肩锁钩板治疗不稳定性锁骨外侧段骨折的临床研究

目的：比较肩锁钩板和传统克氏针内固定治疗不稳定性锁骨外侧段骨折的疗效。方法：54例不稳定性锁骨外侧段骨折的患者接受了手术治疗，内固定分别是锁骨钩板或克氏针，根据国外的锁骨外侧段骨折肩部功能评价标准进行6－12个月的术后随访，随访结果运用统计学方法进行分析处理，结果：克氏针内固定组的手术优良率为77．3％，并发症发生率为27．3％，骨折愈合率为81．8％；锁骨钩板内固定组的手术优良率为100％，并发症发生率为3．1％，骨折愈合率100％。两组数据统计学差异有显著性，结论：在不稳定性锁骨外侧段骨折的手术治疗中，锁骨钩板较传统克氏针内固定有较高的手术优良率和骨折愈合率，且并发症的发生率较低，因此，它是一种疗效满意的内固定方法。     

可吸收螺钉治疗股骨头骨折12例报告

目的 探讨应用可吸收螺钉治疗股骨头骨折的效果。方法 对12例股骨头骨折患使用可吸收螺钉行内固定治疗。结果 术后平均随访1．5年，患髋关节功能恢复良好，无骨折部位感染和股骨头坏死等并发症。结论 可吸收螺钉不需再次手术取出内固定，是股骨头骨折理想的内固定材料。     

肱骨干骨折内固定的选择及应注意的问题

目的正确选择肱骨干骨折手术内固定.方法对107例肱骨干骨折分别进行交锁髓内钉(34例)、加压钢板(29例)、Y型钢板(38例)、螺钉(6例)等内固定,并随访比较分析. 结果所有病例均得到随访,平均随访6.3个月.交锁髓内钉、螺钉内固定组全部愈合;加压钢板内固定组愈合26例,伴桡神经损伤2例;Y型钢板内固定组全部愈合,伴肘关节僵硬2例. 结论根据肱骨干骨折的部位和类型选用适当的内固定方法,骨折愈合良好,可有效的减少并发症的发生.     

Cervifix内固定系统在枕颈融合术中的应用

目的 介绍Cervifix枕颈内固定系统在枕颈融合术中的应用并评价其疗效。方法 对6例由新鲜创伤和25例由陈旧性创伤、先天畸形、类风湿引起的枕颈失稳病例，采用Cervifix系统进行枕颈融合术；随访手术效果。结果 全部病例得到随访，随访时间9～37个月。3l例均获得骨性融合。内固定无松动，移位和断裂等并发症。脊髓神经功能有不同程度恢复。l例在术中发现有椎动脉损伤，术后无相关症状出现。所有病例未出现与内固定有关的神经脊髓损伤和脑脊液漏等并发症。结论 Cervifix系统固定可靠，器械安装方便，手术操作虽有一定难度，但仍是目前枕颈融合内固定的较好方法：     

肩后入路内固定治疗不稳定性肩胛骨骨折

目的：探讨不稳定性肩胛骨系列骨折的手术适应证与开放复位内固定的治疗效果。方法：22例肩胛骨骨折，男18例，女4例，年龄25～65岁，平均35．5岁。根据术前X线片与CT扫描对骨折进行分型，确定手术指征，经肩后入路行切开复位，采用重建钢板、微型钢板、拉力螺钉内固定，术后早期功能锻炼。结果：22例均获9～28个月随访，平均17．5个月，疗效优14例，良5例，可2例，差1例，优良率86．4％。所有骨折平均在术后8．5周骨性愈合。结论：对不稳定性肩胛骨骨折行开放复位内固定、早期功能锻炼可恢复较好的肩关节功能。     

(iii) Minimal invasive techniques in the management of tibial plateau fractures

Intra-articular fractures of the proximal tibia present a wide spectrum of injury patterns with associated soft tissue injury. The last two decades have seen the techniques of management evolve from extensive open reduction and rigid internal fixation to arthroscopy-assisted minimal invasive surgery (MIS) and biologically benign internal fixation. The ultimate aim is to prevent the occurrence of late degenerative arthritis. This could be achieved in selected patients using minimal invasive surgery, which offers the advantages of better visualisation and management of intra-articular soft tissue injuries, confirmation of fracture reduction viewed from the joint surface, faster rehabilitation and fewer wound complications.     

