白内障手术后急性高眼压快速处理法

目的:探讨白内障手术后急性高眼压的快速处理。方法:对于手术前无青光眼史、眼压正常的白内障患者,手术后眼压增高者,应用表面麻醉,开睑,1mL消毒注射器压迫辅助切口后唇,房水自然流出,眼压随即下降。结果:共处理白内障手术后高眼压67例,放水1次眼压恢复正常者65例,两次放水眼压恢复正常者1例,4次1例。其中6例放水后前房出血,经半卧位休息及全身应用止血药后3～5d出血吸收。无其它并发症。结论:应用辅助切口放出房水治疗白内障手术后高眼压,无应用高渗脱水剂引起肾功能障碍的风险,治疗后眼压随即下降,角膜恢复透明,高眼压临床症状立即消失,减少了高眼压对手术眼视力的损害,且无特殊并发症,经济实用,可以在临床推广应用。     

In vitro growth of epithelial cells from mucosa derived from different regions of the gastrointestinal tract

Attempts have been made to culture the mucosa from various parts of the gastrointestinal tract. In this study, using an explant culture method, epithelial cells have been successfully cultured from all major regions of the gastrointestinal tract. The success rate, as judged by outgrowth of epithelial cells for at least 4 weeks, varied with the tissue studied with 19/50 colonic biopsies, 5/11 small intestinal biopsies, 9/12 stomach biopsies and 42/47 gallbladder biopsies yielding outgrowth of epithelial cells. Differentiation of the epithelial cells along the mucus cell pathway could be demonstrated on the monolayer cultures using Periodic acid Schiff or Alcian blue staining. Because the cultures were very heterogeneous and many morphological cell types were present in most cultures, differentiation along the other known differentiation pathways of the gastrointestinal mucosa, such as development of absorptive cells and endocrine cells, could not be excluded.
The problem of bacterial contamination, which has hindered previous studies on tissue from these sites, was overcome by decontaminating the biopsy by soaking in dilute sodium hypochlorite (0.04%).     

The effect of Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench extract on experimental prostate hyperplasia

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea L. Moench) on the prostate gland of rats using an experimental model of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). The animals were administered 50 mg/kg of extract preparation for 4 and 8 weeks and the prostate mass and structural degenerative changes were evaluated in the course of the experiment. The administration of E. purpurea extract to rats with hyperplasia for 4 and 8 weeks gradually and significantly reduced the prostate mass and reversed the degenerative changes in the structure of the prostate gland. The present investigation suggests extract of purple coneflower prevents the development of BPH. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The immunohistology of CD40 in human oral epithelium in health and disease

BACKGROUND: CD40 has a role in the regulation of immune responses, cell proliferation and migration, and apoptosis. Little is known of its distribution in oral mucosal pathology. METHODS: Oral keratinocyte lines were tested for CD40 protein by Western blotting. Immunohistochemistry was used to stain paraffin sections of oral mucosa in health and in inflammatory, reactive, dysplastic and malignant disease. RESULTS: Western blotting confirmed the presence of CD40 in oral keratinocytes. CD40 was generally expressed by keratinocytes in the basal layer, with variable parabasal expression. Langerhans cells also stained positively. Expression was lost in nine of 33 (27%) epithelial dysplasias, seven of which were severe. Eighty-one percent of well, 69% of moderately and 50% of poorly differentiated oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) expressed CD40. Overall, 45 of 65 (69%) OSCC were positive. The pattern of expression was unrelated to tumour differentiation. CONCLUSION: CD40 expression by basal and parabasal oral keratinocytes is physiological. Expression is lost in approximately one-third of oral epithelial dysplasias and OSCC. The significance of such loss remains unknown, but may be related to immunological or other abnormalities of keratinocyte homeostasis.     

The effect of sodium lauryl sulphate on the expression of cytokeratin mRNA in hamster cheek pouch epithelium

The effect of sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) on cytokeratin (CK) gene expression in hamster cheek pouch epithelium was studied with a hybridohistochemical technique. Using specific human anti-sense RNA probes, the plausible hamster mRNA counterparts for these human CK mRNAs were localized by detection of heterologous hybrids. In comparison with normal epithelium, the expression and distribution pattern of CK mRNAs in the hamster cheek pouch were obviously changed after application of SLS. There was a decreased expression of CK mRNAs in the hyperplastic basal layer, and increased expression in the hypertrophic granular layer. Strikingly, hybridization with the human CK 18 cRNA probe revealed an additionally expressed CK mRNA in the SLS-treated epithelium that was not found in the untreated epithelium. The present study indicates that cRNA probes for human CK mRNAs can be used successfully, not only to distinguish between different hamster CK mRNAs but also to investigate changes in CK gene expression upon the induction of non-neoplastic and neoplastic alterations in the hamster cheek pouch model. This may help elucidate the molecular changes involved in epithelial pathologies.     

