PET in cardiology: current status and clinical expectations

Summary. The development of positron emission tomography (PET) in the clinical environment along with the synthesis of biologically active molecules and tracer kinetic principles has provided a diagnostic tool for in vivo tissue characterization in humans. Moreover, based on the growing knowledge of cellular function on the molecular level of diseases PET biological imaging has stimulated the synthesis of numerous metabolic compounds labelled with the four primary positron-emitting radioisotopes C-ll, F-18, N-13 and 0–15. While the concept of biological imaging has gained attraction for probing both the central nervous system and neoplastic tissues, current diagnostic benefit from PET is probably best defined in cardiovascular medicine.     

乳酸脱氢酶实验检测细胞新陈代谢的实验研究

目的 探索LDH实验检测细胞活力的可行性。方法 原代培养骨髓细胞和软骨细胞，用LDH实验测定上述两组细胞的活力，并与镜下活体观察到细胞的生长状况相比较。与目前比较成熟的测定细胞活力的MTS实验的测得的值相比较。结果 LDH实验对上述两组细胞的活力的测定结果与镜下活体观察到的结果相符合。与MTS实验的测得的结果经统计学处理无显著差异。结论 LDH实验可用于细胞活力的直接测定，而对活细胞的生存、繁殖无影响。     

α<Subscript>2β</Subscript> adrenoreceptor 301–303 deletion polymorphism in polycystic ovary syndrome

α_2β adrenoreceptor 301–303 deletion polymorphism does not influence basal metabolic rate, insulin resistance or weight gain in Greek women with polycystic ovary syndrome.     

2型糖尿病并脂肪肝与血脂紊乱的关系探讨

目的　探讨 2型糖尿病并脂肪肝患者与脂代谢紊乱之间的关系。方法　对 60例 2型糖尿病并脂肪肝和 5 2例 2型糖尿病不并有脂肪肝病例的血脂谱 ,空腹血糖 (FPG ) ,餐后 2小时血糖 ( 2hPG) ,空腹胰岛素 (FINS)进行测定 ,计算体重指数 (BMI)及胰岛素敏感指数 (ISI)。结果　 2型糖尿病并脂肪肝与不并脂肪肝相比 ,甘油三脂 (TG) ,低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (LDL -C) ,FINS均升高 (P <0 .0 5 ,P <0 .0 1) ,而ISI明显降低 (P <0 .0 1)、脂蛋白a(Lp(a)降低(P <0 .0 5 )。结论　 2型糖尿病并脂肪肝比不并脂肪肝者存在明显脂代谢紊乱及胰岛素抵抗     

Thiamine deficiency in utero alters response to ethanol in adulthood

To determine whether prenatal thiamine deficiency, a frequent concomitant of alcoholism, reduces the response to ethanol during adulthood in the rat as does ethanol exposure in utero (Abel et al. 1981), pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats received either control or thiamine deficient diets together with daily injections of the thiamine antagonist pyrithiamine. At 7 months of age, male offspring were exposed to precisely regulated ethanol vapor concentrations in an inhalation chamber for 24 h and blood ethanol concentrations (BECs) and ethanol-induced intoxication were determined. Prenatally thiamine deficient rats and controls were indistinguishable in terms of appearance, body and liver weights, and the ratios of liver to body weight and brain to liver weight. However, total body water was significantly greater, and BECs and behavioral impairment were decreased, in the experimental rats. These findings indicate that prenatal thiamine deprivation is associated with reduced pharmacologic effect of ethanol as a result of increases in its volume of distribution and rate of metabolism.     

A comparison of the effects of a macrobiotic diet and a western diet on drug metabolism and plasma lipids in man

Summary We have compared the effects of two dietary regimens with different macronutrient compositions — a macrobiotic diet and a Western diet — on drug metabolism and plasma lipids in seven healthy volunteers.The macrobiotic diet, high in carbohydrate, low in protein and fat, and devoid of animal food sources, was eaten for a ten day control period, as was the Western diet, high in calories, fat, and protein, as well as animal food sources. We determined the influences of these diets on the clearance of orally administered antipyrine, oxazepam, and methadone, as well as on plasma lipids.There was a statistically significant change in antipyrine clearance as well as in plasma LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol after the dietary periods. This suggests that the influence of dietary changes may have some effect on the clearance of therapeutic drugs. However, this is not universal and is probably important when the drug is highly dependent on the mixed-function oxidase system.     

Klinefelter's Syndrome: Hypogonadism,abnormal carbohydrate metabolism. Is it a result of biotin deficiency?

The aetiology of Klinefelter's Syndrome is not known. The causative factor(s) must explain the hypogonadism, low androgen levels, the disordered carbohydrate metabolism and the commonly associated psychiatric conditions. A biotin deficient/dependent state can account for the above. A biotin deficient Klinefelter's Syndrome patients with the above is described. The possible role of biotin in the primary, secondary and tertiary prevention of Klinefelter's Syndrome needs further research.     

肠外营养与生长激素联合应用对外科大手术术后患者蛋白代谢的影响

目的观察肠外营养与生长激素联合应用对大手术术后患者蛋白代谢的影响。方法将拟实施外科大手术(四类以上手术)熏APACHE-Ⅱ评分>7分的患者30例,入院后随机分为3组熏A组穴n=10雪押肠外营养治疗与生长激素穴金磊赛增雪联合治疗组(PN+GH)鸦B组穴n=10雪押肠外营养治疗组(PN)鸦C组穴n=10雪押正常补液组。其中A组在术后第2天开始给予生长激素皮下肌注,连续7d。结果术后8d内,B、C组患者均处于负氮平衡状态,血清白蛋白与胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ)维持较低水平,A组在术后5d机体开始恢复氮平衡,血清白蛋白与IGF-Ⅰ水平逐渐上升,A组与B、C组比较差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论较大的外科手术打击后,单纯给予常规的肠外营养要素不能被机体有效的利用,GH能够提高机体对肠外营养要素的利用率,促进机体蛋白合成。     

Effect of the antioxidant emoxypine on lipid metabolism in the lungs during development of pulmonary edema

Department of Pathophysiology, Yaroslavl' State Medical Institute. All-Union Research Center for Safety of Biologically Active Substances, Kupavna, Moscow Region. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. G. Chuchalin.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 113, No. 2, pp. 139–141, February, 1992.