创伤性鼓膜穿孔的动物模型上 ,观察应用bFGF 磷酸缓冲液 (2 5 0mg/L)治疗的鼓膜愈合率 ,用组织学检查鼓膜中层厚度 ,并与仅用磷酸缓冲液 (PBS)处理的作对照。结果 :bFGF治疗组鼓膜愈合率明显高于PBS组 (89.3%vs 37.5 % ,P <0 .0 1) ;鼓膜中层厚度bFGF组显著高于PBS组 [(30 5± 37) μmvs (10 2± 2 1) μm ,P <0 .0 1]。结论 :局部应用bFGF有明显促进慢性鼓膜穿孔鼓膜中层厚度及上皮细胞增生 ,促进鼓膜愈合的作用。     

Characterization of gp 50, a major glycoprotein present in rat brain synaptic membranes, with a monoclonal antibody

Several cell lines secreting monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) against a major forebrain synaptic membrane (SM) glycoprotein, gp 50, have been raised. Western blots show that the Mabs react with a polypeptide doublet of Mrs 49 and 45 kDa. These polypeptides exist solely in a concanavalin A (Con A) binding form. Removal of the Con A receptors by digestion with endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H (endo H) lowers the Mrs of the glycoprotein doublet to 36.5 and 34 kDa. Western blots of 2D polyacrylamide gels indicate that gp 50 exists in several isoforms. Solid phase radioimmunoassay (RIA) and Western blots of brain subcellular fractions show the antigenic material to be concentrated in the SM fraction, but to be present in much lower amounts in synaptic junctions and postsynaptic densities. Gp 50 appears to be brain specific. Regional distribution studies show that it is present in all brain regions but is two-fold concentrated in cerebellum, brainstem and midbrain compared to forebrain. Immunocytochemical studies of several brain regions show that gp 50-like immunoreactivity is neuron specific and is concentrated in selected neuronal species, particularly granule cells. In both cerebellar and hippocampal granule cells gp 50-like immunoreactivity is localized in the perikarya and primary dendrites. Though immunocytochemistry did not show staining of synaptic regions this may be due to masking of the reactive epitope. The results are discussed in terms of the molecular properties of gp 50 and its subcellular localization in brain tissue.