闭角型青光眼小梁切除术后前房延缓形成探讨

目的：本文探讨原发性闭角型青光眼小梁切除术后前房延缓形成的病因及治疗。方法：对原发性闭角型青光眼小梁切除术后发生浅前房者于术后第３ ｄ 给予处理,观察前房延缓形成的情况。结果：本文１５０ 例２０８ 例眼小梁切除术后发生浅前房 １１４ 眼（５４．８％ ）,发生前房延缓形成４０ 眼（１９．２３％ ）。结论：小梁切除术后浅前房适时恰当的处理,可明显减少前房延缓形成的发生。     

晶状体和玻璃体切除术后二期前房型人工晶状体植入

探讨晶状体,玻璃体切除术后二期前房型人工晶状植入的适应证,手术方法和疗效。方法,对我院行晶状体,玻璃体切除术后的２６例,分别在术３月－２年,行前房型人晶状体植入,术后随访６月以上。     

氯地滴眼液对家兔眼压及房角组织影响的研究

目的 观察氯地滴眼液对家兔眼压及房角组织影响。方法 用６０只家兔设实验和对照组,以含０．１７５％氯霉素和０．１５％地塞米松的氯地跟液滴眼,每日４次,生理盐水对照。于１／２、１、２、３月测眼压后处死家兔以电镜观察房角组织变化。结果 眼压和房角组织结构与对照组无明显差异。结论 临床应用氯地眼液３月内是安全的。     

新型弹性襻前房型人工晶体植入术临床分析

为探讨新型弹性襻前房型人工晶体植入的效果,观察了２３例２４只眼。其中老年性白内障１８眼,外伤性白内障６眼。其中包括１３眼行二期植入术。病例随访时间２个月至２年。结果：２４只眼中,１７眼（７０．８３％）视力恢复至４．５或４．５以上,５眼（２０．８３％）恢复至５．０或５．０以上。结论：新型弹性襻前房型人工晶体植入术操作简单,安全、有效     

Biological monitoring of isocyanates and related amines

Summary Five men were exposed to toluene diisocyanate (TDI) atmospheres for 7.5 h. The TDI atmospheres were generated by a gas-phase permeation method, and the exposures were performed in an 8-m3 stainless-steel test chamber. The mean air concentration of TDI was ca. 40 g/m³, which corresponds to the threshold limit value (TLV) of Sweden. The inhaled doses of 2,4- and 2,6-TDI were ca. 120 g. TDI in the test chamber air was determined by an HPLC method using the 9-(N-methyl-aminomethyl)-anthracene reagent and by a continuous-monitoring filter-tape instrument. After hydrolysis of plasma and urine, the related amines, 2,4- and 2,6-toluenediamine 2,4-, and 2,6-TDA), were determined as pentafluoropropionic anhydride (PFPA) derivatives by capillary gas-chromatography using selected ion monitoring (SIM) in the electron-impact mode. The urinary elimination of the TDAs showed a possible biphasic pattern, with rapid first phases for 2,4-TDA (mean t _1/2 for the concentration in urine, 1.9 h) and for 2,6-TDA (mean t _1/2 for the concentration in urine, 1.6 h). The cumulative amount of 2,4-TDA excreted in urine within 28 h ranged from 8% to 14% of the estimated dose of 2,4-TDI, and the cumulative amount of 2,6-TDA in urine ranged from 14% to 18% of the 2,6-TDI dose. The average urinary level of 2,4-TDA was 5 g/l in the 6 to 8-h sample (range 2.8–9.6 g/l), and the corresponding value for 2,6-TDA was 8.6 g/l (range, 5.6–16.6 g/l). Biological monitoring of exposure to 2,4- and 2,6-TDI by analysis of 2,4- and 2,6-TDA in urine is feasible.     

The applicability of the measurement of urinary thioethers

Summary The excretion of thioethers was measured in the urine of 6 volunteers, who were experimentally exposed to styrene, and 18 styrene workers. In addition, 12 clerks (non-smokers) and 12 sheet-metal workers (smokers) served as control groups. Diet was standardized during the experiments. Thioethers were measured by a spectrophotometric method. The volunteers were exposed to styrene, 210 mg/m³, for 2 h at a 50-W workload. An increase in thioether excretion was observed; the largest was in the urine samples collected between 0.5 and 5 h after the end of the exposure. After 43 h the excretion of thioethers was close to the preexposure level (3.5 mmol/mol creatinine). About 1% of the styrene absorbed was detected as thioethers in urine, which is only about 1/10 of the conversion reported for rats. From excretion rate curves a half-life of about 11 h was calculated for styrene thioethers. The styrene workers were employed at two plants. The average exposure to styrene (time-weighted average 8 h) was estimated to be about 115 mg/m3 (smokers in plant A), 55 mg/m³ (non-smokers in plant A) and 10 mg/m³ (non-smokers in plant B). The excretion of thioethers in exposed workers at plant A was higher by 2–4 mmol/mol creatinine than that in non-exposed controls. In plant B, where exposure was lower, an increase in that amount of thioethers excreted in the urine by exposed workers was less pronounced, and was statistically significant only when post-shift samples were compared with pre-shift samples. The results of the present study indicate that control samples should be collected both from non-exposed groups and from the exposed individuals before work shifts, to improve the likelihood of detecting genotoxic exposure in the work environment.     

