Retrospective comparison of autogenous cosotochondral graft and coronoid process graft in the management of unilateral ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint in adults

We retrospectively compared the clinical outcomes of autogenous coronoid process grafts (n = 32) and costochondral grafts (n = 28) in condylar reconstruction for the treatment of unilateral ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in adults. Preoperative and postoperative assessments included diet scores, cone-beam computed tomography (CT), maximal interincisal opening, lateral excursion, and mandibular deviation on opening the mouth. There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in the measurements before and after the operation with respect to incisal opening, lateral excursion, mandibular deviation, diet scores, or recurrence rate, but in both the postoperative incisal opening, lateral excursion, and diet scores had improved significantly compared with preoperatively. After costochondral graft 3 patients developed intraoperative plural tears, and 6 had temporary pain at the donor site. The frontal branch of the facial nerve was temporarily affected in 5 patients after costochondral graft and 3 after coronoid process grafts, all of which recovered in 3–6 months. There was no recurrence after coronoid process grafting, and one after costochondral grafting. The clinical outcomes in both groups were satisfactory and comparable. Autogenous coronoid process grafting may therefore be a good alternative for condylar reconstruction in patients with ankylosis of the TMJ.     

Is dermis fat arthroplasty better than plain gap arthroplasty? A prospective randomised controlled trial

The aim of the study was to compare interpositional arthroplasty using a dermis fat graft with gap arthroplasty in the management of ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). We organised a prospective randomised study of 22 patients who presented with ankylosis of the TMJ. They were randomised to be treated with either plain gap arthroplasty or dermis fat arthroplasty, and the predictor variable was the method of treatment. The primary outcome variables were mouth opening and pain on jaw exercises. Pain and interincisal opening were measured on day 5, day 14, at the end of one month, and at six months, one year, two years, and three years. There was a significant difference between the two groups on two occasions: postoperative day 5 (p = 0.013) and at one year (p = 0.018). The mean (SD) scores for mouth-opening were higher in the dermis fat group at all times (41.20 (4.69) mm compared with 39.50 (2.46) mm in gap arthroplasty at two years, and 41.40 (3.60) mm compared with 38.9 (2.02) mm at three years). The visual analogue pain scores were also lower in the dermis fat graft group. The groups showed similar results at the end of three years follow up, with no significant difference in mouth opening. We conclude therefore that the two techniques have similar outcomes in the management of ankylosis of the TMJ.     

关节盘复位在创伤性颞下颌关节强直治疗中的作用

目的　探讨创伤性颞下颌关节强直关节成形术中关节盘复位的手术方法及其临床效果。方法　 19例创伤性颞下颌关节强直患者接受关节成形术时进行了关节盘复位。术中在关节附近寻找分离出移位的关节盘并将其复位至髁突顶端的解剖位置 ,最后将关节盘的外侧端缝合固定至颧弓根部的软组织。结果　平均随访 2 3 7个月 ,患者的张口度为 2 4～ 4 3mm (平均为 32 6mm) ,所有的患者张口度均接近或达到正常 ,无关节疼痛及弹响症状 ,随访期内无一例患者复发。结论　在创伤性颞下颌关节强直的治疗中 ,关节盘复位可行有效 ,是重建关节结构、恢复关节功能和预防复发的好方法。     

山羊颞下颌关节强直病理模型的建立

目的：建立山羊颞下颌关节强直病理模型,以进一步探讨颞下颌关节强直的病因。方法：取山羊9只,随机等分为3组。分别采用破坏关节表面软骨、破坏关节表面软骨＋去除关节盘、破坏关节表面软骨＋去除关节盘＋关节腔内植骨3种不同手段制作模型。术后3个月后观察颞下颌关节强直的形成情况。结果：关节软骨破坏＋去除关节盘组全部发生强直;保留关节盘者无一例发生强直;植骨组仅2只山羊发生关节黏连。强直者,光镜下表现为髁突与关节窝间类骨质形成;未强直者。光镜下表现为关节表面破坏。结论：去除关节盘＋关节软骨破坏形成的TMJ强直,具有可重复性、短期内发生以及良好的相似性,接近人类病变发生的过程．是一种较好的制作颞下颌关节强直模型方法。     

肱尺关节成形术治疗肘关节强直的临床疗效观察

目的 探讨肱尺关节成形术治疗肘关节强直的临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析2012年10月至2015年10月我院采用肱尺关节成形术治疗创伤性肘关节强直的病人23例,其中男15例,女8例;年龄为29~56岁,平均为41.4岁,骨关节炎按Kellgren-Lawrence分级系统为Ⅱ级6例、Ⅲ级17例。术后镇痛、患肢石膏托外固定3 d后拆除并开始功能锻炼。记录术前、术后肘关节最大屈曲、伸直角度及屈伸活动范围,采用Mayo肘关节功能评分系统及疼痛视觉模拟量表（visual analogue scale, VAS）评估治疗效果。结果 本组病人患侧肘关节的骨性异常均得到有效清除;病人肘关节屈曲角度、伸直角度、屈伸活动范围均得到了明显改善,屈伸活动范围由术前的32.39°±9.75°（14例≤30°、9例为31°~60°）提高至术后的120.87°±11.04°（23例病人的屈伸活动度均＞90°）,差异有统计学意义（t=28.090,P＜0.001）;病人术后的肘关节Mayo功能评分为（85.00±10.22）分,优良率为91.3%,显著优于术前的数值,差异有统计学意义（t=8.930,P＜0.001）;术后随着随访时间的延长,VAS评分值持续下降,术后各时间点的数值与术前评分比较,差异均具有统计学意义（P均＜0.001）。结论 肱尺关节成形术治疗创伤性肘关节强直的临床疗效可靠、安全,肘关节功能恢复良好。     

