间接磁共振膝关节腔内造影诊断膝关节半月板撕裂的价值

目的:通过比较临床检查、常规磁共振检查(MRI)、间接磁共振膝关节腔内造影检查(间接MRA)和膝关节镜术中所见,探讨间接MRA用于膝关节半月板撕裂诊断中的价值.材料和方法:本次研究中我们共收集125例曾行膝关节镜手术患者,全部患者都经过详细的病史采集和体格检查,其中57例患者术前行MRI检查,其中21例患者做MRI检查后立即做间接MRA,以膝关节镜为金标准,对各种检查发现进行互相比较.结果:①临床检查:敏感性75.47%、特异性69.44%、准确性72.00%.②MRI检查:敏感性82.86%、特异性54.55%、准确性71.93%.③间接MRA检查:敏感性100%、特异性90.00%、准确性95.23%.结论:间接MRA在诊断膝关节半月板撕裂方面具有很高的敏感性、特异性和准确性.     

Air embolism as a complication of hip arthrography

As an aid to correctly placing the needle tip within the hip joint during arthrography, injection of small amounts of air has been used to outline the joint space. Over a period of seven years, air embolus has been noted in three pediatric patients, twice with minor symptoms, and once with cardiac arrest.Even small amounts of air (less than 5 cc) injected accidentally intravenously may cause dangerous complications in small infants. If this technique is to be used, it is recommended that small amounts of carbon dioxide or oxygen be used instead of air.     

Case Report: Loosening of Total Knee Prosthesis Demonstrated by Digital Subtraction Arthrography

Digital subtraction arthrography was utilised to demonstrate loosening of both femoral and tibial components in a total knee arthroplasty.     

The place of arthrography for component loosening and hip aspiration for diagnosis of infection

Summary The aim of that study was to evaluate the place of arthrography for component loosening and of hip aspiration for diagnosing infection. 52 arthrograms were done under local anesthesia in radiology suites under fluoroscopic guidance. If no fluid was aspirated a non bacteriostatic saline solution was injected and reaspirated. Liquid was then analized. Component loosening was evaluated by plain films and by arthrography and compared to the surgical findings in all cases. The sensitivity of arthrography (94.5%) was better than that of plain films (83%) for evaluating socket loosening, but was worse (77%vs 92%) for femoral component evaluation. They were no false positive evaluations in socket loosening, but false negatives occurred in 2 cases with supporting material such as screws and plates. Results for femoral loosening are more difficult to analyse. The sensitivity (77%) and the specificity (81%) of arthrography are lower than plain films (92% and 88%). Most authors consider that the femoral component is loose when more than one third of the stem has a lucent line. 4 patients had such findings and were operated on. In each case the stem was found to be stable at operation. We removed the stem in two cases and left it in place in two old patients. We simply cleaned the granuloma from the proximal part of the femur. It means that arthrography did not really fail to make the diagnosis. But surgical procedures in case of incomplete radiolucent lines are not mandatory and depend on the individual surgeon's philosophy. Sensitivity of hip aspiration to identify periprosthetic germ was 66% and a specificity was 100%. No false positives were found. Only one patient over 41 without any sign of active infection had a positive hip aspiration. This test is not sensitive enough to be a prerequiste test before total hip revision but has to be done in cases of clinical or suspected sepsis.     

Les troubles engendrés par les anomalies synoviales du genou

Résumé Les pratiquants de l'arthroscopie ont remis à la mode cette anomalie anatomique connue depuis bien longtemps. Ces découvertes fortuites expliquent cependant rarement la symptomatologie qui a amené le patient à consulter: ici au contraire sont présentées 30 observations de dérangement interne du genou dont la cause vérifiée est une anomalie synoviale.En trois ans cette étiologie a été trouvée sur 14% des genoux venus pour un syndrome de chondropathie rotulienne ou une lésion supposée du ménisque interne.L'étude des corrélations entre le type d'anomalie synoviale, la lésion cartilagineuse ainsi que les symptômes permet de mieux identifier ce syndrome de dérangement interne du genou.

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Problems secondary to abnormalities of the knee

Summary This paper presents 30 cases in which problems related to internal derangement of the knee were found on arthroscopy to be due to abnormalities of the synovium. These patients were seen over a period of three years and represented 14% of those whose symptoms were thought to be due to chondromalacia patellae or damage to the medial meniscus. Correlation of the symptoms produced with the synovial abnormality allows the syndrome to be defined and identified.

     

MRI T2 mapping sequence concordance with CT-arthrography for knee cartilaginous lesions in traumatic and degenerative lesions

Objective

To assess the concordance of MRI T2 mapping sequence with CT-arthrography for traumatic and degenerative chondral lesions.

