浅谈科学研究对推动教学和促进教研室建设的作用

科学研究是高等学校的基本任务之一。本文基于这一理念,从提高教师素质、锤炼教学精品、装备实验室和推动教学改革诸角度,阐述了科研推动教学、促进教研室建设的体会。     

土壤氡与室内氡浓度关系的研究

目的了解土壤氡对底层房间的贡献.方法采用ERS1000和RAD7环境测氡仪测量土壤氡及析出率,根据析出率与室内氡关系公式计算了室内氡浓度的变化范围,对所得结果进行了实验验证.结果调查区域土壤氡浓度为(18 000±3 100)Bq·m-3;氡析出率为(8.15±5.55)Bq·m-2·s-1;混凝土地面的氡析出率为(0.72±0.19)Bq·m-2·s-1,普通混凝土结构房屋中氡浓度理论计算范围为11.5～42.4Bq·m-3.实际测量结果(18.9～40.6)Bq·m-3,预测值与实测结果一致.结论在土壤氡浓度低于20000Bq·m-3地区,采用传统建筑方式,不会引起室内氡浓度增高.     

医学博士生党支部的功能拓展及实施途径

医学博士生是我国高等医学教育的最高层次,其思想道德水平和科技文化素质直接关系到祖国的前途,加强和改进博士生思想政治工作具有重要的意义。本文分析了医学博士生党支部的特点、党支部建设的薄弱环节,结合医学博士生自身特点,提出了具有武汉大学特色的研究生党支部建设新模式,通过几年的实践,取得了良好效果,值得进一步推广。     

浅议构建和谐校园视域下的高校党建工作创新

构建和谐校园是构建社会主义和谐社会的重要组成部分,它具有十分丰富的内涵,其关键在党。当前构建和谐校园面临着复杂的国际环境、经济社会发展的新形势、高等教育改革发展中出现的新问题,这对高校党建工作提出了新要求、新任务、新课题。本文从观念创新、组织创新、内容创新、制度创新等方面切入,积极探索推进高校党建工作创新的有效途径,努力为构建和谐校园提供坚强的组织保证。     

干部作风建设在现代医院管理中的发展思路

在介绍作风建设在医院管理中的实践与体会的基础上，从思想作风、学风、工作作风、领导作风、生活作风方面阐述了干部作风建设在现代医院管理中的发展思路。     

德国医院新标准新概念

本文评述了德国医院最新标准VDI 2176中的"医院建筑设施--供热、通风与空气调节",特别对VDI标准的新概念、最新定义的卫生级别、供热、通风与空气调节新措施和手术室验收进行了介绍,并对标准中这些措施与感染控制问题的关系进行了讨论.     

Allergenic characteristics of chemical compounds migrating from polymer building materials

Methods of determining the allergenic activity of volatile substances given off into the atmosphere from polymer building materials (PBM) are developed. To detect sensitization in experiments on guinea pigs, in vitro allergic diagnostic methods are used (the passive hemagglutination test, specific leukocyte agglomeration test, intensification of leukocyte pyroninophilia test). It is shown that prolonged contact with PBM can give rise to atopic allergic reactions.Medical Institute, Rostov-on-Don. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. D. Ado.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 83, No. 2, pp. 202–205, February, 1977.     

Ergosterol as an indicator of mould growth on building materials

Ergosterol was used as a specific indicator of fungal biomass to determine and assess mould growth on damp building material. The samples were saponified, cleaned up on a silica gel column and the sterols silylated and analysed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry in MS/MS mode. Ninety-one samples of building materials from damp rooms were analysed including plaster, plaster/paint, paint, wood-chip wallpaper and paper wall covering. The concentrations of ergosterol ranged from 0.1 to 130 microg/g dry mass and depended on carbon content of the material. The highest concentrations were determined for wallpaper, the lowest for plaster and intermediate ones for paint. Based on ergosterol content and inspection of the room during sampling a rough classification of mould infestation is presented. The applicability of the ergosterol method was further tested in two case studies on the spatial distribution of fungi on damp walls and irregular distributions were found. With few exceptions the concentration of ergosterol in building materials was found to be a suitable indicator to estimate fungal biomass.     

Systemic capacity building: a hierarchy of needs

'Capacity building' is the objective of many development programmes and a component of most others. However, satisfactory definitions continue to elude us, and it is widely suspected of being too broad a concept to be useful. Too often it becomes merely a euphemism referring to little more than training. This paper argues that it is more important to address systemic capacity building, identifying a pyramid of nine separate but interdependent components. These form a four-tier hierarchy of capacity building needs: (1) structures, systems and roles, (2) staff and facilities, (3) skills, and (4) tools. Emphasizing systemic capacity building would improve diagnosis of sectoral shortcomings in specific locations, improve project/programme design and monitoring, and lead to more effective use of resources. Based on extensive action research in 25 States, experience from India is presented to illustrate how the concept of the capacity building pyramid has been put to practical use.     

Symptoms in relation to chemicals and dampness in newly built dwellings

Objectives: As the airtightness of dwellings has recently increased, problems associated with indoor air pollution and dampness have become important environmental health issues. The aim of this study was to clarify whether symptoms in residents living in newly built dwellings were related to chemicals and dampness. Methods: Symptoms of 317 residents were surveyed by standardized questionnaires, and the concentrations of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and 17 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in their homes were measured. Dampness (condensation on window panes and/or walls, and mold growth) was identified by questionnaires given to the householders or their partners. Results: Some VOCs (toluene, butyl acetate, ethylbenzene, alpha-pinene, p-dichlorobenzene, nonanal, and xylene) were significantly related to the symptoms, and the sum of all VOCs (all identified VOCs) was significantly related to throat and respiratory symptoms [odds ratio (OR) for eye symptoms =2.4; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.0–5.5], although the concentrations of VOCs were relatively low. As for the dampness index, condensation on window panes and/or walls was related to all symptoms, and mold growth was related to all symptoms except skin, throat and respiratory and general symptoms. As the number of dampness signs increased, the ORs increased for the symptoms except general symptoms (OR for nose symptoms = 4.4, 95% CI 1.6–11.9). Conclusion: Both VOCs and dampness were significantly related to symptoms. We should take measures to reduce the concentrations of VOCs, dampness and microbial growth in dwellings.