基于QbD理念的对乙酰氨基酚双释双层片制备工艺的设计及优化

目的：基于"质量源于设计"（QbD）理念设计并优化对乙酰氨基酚双释双层片（简称为"双层片"）的制备工艺。方法：采用Plackett-Burman考察法确定双层片制备工艺的关键工艺参数（CPPs）;采用Box-Behnken响应面设计,以缓释层的释放度、速释层的溶出度作为关键质量属性（CQAs）,优化双层片的最佳处方、工艺参数;在二次多项式回归模型的基础上建立双层片工艺设计空间,并加以验证。结果：对乙酰氨基酚双层片最佳工艺为：崩解剂量所占比例为9.5%,制粒目数为22目,缓材比例为5∶1;设计空间以Overlay plot方式展示,并加入95%置信区间,设计空间工艺稳定可靠。结论：所制定的工艺对乙酰氨基酚双释双层片制备工艺简单,制剂稳定,适合大工业生产。     

那他霉素粗粉精制工艺优化

目的 优化那他霉素粗粉精制工艺,提高其精粉质量。方法 采用正交对比试验方法,对那他霉素粗粉溶解剂、粗粉溶液浓度、结晶溶液pH、淋洗挖洗影响、挖洗剂种类等精制工艺条件进行优化。结果 成功开发了那他霉素粗粉的精制优化工艺,即：粗粉溶解剂为75%甲醇-水溶液、粗粉溶液浓度为(25000±1000)u/mL、结晶溶液pH为6.0~7.0、结晶后沉淀需要用75%丙酮-水溶液淋洗后再挖洗,该工艺制备的那他霉素精粉纯度高达99.84%、收率可达94.05%,杂质含量为0.2%。结论 那他霉素粗粉精制工艺经优化后,大幅提高了精粉质量,且工艺稳定可行,可用于放大生产。     

Research on Moflo XDP high speed cell sorting techniques and parameter optimization

This article aims to discuss strategies to operate Moflo XDP high-speed sorting equipment for cell sorting and optimize the instrument to run in the best operating state. Using fluorescent microspheres to quickly calibrate the position of the main liquidflow and the laser beam, adjust the amplitude and frequency according to different size CytoNozzles to find the best breakoff point, and adjust the four-way side flow to achieve the stable maintaining of the equipment, so as to quickly sort sample at high-speed. The absence of air bubbles in the sheath liquid barrel and the liquid path is the key to achieving a stable sorting-maintaining in the sorting process. The accurate calculation of the breakoff point and drop delay is the key to improve sorting efficiency and cell activity.     

Linear quadratic regulator control of multi‐agent systems

This paper considers a collection of agents performing a shared task making use of relative information communicated over an information network. The designed suboptimal controllers are state feedback and static output feedback, which are guaranteed to provide a certain level of performance in terms of a linear quadratic regulator (LQR) cost. Because of the convexity of the LQR performance region, the suboptimal LQR control problem with state feedback is reduced to the solution of two inequalities, with the minimum and maximum eigenvalues of the Laplacian matrix as the coefficients. The advantage of the method is that the LQR control problem of network multi‐agent systems can be converted into the LQR control of a set of single‐agent systems, and the structure constraint on the feedback gain matrix can be eliminated. It can be shown that the size of the LQR control problem will not increase according to the number of the node in the fairly general framework. The method can be extended to the synthesis of the static output feedback, which is derived from the weighting matrices in LQR. Through some coordinate transformation and the augmentation of the output matrix, the LQR synthesis is provided on the basis of the output measurements of the adjacent agents. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the proposed method. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Optimal spatial field control for controlled release

Most distributed parameter control problems involve manipulation within the spatial domain. Such problems arise in a variety of applications including epidemiology, tissue engineering, and cancer treatment. This paper proposes an approach to solve a state‐constrained spatial field control problem that is motivated by a biomedical application. In particular, the considered manipulation over a spatial field is described by partial differential equations (PDEs) with spatial frequency constraints. The proposed optimization algorithm for tracking a reference spatial field combines three‐dimensional Fourier series, which are truncated to satisfy the spatial frequency constraints, with exploitation of structural characteristics of the PDEs. The computational efficiency and performance of the optimization algorithm are demonstrated in a numerical example. In the example, the spatial tracking error is shown to be almost entirely due to the limitation on the spatial frequency of the manipulated field. The numerical results suggest that the proposed optimal control approach has promise for controlling the release of macromolecules in tissue engineering applications.     

优化早交班内涵的实践与成效

目的：探讨早交班内涵的优化与实践成效。方法评估传统早交班内涵,对传统早交接内涵进行优化、培训,使责任护士掌握并应用于临床实践,对优化前、后的早交班内涵的相关护理指标进行评价。结果早交班内涵优化后的护理质量及患者对责任护士的满意度较优化前有显著提高,差异有统计学意义(P<0．05)。结论早交班内涵的优化提高了护理工作的质量及效率,体现了优质护理的人性化、连续性、整体性、专业化。     

Optimal marker placement in hadrontherapy: Intelligent optimization strategies with augmented Lagrangian pattern search

PurposeIn high precision photon radiotherapy and in hadrontherapy, it is crucial to minimize the occurrence of geometrical deviations with respect to the treatment plan in each treatment session. To this end, point-based infrared (IR) optical tracking for patient set-up quality assessment is performed. Such tracking depends on external fiducial points placement. The main purpose of our work is to propose a new algorithm based on simulated annealing and augmented Lagrangian pattern search (SAPS), which is able to take into account prior knowledge, such as spatial constraints, during the optimization process.Material and methodsThe SAPS algorithm was tested on data related to head and neck and pelvic cancer patients, and that were fitted with external surface markers for IR optical tracking applied for patient set-up preliminary correction. The integrated algorithm was tested considering optimality measures obtained with Computed Tomography (CT) images (i.e. the ratio between the so-called target registration error and fiducial registration error, TRE/FRE) and assessing the marker spatial distribution. Comparison has been performed with randomly selected marker configuration and with the GETS algorithm (Genetic Evolutionary Taboo Search), also taking into account the presence of organs at risk.ResultsThe results obtained with SAPS highlight improvements with respect to the other approaches: (i) TRE/FRE ratio decreases; (ii) marker distribution satisfies both marker visibility and spatial constraints. We have also investigated how the TRE/FRE ratio is influenced by the number of markers, obtaining significant TRE/FRE reduction with respect to the random configurations, when a high number of markers is used.ConclusionsThe SAPS algorithm is a valuable strategy for fiducial configuration optimization in IR optical tracking applied for patient set-up error detection and correction in radiation therapy, showing that taking into account prior knowledge is valuable in this optimization process. Further work will be focused on the computational optimization of the SAPS algorithm toward fast point-of-care applications.