Cystoid macular edema in anterior chamber lens implantation following posterior capsule rupture

By comparing the incidence of cystoid macular edema (CME) in three groups of patients having different surgical procedures, we attempted to assess the role of vitreous loss as a risk factor for CME development. In the first group (n = 470), the surgical procedure was extracapsular cataract extraction followed by implantation of posterior chamber lens (EC-CE + PC-IOL). The second group (n = 42) had extracapsular cataract extraction which was complicated by posterior capsule rupture, and therefore anterior vitrectomy followed by implantation of anterior chamber lens had to be performed (ECCE + anterior vitrectomy + AC-IOL). In the third group (n = 22) the surgery was intracapsular cataract extraction followed by anterior chamber lens implantation (ICCE + AC-IOL). The third group was included in this follow up study to assess the role of AC-IOL as a possible causative factor for development of CME in uncomplicated cases of ICCE and AC-IOL. The difference of incidences of CME in the second and third group would therefore depend mostly on the vitreous loss. The incidence of CME diagnosed by fluorescein angiography in the first, second and third group was 1.5% (7/470), 35.7% (15/42) and 9.0% (2/22), respectively. All patients who developed CME were treated with combination of corticosteroid-antibiotic drops, dexamethasone retrobulbarly (40 mg/day) and peroral indomethacine (25 mg/day/6 weeks). This therapeutic regime resulted in only moderate improvement of visual acuity.Abbreviations AC-IOL anterior chamber intraocular lens - CME cystoid macular edema - ECCE extracapsular cataract extraction - ICCE intracapsular cataract extraction - IOL intraocular lens - PC-IOL posterior chamber intraocular lens     

青光眼小梁切除手术并发症及预防

目的 探讨青光眼小梁切除引起并发症的相关因素及其预防措施。方法 回顾性分析我院１９９４的９月 ￣１９９４年１２月住院行眼小梁切除术的连续病人５０例共６４只眼,其中３２只眼进行了较长期随访,观察眼压,视力、晶状体和滤枕形态,平均随访期为３５．５７月。结果 近期手术成功率９３．７５％,随着随访时间延长,不加经物控制眼压的有效率降低至４６．８７％,加用眼药后有效率为９６．８８％,术后前房延缓形成的发生率     

小梁切除术对患者角膜内皮细胞的影响

目的分析小梁切除术对青光眼患者角膜内皮细胞的影响及相关因素.方法358例(399只眼)青光眼病例小梁切除术治疗前及治疗后1个月行角膜内皮细胞检查,观察形状和数量的变化.结果小梁切除术未发生浅前房者,周边角膜内皮细胞丢失率为4.5%,中央角膜内皮细胞丢失率为3.0%(P＞0.05).Ⅰ度浅前房,周边丢失率为7.1%,中央丢失率为5.9%(P＞0.05).Ⅱ度浅前房,周边丢失率为9.1%,中央丢失率为6.5%(P＞0.05),差异均无显著性.Ⅲ度浅前房,周边丢失率为54.7%,中央丢失率为45.2%(P＜0.01),差异有显著性.结论青光眼小梁切除术可以造成角膜内皮细胞的损害.而浅前房是其损害的重要原因,尤其是Ⅲ度浅前房.     

青光眼滤过术后浅前房的预防和处理

目的:探讨青光眼滤过性手术浅前房的发生、发展和预防处理。方法:回顾性研究了我院过去102例(112眼),其中急性闭角型青光眼64例(67眼),慢性闭角型青光眼7例(11眼),开角型青光眼26例(29眼),继发性青光眼5例(5眼)的治疗经过。结果:112眼中术后24h有77眼前房形成,占68.8%,发生I型浅前房23眼,II型9眼,III型3眼,共占32.2%,其中5眼分别于术后2～4d变浅。荧光素试验发现结膜切口渗漏者3眼,有较明显睫状体脉络膜脱离5眼,小眼球并发晶状体膨胀2眼,恶性青光眼1眼,均经相应处理后前房恢复。结论:青光眼滤过性手术浅前房的发生率是较高的,但只要加强手术前后的治疗处理,术中仔细操作,多数浅前房是可以预防的,即使发生了浅前房只要处理及时和恰当,预后也是良好的。