运动学习学科中关于运动技能分类的理论阐释

本文综述了关于运动技能分类的几种观点,将从运动学习的学科视角将运动技能的分类及其意义进行了系统阐述.     

基于斜抛运动学方程的运动技术分析

通过对“固定初始高度和远度的初始速度角度问题”和“固定初始高度和速度的远度角度问题”的斜抛运动过程进行分析，以篮球的定点投篮和跳远的起跳技术为例，得到了“选择一个最合理的出手速度，在相当大的出手角度范围内命中入篮得分”和“追求更大起跳角度才是训练的重点”等结论，为教学和训练提供了基于理论分析的训练方针。     

人体运动信息及其在国内科学训练中的应用

本文论述了人体运动信息的构成,获得途径及其在国内科学训练中的指导作用。     

Influencing factors and current situation of parametric design of knee prosthesis北大核心

BACKGROUND: Parametric design of knee prosthesis is an effective method to reduce the loss of prosthesis and improve the survival rate of prosthesis. However, there is still a lack of comprehensive analysis on the parameterization of knee prosthesis. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the failure forms of total knee arthroplasty, the research progress of parametric design of knee prosthesis, and put forward some suggestions. METHODS: Using the terms “TKA, Knee prosthesis, Tibial liner, Parametric design, Prosthesis replacement, Prosthesis loosening, Failure mode, Durability, Kinematics” as Chinese and English key words, relevant articles were searched in PubMed, Embase, CNKI, Wanfang and VIP databases. Finally, 64 articles were included. The development of knee prosthesis from three aspects was summarized and analyzed: Failure form of artificial knee joint prosthesis; development of parametric design of knee prosthesis; perfecting the parametric design of knee prosthesis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Aseptic loosening, prosthesis infection, instability and tibial pad wear are the main failure forms of knee prosthesis. The knee prosthesis should be retained for several years after implantation. The damage of knee prosthesis, bone loss and the destruction of the original knee balance will have adverse effects on the recovery of the disease and human health. Therefore, we should pay attention to the removal of diseased knee joint and the implantation of prosthesis. Once an accident occurs before and after treatment, it should be diagnosed and treated according to the condition as soon as possible to prevent accidents. (2) The parametric design of prosthesis should make it have better biocompatibility, good contact performance, stable kinematic characteristics and low friction, so that patients can get better rehabilitation effect. (3) The contact mechanical and kinematic properties of knee prosthesis are affected by the consistency of coronal and sagittal curvature radii, respectively. The change of parameters will inevitably lead to the change of performance, so the competition between the kinematic performance and contact mechanical performance of knee prosthesis is inevitable. In the parametric design of knee prosthesis, both should be controlled within a reasonable range. (4) Fitness is an important index in the parametric design of prosthesis, and the division of its high and low levels has not yet been realized, which will be an important problem that scholars should overcome in the parametric design. (5) The research on the parameterization of knee prosthesis can improve its contact performance, make it have more stable kinematic characteristics, and provide important theoretical basis for the production, development and clinical application of prosthesis. It is of great significance to improve the success rate of knee prosthesis replacement, reduce the revision rate of knee prosthesis, and improve the quality of life of patients. © 2023, Publishing House of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research. All rights reserved.     

小关节完整性与腰椎稳定性的相关研究

采用Ｐａｎｊａｂｉ的三球电测法，测量正常和一侧小关节部分切除、全部切除后，８个腰椎运动节段的三维空间运动。共有屈伸、左右侧屈、左右旋转６种载荷形式，分五步加载，最大载荷１０Ｎｍ。分析了主运动范围和中性区的变化，并对方法学进行了讨论。实验结果显示，小关节对维持腰椎稳定性起重要作用，尤其对扭转载荷是提供较大抵抗。     

正常人腕骨三维运动学研究方法

目的探讨正常人腕骨三维运动学在体研究方法。方法对10例正常人的右手腕,分别于中立位,掌屈、背伸各30°、60°位,桡、尺偏各10°、20°位建立螺旋CT图像,在计算机手术模拟系统内执行三维配准及三维截骨。以桡骨远端为参照骨建立三维坐标系统,编写桡骨远端及腕骨的质心、转动惯量、有限螺旋轴运算等程序。结果在该系统上构建出正常腕骨的立体结构模型,成功进行每块腕骨的三维切骨,并计算出腕骨及桡骨远端的质心及转动惯量。有限螺旋轴表达腕骨的平移及旋转运动方便可靠,三维测量方法项目全面、操作简捷、准确可靠。结论该研究为腕骨三维运动学提供了实用有效的技术手段和全新的科学方法,制定了一定的理论及技术参考。     

模拟重力下前交叉韧带的解剖运动学研究

目的研究模拟重力下前交叉韧带(ACL)的解剖运动学变化。方法本组21个尸体膝关节,比较在膝关节受模拟重力下,ACL前内侧束与后外侧束位移变化的差异;比较膝关节高度屈曲时韧带的位移变化。结果前内侧束最大位移为1.58mm,后外侧束为1.40mm。两束韧带的位移变化差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。高度屈曲每增加10°,两束韧带的拉长都具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论膝关节受模拟重力时,ACL两束韧带起着不同的作用,高度屈曲受重力时韧带的变形显著增大。     

锻炼:是跑还是走?

有人说:从运动学的角度来说,无论是跑1公里,还是走1公里,体内消耗的能量应该是一样的。因为能量的消耗跟运动的距离有关,而跟运动时的速度无关……其实,走1公里与跑1公里     

全膝关节置换运动仿真模型的建立和应用价值

目的建立全膝关节置换运动仿真模型,为国产膝关节假体设计等提供虚拟测试平台。方法采集正常女性志愿者右侧膝关节的影像学资料,建立全膝关节置换运动仿真模型,通过与相同假体的体内运动学数据进行比较分析,验证所建立模型的可靠性。结果膝关节屈曲0°、30°、60°、90°时,模型中股骨和胫骨假体的接触点位置一直位于体内数据的误差范围内,并且与体内数据平均值的误差均小于2mm。结论通过验证的运动仿真模型对于不同类型的假体、不同对线方法的运动学对比分析以及国产人工膝关节假体的研发等均有良好的应用前景。     

太极拳自然训练法

太极拳是依据《易经》衍生出来的一门生命运动学，博大精深。太极拳是东方智慧型的运动模式，藏天地之玄机，蕴机体之律数。从某种角度讲，太极拳的运动形式，是与宇宙天体的运动模式相吻合。其活性的生态运动状态，表现出生生不息、无与伦比的生命价值。