Clinical outcome after traumatic spinal fractures in patients with ankylosing spinal disorders compared with control patients

Background contextThe clinical outcome of patients with ankylosing spinal disorders (ASDs) sustaining a spinal fracture has been described to be worse compared with the general trauma population.PurposeTo investigate clinical outcome (neurologic deficits, complications, and mortality) after spinal injury in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) compared with control patients.Study designRetrospective cohort study.Patient sampleAll patients older than 50 years and admitted with a traumatic spinal fracture to the Emergency Department of the University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands, a regional level-1 trauma center and tertiary referral spine center.Outcome measuresData on comorbidity (Charlson comorbidity score), mechanism of trauma, fracture characteristics, neurologic deficit, complications, and in-hospital mortality were collected from medical records.MethodsWith logistic regression analysis, the association between the presence of an ASD and mortality was investigated in relation to other known risk factors for mortality.ResultsA total of 165 patients met the inclusion criteria; 14 patients were diagnosed with AS (8.5%), 40 patients had DISH (24.2%), and 111 patients were control patients (67.3%). Ankylosing spinal disorder patients were approximately five years older than control patients and predominantly of male gender. The Charlson comorbidity score did not significantly differ among the groups, but Type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity were more prevalent among DISH patients. In many AS and DISH cases, fractures resulted from low-energy trauma and showed a hyperextension configuration. Patients with AS and DISH were frequently admitted with a neurologic deficit (57.1% and 30.0%, respectively) compared with controls (12.6%; p=.002), which did not improve in the majority of cases. In AS and DISH patients, complication and mortality rates were significantly higher than in controls. Logistic regression analysis showed the parameters age and presence of DISH to be independently, statistically significantly related to mortality.ConclusionsMany patients with AS and DISH showed unstable (hyperextension) fracture configurations and neurologic deficits. Complication and mortality rates were higher in patients with ASD compared with control patients. Increasing age and presence of DISH are predictors of mortality after a spinal fracture.     

Unusual appearances following intracapsular neck of femur fractures

Purpose

The aim of the study was to investigate the possible outcomes of intracapsular femoral neck fractures managed non-operatively or with a simple form of internal fixation.

Methods

We reviewed 30 fractures and their post mortem reports from the Galler collection, a modern pathology reference series.

Results

Our investigation revealed unusual appearances of the hip following femoral neck fractures that are not usually seen in modern orthopaedic practice, including previously undescribed acetabularisation of the femur and ankyloses of ununited femoral heads.

Conclusion

Appreciation of these appearances and an understanding of how these fractures may progress are important in the current diagnosis and management of delayed presentations, neglected or inadequately fixed subcapital fractures of the femoral neck.     

三维手术模拟辅助自体喙突移植再造髁突关节成形术

目的研究计算机三维手术模拟系统在利用自体喙突移植再造双侧颞下颌关节强直患者髁突关节成形术中的应用及其临床效果。方法对2007~2009年我院收治的8位双侧颞下颌关节骨性强直患者,利用Surgicase CMF软件行术前设计和三维手术模拟并行相关测量。在相关数据的指导下行双侧强直块切除术、自体喙突游离移植再造髁突。术后行临床检查,放射检查等对骨瓣愈合情况和颞下颌关节功能进行评价。结果术后患者获得良好的开口度与咬合关系。曲面体层X线片示,所有患者的移植喙突位于关节窝内,愈合良好;喙突有一定吸收,但未引起咬合的明显改变。随访期间未有复发患者,无其它明显并发症。结论在自体喙突移植再造双侧颞下颌关节强直患者髁突成形术中应用计算机辅助三维手术模拟系统可以使得手术更加精确和方便,提高了患者的满意度。     

全身(远处)感染致颞下颌关节强直:1例报告及文献复习

颞下颌关节强直可由创伤、感染、退行性变及间隙缺损导致。其中以局部感染多见,而全身感染则罕见。本文报道1例因全身远处感染导致双侧颞下颌关节强直的患者,该35岁女性患者因开口困难近20年就诊,并于20年前出现包括颞下颌关节区的全身多处脓肿,CT显示髁突与颞骨融合。采用双侧颞下颌关节截除术及人工关节置换术治疗,术后3个月开口度达2.5 cm,患者获得了满意的进食及语言功能。