腹腔镜胆囊切除术后恶心呕吐原因分析及防治

腹腔镜胆囊切除术（laparoscopic cholecystectomy，LC）具有手术切口小、出血少、术后疼痛轻微、腹腔粘连发生率低、恢复快等优点，是目前使用较广泛的手术方式”。但因其手术方式、麻醉用药及麻醉方法等影响导致术后恶心、呕吐发生率相对较高，呕吐使病人处丁极度疲劳和痛苦状态，并延长住院时间，增加住院费用。本文对252例LC术后呕吐病人临床资料进行回顾性分析，并提出应对措施，取得较好治疗和预防效果，现报告如下。     

卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿粘连程度及相关因素分析

Objective To investigate the relationship between degree of endometrioma adhesions and clinical feature, surgical treatment and postoperative recurrence. Methods From Jan 2003 to Mar 2008, 662 patients with endometrioma undergoing laparoscopic ovarian endometrioma excision in Peking Union Medical College Hospital were studied retrospectively. All patients were classified into four groups according to the extent of adhesions: 31 cases in none adhesions group, 123 cases in mild adhesions group (filmy thickness, avascular, easily separated adhesions), 310 cases in moderate adhesions group (less than a half of ovary was adjacent to dense thickness adhesions which was difficult to separate, or above a half of ovary were adjacent to filmy thickness adhesions) and 198 cases in severe adhesions group (above a half of ovary was adjacent to dense thickness, well vascularized adhesions which was difficult to separate, and always involved the other pelvic organs, observed angiogenesis). The comparison of degree, characteristics, period of pain, lab test, surgical management and postoperative recurrence was performed among those above groups. In the mean time, risk factors and multinomial logistic regression were analyzed. Results (1)Clinical characteristics: The incidence of patients with dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, straining feeling in anus, chronic pelvic pain and the level of CA125 (>35 kU/L) was remarkably higher in moderate-to-severe adhesion groups than in none-to-mild adhesions groups (P=0.000, 0.000, 0.001, 0.006 and 0.000, respectively). Infertility rate were significantly higher in severe adhesions group(15.7%,31/198) than none adhesions group(3.2%,1/31), mild adhesions group(11.4%,14/123) and moderate adhesions group(9.7%,30/310, OR=1.728, P<0.05).(2)Operating time and blood loss: Operating time of each groups was as followed: (37±15) min in none adhesions group, (42±19) min in mild adhesions group, (50±20) min in moderate adhesions group and (63±22) min in severe adhesion group. Blood loss was (23±12) ml in none adhesion group, (31±27) ml in mild adhesion group, (40±32) ml in moderate adhesion group and (70±67) ml in severe adhesions group. Thicker adhesions result in longer operation time and more blood loss. (3)Combined with other disease: The ratio of patients who combined with adenomyosis or deeply infiltrating endometriosis in moderate-to-severer adhesion groups was higher than patients in none-to-mild adhesions groups (OR=3.466, P=0.000). (4) Postoperative recurrence: It was categorized into recurrence of pain and cyst. Moderate-to-severe adhesions was related to higher recurrence rate of pain (OR=1.685,P=0.046), but was irrelevant to recurrence of cyst. Conclusion The more extent of endometrioma adhesions was related to severer pelvic pain symptoms, longer operating time and more blood loss. Postoperative pain recurrence rate was observed in moderate-to-severe adhesion group. Extent of adhesions was irrelevant to cyst recurrence.     

腹膜后纤维化致急性肾衰竭二例

我们收治了2例腹膜后纤维化致急性肾衰竭患者，现报告如下。患者 1，女，57岁，因“浮肿一周、无尿4d”来我院治疗。患者于一周前无明显诱因出现腰部不适，颜面部及双下肢浮肿，4d前开始出现无尿。查体：左腹可触及左肾；左肾区叩击痛（＋＋）、右肾区（-），双下肢中度凹陷性浮肿。     

沿腋皱襞平行双切口剥离法治疗腋臭

腋臭不但影响人们正常交往，而且造成心理负担。非手术疗法远期效果不令人满意。手术疗法又具有制动期长、恢复慢、切口瘢痕明显等缺点。自2003年12月至2005年9月．笔者采用沿皱襞平行双切口剥离法治疗腋臭．远期效果良好。     

《风湿性关节炎--一个值得磋商的病名》商榷

拜读“风湿性关节炎———一个值得磋商的病名”(中华风湿病学杂志 ,2 0 0 3,7:6 0 )一文 ,颇有同感。不知有多少关节痛的病人被误诊为“风湿性关节炎”而遭误治 !对“天气变化十分敏感”的关节炎不是风湿热的特征性表现的观点 ,亦非常赞同 ,但对“与天气变化较密切的关节炎多是骨关节炎”这一观点 ,说点粗浅看法。临床上 ,我们发现大量关节痛病人多有长居寒冷地、冷库工人、长期驾驶摩托车等受风寒史 ,每次关节痛发作与天气变化 (主要是阴冷下雨 )有密切关系 ,临床检查关节红肿不明显 ,实验室和影像学检查缺乏特异性改变 ,而且发病年龄作者…     

拉合胶带用于闭合皮肤小切口的体会

目的探讨闭合小型皮肤切口的新方法,避免或减轻切口疤痕。方法对小型皮肤切口/伤口,通过对皮下组织的减张缝合,使切口/伤口已基本对合之后,不缝皮肤,使用拉合胶带闭合切口/伤口。结果应用于门诊手术共108例,均愈合良好。无发生切口/伤口裂开或对合不良现象。结论应用拉合胶带闭合皮肤小切口/伤口,只要病例选择得当,使用方法正确,能够避免或减少切口/伤口的疤痕形成,缩短手术时间,且简单易行,有实用意义。     

曲马多超前镇痛用于妇科腹腔镜手术

腹腔镜手术由于创伤小,术后恢复快,越来越多地应用于妇科手术中,但是术后切口疼痛仍然存在,尤其是术后24h内。超前镇痛是指术前即对伤害性感受加以阻滞而达到术后止痛或减轻疼痛的目的[1]。曲马多是中枢性镇痛药,作用于阿片受体及下行镇痛系统的去甲肾上腺素(NE)和5羟色胺(5HT)     

糖尿病手术病人106例围手术期的护理

糖尿病患者中需要手术的机会大于非糖尿病患者,其中相当一部分患者一生中会经历各种手术。手术可加重糖尿病病情,而糖尿病又会影响手术效果。目前大部分医院的分科设置不利于对糖尿病手术病人的综合管理。检测血糖不及时,血糖控制不佳,可引起切口感染[1],甚至引起败血症、切口不愈合或延迟愈合等。为了提高糖尿病手术病人的治疗质量,我院外科从2002年9月至2004年8月,对住院病人常规血糖监测,发现血糖过高者合理调整胰岛素用量,严格控制饮食,减少了围手术期并发症的发生,取得了满意的效果,现介绍如下:1临床资料自2002年9月至2004年8月,住我院…     

口腔颌面部创伤

对上颌骨骨折LeFort分类的改良补充方案，颞部发际内小切口明视下行颧弓骨折复位术27例分析，颔间结扎钉和牙弓夹板行颌间牵引固定的比较，口腔颌面部狗咬伤43例临床总结，钛板、钛网治疗颌面骨骨折42例分析[编者按]