血液透析患者的内瘘手术的护理

目的 探讨血液透析患者的内瘘手术的护理措施及术后并发症提出了相应对策。方法 对3年来75例透析患者内瘘手术进行术前护理、术后护理，健康宣教加以总结分析。结果 内瘘手术患者通过正确的护理，除1例内瘘闭塞外，另外74例提高了血液透析患者内瘘的使用寿命。结论 合理护理内瘘在血液透析患者中起着重要作用。     

Persistence of Mammary Artery Branches and Blood Supply to the Left Anterior Descending Artery

Background. Partial harvesting of the left internal mammary artery (LIMA) is a widespread technique used during minimally invasive coronary operations performed through a left anterior small thoracotomy. The influence of persisting LIMA branches was investigated to evaluate their effect on the blood flow of the left anterior descending artery.

Methods. Thirty patients, 15 with totally (group A) and 15 with partially (group B) harvested LIMAs, were evaluated. All the patients underwent postoperative angiography, during which a flow map of the LIMA was performed. The average peak velocity and the diastolic-to-systolic peak velocity ratio were recorded. The LIMA graft flow pattern was recorded in the proximal and distal thirds of the artery. Intramammary adenosine (12 to 14 μg) was injected and the average peak velocities before and after injection were calculated.

Results. The average peak velocity was similar in both groups in the proximal and distal thirds of the LIMA (25 ± 7 and 26 ± 5 cm/sec, respectively, in group A versus 27 ± 5 and 25 ± 5 cm/sec, respectively in group B; p = NS). The diastolic-to-systolic peak velocity ratio was similar proximally (0.78 ± 0.3 in group A versus 0.69 ± 0.3 cm/s in group B; p = NS), but not distally (1.72 ± 0.1 in group A versus 0.97 ± 0.3 in group B; p < 0.0005). The LIMA graft flow reserve was similar both proximally and distally (2.6 ± 0.6 and 2.5 ± 0.3 cm/s, respectively, in group A versus 2.6 ± 0.5 and 2.6 ± 0.3 cm/s, respectively, in group B; p = NS).

Conclusions. The persistence of LIMA branches does not influence the blood flow of the left anterior descending artery after acute adenosine-induced myocardial hyperemia. If a left anterior small thoracotomy is used in left anterior descending artery direct revascularization, complete LIMA harvesting is not mandatory and depends on the personal preference of the surgeon.     

Rupture of an isolated internal iliac artery aneurysm into the rectum: Report of a case

Aneurysmal rupture into the intestinal tract is a rare but disastrous complication of an internal iliac artery aneurysm. We report herein the successful surgical repair of a fistula between a huge aneurysm of the right internal iliac artery and the rectum in an 81-year-old man. After a femoro-femoral cross-over bypass had been performed, the aneurysm was opened and its patent arterial branches were ligated with sutures. The fistula was then intra-aneurysmally sutured and covered with an omental flap. The diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to this severe complication are discussed with a review of the literature following the presentation of this case.     

胫骨pilon骨折手术疗效的相关因素分析

目的探讨影响胫骨pilon骨折手术疗效的相关因素．方法1997年1月～1999年12月．手术治疗32例单侧胫骨pilon骨折．术后16例出现伤口并发症．关节退行性变及关节强直．男13例．女3例；年龄25～55岁，平均36．5岁；坠落伤7例，交通伤5例．砸伤3例．其它损伤1例，开放性骨折6例．均行急诊手术；闭合性骨折10例．伤后至手术时间为2～25d．平均8.1d、根据Ruedi-A1lgower分型．Ⅱ型7例，Ⅲ型9例。7例行切开复位钢板内固定．9例行有限切开固定并辅以石膏托外固定，结果术后随访12～36个月，平均24个月．采用Mazur评分系统评估手术疗效．可6例．其中Ⅱ型4例，Ⅲ型2例：差10例，其中Ⅱ型3例．Ⅲ型7倒术后发生创面不能闭合1例；切口感染4例，2例开放性骨折出现表浅感染．2例闭合性骨折出现深部感染；关节退行性变9例．其中2例出现较严重的踝关节内翻；关节强直11例，结论影响胫骨pilon骨折手术疗效的相关因素有骨折类型、胫骨关节面的复位质量和手术时机的选择、腓目骨折的复位和固定移植骨的填充及钢板支撑固定等因素。