月子里的小日子——坐月子的花费单

月嫂篇 　　月嫂消费总金额:800～3000元 　　现如今,一方面,年轻的爸爸妈妈们都是独生子女,对于带孩子这样"技术含量"较高的工作实在是有些心有余力不足,所以像月嫂这样的服务行业逐渐受到广大新妈妈的热烈欢迎.……     

新生儿脐带血ABO血型鉴定结果分析

目的:探讨新生儿脐带血ABO血型鉴定结果的符合情况及影响因素分析.方法:对384名新生儿的脐血标本,用微柱凝胶血型卡进行正定型,用试管法和纸片法做反定型,满12个月后对上述新生儿再次采用正反定型确认ABO血型.结果:正定型血型鉴定的384例血样中有349例能正确定出ABO抗原血型,符合率为90.88%,其中AB型符合率最低,误差达14.29%(8/56);而反定型血型鉴定符合率低,仅能对57.29%(220/384)新生儿脐血血样正确定出ABO抗原血型,存在很大误差.结论:过早对新生儿鉴定血型存在不确定性.因新生儿A和B抗原仍未发育完全,红细胞上的抗原位点数相当于成人要少得多,再加上其自身抗体尚未产生无法用作反定型.所以,新生儿脐血血型鉴定的结果不能作为新生儿输血及疾病诊断的直接依据.     

脐带血染色体两种制备方法的比较(附78例报告)

为综合评价目前我国实验室常规脐带血染色体制备方法和改良脐带染色体血制备定方法的优劣,笔者2006年9月对同一病人脐带血染色体用两种制备方法制备,现报告如下。1资料与方法1.1标本来源本院妇产科和产前诊断中心门诊就诊的83例孕妇,孕龄17~36周,B超显示胎儿发育不良、先天性心     

剖宫产手术中采集脐带血对母婴的影响

目的:探讨脐带血采集对剖宫产分娩孕妇及新生儿的影响。方法:回顾分析剖宫产术中采集脐带血组(150例)和对照组(193例)产妇的母儿资料。结果:在脐带血组中手术指征为社会因素和选择单间病房的比例高于对照组,脐带血组术中出血量增多,两组间存在显著性差异(144.85±112.66mlvs129.84±65.14ml,P<0.05)。手术时间、术后血红蛋白变化数、产后出血发生率、产后病率和住院日,以及新生儿性别、体重、羊水情况、胎盘重量情况,两组间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:剖宫产手术中采集脐带血可能会增加术中出血,对于手术时间、孕妇产后出血、产后病率、住院时间以及新生儿的影响不大。     

夏季与冬季新生儿脐带血TSH水平分析

新生儿脐带血促甲状腺激素（TSH）水平是评价人群碘营养状况的重要指标，国际卫生组织明确新生儿全血TSH≤5mU／L者为碘营养状况正常。新生儿脐带血TSH除了受碘缺乏影响外，还与分娩的难易程度、分娩时的环境温度等因素有关。为了解和比较夏季环境温度下与冬季环境温度下分娩的新生儿脐带血TSH水平，对大洼县2001～2003年夏季和冬季采集的新生儿脐带血进行了TSH测定。结果报告如下。     

孕期妇女及胎儿弓形虫感染的研究

弓形虫病是一种人畜共患的寄生虫病，孕妇感染弓形虫可致习惯性流产、死胎、胎儿畸形和出生缺陷，严重危害孕妇和小儿健康。本文采用多聚酶链反应的体外基因扩增技术，对７０例曾有流产史的早期孕妇作绒毛ＰＣＲ检查，结果有１例为阳性，阳性检测率为１．４３％；２０例有不良生育史（头小畸形、脑垂体后叶病、脑发育不全、红斑狼疮等）的中期妊振妇女（５个月以内）作羊水ＰＣＲ检查，有２例为阳性，阳性检测率为１０％；５０例妊娠５个月以上的妇女外用血及她们所生的新生儿脐血作ＰＣＲ检查，未发现阳性结果；对２例检查阳性孕妇作Ｂ型超声波检查，发现１例为无脑儿，１例为脑积水。据此，弓形虫感染直接影响着优生优育。     

孕妇营养状况与胎儿生长发育关系的探讨——Ⅱ.孕期母血中某些生化指标的改变与脐血中相应指标以及某些膳食因素的关系

作者测定了101名正常孕妇不同孕期血中及胎儿脐血中血清总蛋白、白蛋白、运铁蛋白、血红蛋白、钙、铁、锌,铜的含量,并在采血的同时作了膳食调查。结果提示,随着妊娠的进展,母体血清总蛋白、血清铁、锌和血红蛋白含量下降。如将母血中上述指标与胎儿脐血中相应指标的含量作单相关分析,可见孕后期母血中铁、钙和锌与脐血中含量呈正相关。用逐步回归分析,与母血总蛋白关系最密切的膳食因素为总热量;与血钙、血锌、血铁关系最密切的膳食因素分别为总钙摄入;动物性食品量;肉、鱼类食品与维生素C摄入量,血红蛋白则与食物中总热能和血清铁关系最大。单相关分析指出血清钙与膳食中总蛋白质摄入,动物性钙,乳类食品摄入量也呈正相关。     