A Comparison of a Monofocal Acrysoft IOL Using the “Blended Monovision” Formula with the Multifocal Array IOL for Glasses Independence After Cataract Surgery

We compared the Acrysoft monofocal intraocular lens (IOL) in the mini monovision formula (n = 20) with the Array multifocal intraocular lens (n = 20) for glasses independence after cataract surgery. The Acrysoft monofocal IOL group showed similar and even slightly better results than the Array multifocal IOL group. The monofocal Acrysoft IOL using the mini monovision (blended vision) formula is a good alternative for providing post-cataract surgery glasses independence. Drs. Chen, Clinical Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology and Neal H. Atebara are at University of Hawaii School of Medicine, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA. Dr. Te Tsaw Chen, Past Professor & Director, was at Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, ROC. The authors have stated that they do not have a significant financial interest or other relationship with any product manufacturer or provider of services discussed in this article. The authors also do not discuss the use of off-label products, which includes unlabeled, unapproved, or investigative products or devices. The authors compared the Acrysoft monofocal intraocular lens in the mini monovision formula to the Array multifocal intraocular lens for glasses independence after cataract surgery.     

Change in apoptosis in the gastric surface epithelium and glands after eradication of Helicobacter pylori

BACKGROUND: Change in apoptosis in gastric glands after eradication of Helicobacter pylori has never been reported. AIMS: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the change in apoptosis in gastric glands after eradication of Heliobacter pylori. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We studied 23 Heliobacter pylori-positive patients with duodenal and gastric ulcers, who were monitored for 6-12 months after eradication, and eight controls. Biopsies were taken from the antrum and body. Apoptosis was evaluated immunohistochemically using anti-single stranded DNA antibody. Apoptotic index was calculated by counting immunostained cells in surface epithelial and glandular cells. RESULTS: In the surface epithelium, Apoptotic indexes were significantly higher in patients than in controls. In the upper portion of fundic glands, apoptotic indexes were significantly higher in patients with gastric ulcers (14.2% (9.3, 17.8)) (median (1st quartile, 3rd quartile)) than in controls (8.0% (2.0, 9.0), p < 0.01) and decreased significantly after eradication (3.4% (2.0, 5.3)), p < 0.01). In pyloric glands, apoptotic indexes were no different between patients and controls. In the lower portion of fundic glands, apoptotic indexes were very low, both in patients and in controls. CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed that apoptosis, not only of surface epithelial cells but also of glandular cells in the upper portion of fundic glands, increased in Heliobacter pylori-positive patients with gastric ulcers and decreased to normal levels after eradication of Heliobacter pylori.     

白内障形成机制研究

通过对老年性白内障、外伤性白内障、先天性白内障(共14例)及正常晶体(20例)的SOD测定,表明晶体内自由基产生增加,抗氧化能力障碍是白内障形成的重要原因之一。同时,对晶体内自由基的发生及致病机理进行了探讨,提示在白内障形成初期,给予抗氧化制剂在可能阻止或延缓白内障形成。     

人工晶体植入术后复视

目的:本文报道7例人工晶体植入术后复视病例,并初步探讨其原因及预防。方法:随访60例单侧白内障摘除及人工晶体植入术连续病例。复视病例,检查复视类型、眼位、眼球活动度、屈光状态、瞳孔及眼底,并散瞳检查人工晶体位置。结果:本文报告白内障摘除及人工晶体植入术后复视发生率为11.67％。术前存在斜视,双眼融合功能障碍,局麻药物对眼外肌的毒性作用,人工晶体中心偏移,黄斑部病变及晶体后囊不均匀混浊等与术后复视有关。结论:复视是白内障摘除及人工晶体植入术后一个重要的并发症。其治疗往往较困难,根据复视的可能原因,采取预防措施对减少术后复视有帮助。眼科学报1997;13:210—212。