Subjects and methods

Fifteen consecutive patients were included prospectively from September 2011 to April 2012. They referred for CT-arthrography examination for degenerative or traumatic knee pain and had also knee 3 T MRI with T2 mapping sequences. CT-arthrography was used as benchmark diagnostic test for chondral lesion, read in a consensual way by two senior musculo-skeletal radiologists. The same, blinded to CT-arthrography results, independently reviewed standard and T2 Mapping MRI sequences and rated number of hyaline cartilage lesions, and their grade according to the International Cartilage Research Society Score (ICRS) in each anatomical compartment. Size and T2 value of the largest lesion was measured. We used Mac Nemar test to assess concordance between MRI and CT-arthrography findings, a regression model to compare CT-arthrography ICRS classification to T2 values, and Wilcoxon test for inter-reader agreement.

Results

Because of artifact and loss to follow-up, 11 patients were finally included. Concordance of T2 mapping MRI with CT-arthrography for reader 1 and reader 2 were respectively 90% and 80% in medial compartment, 50% and 70% in lateral compartment, 90% and 70% in anterior compartment. There was no significant correlation between CT-arthrography ICRS classification and T2 values (P > 0.06). No significant differences between reader 1 and reader 2 were observed when evaluating the prevalence of knee lesions (P = 0.25 for the medial compartment, P = 0.62 for the lateral compartment and P = 1 for the anterior zone).

Conclusion

T2 mapping is a reproducible imaging technique, with a good concordance to CT-arthrography for detection and size of chondral lesions, with no correlation between CT-arthrography ICRS grade and T2 values.     

1.5 T磁共振关节造影关节囊面积测量及标准化比率在肩关节多向不稳定诊断中的应用价值

目的：利用1.5 T MR关节造影,分析探讨关节囊面积测量及标准化比率在诊断肩关节多向不稳定中的临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析我院2009年1月至2013年2月123例行肩关节造影患者的MR关节造影图像,符合要求47例,其中多向不稳定组10例,对照组（无肩关节不稳定病史）37例,重点观察肩关节纤维囊前下和后下方向上的面积、关节囊总面积、盂唇和盂肱关节骨结构。由两名医师分别独立测量两组病例的关节囊总面积、前下和后下关节囊的面积,计算关节囊标准化比率,并依据关节囊前部附着部位对关节囊进行分型。结果 MR 肩关节造影能清晰显示关节囊的大小和完整性,关节囊前部的附着部位以及关节囊、盂唇的解剖变异。多向不稳定组的关节囊总面积[多向不稳定组（14.76±1.88）cm2,对照组（9.84±2.95）cm2,P＜0.001],前下关节囊面积[多向不稳定组（4.36±1.16）cm2,对照组（2.61±1.18）cm2,P＝0.001],后下关节囊面积[多向不稳定组（4.55±1.19）cm2,对照组（3.13±1.33）cm2,P＝0.004]与对照组比较均明显增大;而关节囊标准化比率同样有统计学差异（多向不稳定组2.12±0.37,对照组1.42±0.43,P＜0.001）。结论关节囊总面积、前下、后下关节囊的面积以及关节囊标准化比率与对照组比较均有统计学差异,提示关节囊面积测量对诊断肩关节多方位不稳具有重要的临床意义和实用价值。同时关节囊标准化比率的提出能更精确的提示临床诊断,避免了因性别、个体差异所致误差。     

Digital subtraction arthrography and arthrofluoroscopic dynamic observations on TMJ dysfunction syndrome

Digital subtraction arthrography and arthrofluoroscopic dynamic observation were performed for seventy cases with TMJ dysfunction syndrome. A comparative study between the findings of digital subtraction arthrography and the operative findings was carried out for eleven cases who underwent surgery. It has been found that digital subtraction arthrography can overcome the disadvantages of conventional arthrography and has important diagnostic value for TMJ dysfunction syndrome, especially for disc perforation. In addition. The procedure of digital subtraction arthrography, the normal and abnormal manifestations of digital subtraction arthrograms were described in the present study.     

Evaluation of the postoperative meniscus of the knee: a study comparing conventional arthrography, conventional MR imaging, MR arthrography with iodinated contrast material, and MR arthrography with gadolinium-based contrast material

Objective. To compare four imaging methods in the evaluation of the postoperative meniscus: conventional arthrography, conventional MR imaging, MR arthrography with iodinated contrast material, and MR arthrography with gadolinium-based contrast material. Design and patients. Thirty-three patients referred for knee MR examinations with a history of meniscal surgery were studied prospectively. At the first patient visit, conventional MR examination was followed by an MR arthrogram with gadolinium-based contrast material. At the second visit, a conventional arthrogram with iodinated contrast material was followed immediately by an MR examination. Imaging examinations were interpreted by a masked reader, and then compared with the results of repeat arthroscopic surgery in 12 patients. Results. The correct evaluation of the status of postoperative menisci was allowed in 12 of 13 patients (92%) by MR arthrography using gadolinium-based contrast agent, 10 of 13 patients (77%) by conventional MR examination, 9 of 12 patients (75%) by MR arthrography, and 7 of 12 patients (58%) by conventional arthrography. Conclusion. Intra-articular fluid is advantageous in the evaluation of patients with a suspected meniscal retear. MR arthrography with gadolinium-based contrast material is the most accurate imaging method for the diagnosis of meniscal retears. Received: 7 April 1999 Revision requested: 26 May 1999 Revision received: 17 June 1999 Accepted: 18 June 1999