孕妇尿碘及甲状腺功能监测

目的　探讨不同孕周、不同碘营养状况下孕妇尿碘水平及孕妇、新生儿甲状腺功能 ,分析孕妇碘营养状况及药物治疗的必要性。方法　于 1997年 7月～ 2 0 0 3年 3月期间 ,收集在我院就诊及分娩的孕产妇尿标本 185 2 8例次 ,按照是否补充“金典”分为A组 (未补碘 )及B组 (补碘 ) ,按照孕周分为 :孕早期 1组 ,孕中期 2组 ,孕晚期 3组 ;另随机抽取 2 4 6例孕产妇 ,并分组 :早孕未补充“金典”者 81例为JA1组 ,孕足月未补充“金典”者 86例为JA3组 ,孕足月补充“金典”者 79例为JB3组 ,对该组孕妇其及分娩的新生儿脐带血进行甲状腺功能的检测。结果　①本组孕产妇尿碘中位数为 2 31μg L ,尿碘值 <5 0 μg L、 <10 0 μg L、 <2 0 0 μg L的发生率分别为 2 4 %、 13 9%及 4 3 4 % ;②孕早、中、晚期未补充“金典” (及补充“金典”)组尿碘值中位数分别为 :16 2 μg L (377μg L)、 193μg L (2 86 μg L)、 2 6 0 μg L (382 μg L) ,前者尿碘值均低于后者 ,其差异有显著性 (P =0 0 0 0 ) ;随着孕周的增加 ,未补充“金典”组尿碘值依次升高 ,差异有显著性 (P =0 0 0 0 ) ;③三组孕妇甲状腺功能检测值的中位数均在正常范围内 ,除TG一项外 ,FT3、FT4 、TSH、TM等几项差异均有统计学意义(P =0 0 0 0 ) ;④足月     

脐带血间充质干细胞研究进展及应用前景

干细胞是指具有无限或较长期的自我更新能力，并能产生至少一种高度分化子代细胞的细胞，主要存在于胚胎、骨髓、外周血、脐带血等处。而血液(外周血、脐带血)中的干细胞，目前发现有造血干细胞(hematopoietlc stem ceils，HSCs)和间充质干细胞(mesenchymal stem ceils，MSCs)两种。脐带血中干细胞含量丰富，明显超过成人外周血含量，     

Conversion of mononuclear cells from human umbilical cord blood into hepatocyte-like cells

Objective: To evaluate the differentiation of human umbilical cord blood cells into hepatocyte-like cells. Methods: Mononuclear cells (MNCs) derived from human umbilical cord blood were isolated using Ficoll. The experiment was derived into 3 categories:(1) MNCs co-cultured with 50 mg minced liver tissue separated by a trans-well membrane and then collected at 0 h,24 h,48 h and 72 h; (2) MNCs cultured along supplemented with 100 ml/L FBS. 100μ/ml penicillin, 100μg/ml streptomycin. 4. 7μg/ml linoleic acid, 1×ITS, 10-4 mol/L L-Ascorbic acid 2-P and a combination of FGF4 (100 ng/ml) and HGF (20 ng/mL). Cells were then collected at 0 d and 16 d to examine the expression profile of hepatocyte correlating markers;(3) 0. 2-0. 3 ml of MNCs with a cell density of 2×107/ml were transplanted into prepared recipient mice [n = 12, injected with 0. 4 ml/kg (20%) CCl4 and 150 ng/kg 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) prior the transplant 24 h and 48 h, respectively] via injection through tail vein. Mice were sacrificed 4 weeks after transplantation. The hepatocyte correlating mRNAs and proteins were determined by RT-PCR, immunohistochemical analysis and immunoflurence technique. Results: (1) After 72 h. a number of glycogen positive stained cells were observed with MNCs co-cultured with damaged mouse liver tissues. The expression of hepatocyte markers, human albumin (ALB),α-fetal protein (AFP) and human GATA4 mRNA and proteins were detected by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry as well. For the confirmation, the DNA sequencing of PCR products was performed. In control groups, MNCs co-cultured with normal mouse hepatocytes or MNCs cultured alone, all markers remained negative. (2) In growth factor supplemented culture system, MNCs developed into larger volume with richer cytoplasm and binucleation after 16 d. Positive expression of ALB, AFP, CK18 and CK19 mRNA were detected with RT-PCR, and ALB positive staining was observed by immunocytochemistry as well. In contrast. MNCs cultured without exogenous growth factors scarcely attached to the culture dish and ALB mRNA was not detected. (3) In transplantation experiment, both of ALB and AFP mRNA were detected by RT-PCR and HSA, PCNA and ALB positive staining were observed in the livers of recipient mice by immunocytochemistry. Conclusion: MNCs from human umbilical cord blood could convert into hepatocyte-like cells in 3 different ways, indicating their potential use in the clinic applications for the treatment of human liver diseases.