放射性核素235U对新生大鼠体格生长的影响

目的 研究＾２３５Ｕ脑内照射对新生儿大鼠生长发育的影响。方法 新生大鼠（〈２４ｈ）于侧脑室单次注入２μｌ不同浓度的＾２３５Ｕ，各组大鼠的浓度分别为０、１、５、１０μｇ，观察α射线对新生大鼠早期生长发育的影响。结果 在研究组中，体重增长的下降最为明显，与对照组相比有显著性差异；脑重／体重的比值、张耳、体毛生长、萌牙时间在各组中无明显差异；而开眼时间、游泳运动在不同剂量照射组中均有延迟，并与剂量相关。结论 新生大鼠脑内照射＾２３５Ｕ后可导致生长发育的迟缓。     

铀促排药物研究——Ⅲ.2,3-二羟基-5-烷氧羰基苄基胺羧酰胺螯合剂的合成

铀化合物在国防和国民经济建设中的重要性及其对人体的危害性日益为人们所知。为此对铀的防护和解毒药物的研究已日益引起各方面的关注,但迄今仍未见找到理想的解毒药物。文献报道钛铁试剂和phosphicine在动物试验对铀化合物的促排效果较好。另外,     

铀促排药物研究——Ⅲ.2,3-二羟基-5-烷氧羰基苄基胺羧酰胺螯合剂的合成

In searching for new chelation therapy drugs against uranium intoxication, a series of N-carboxymethyl-N-(substituted carbamoylmethyl)-2, 3-dihydroxy-5-carboalkyloxybenzylamine was synthesized starting with 2, 3-dihydroxy-5-carboalkyloxybenzylamine diacetic acid. The effect on the elimination of uranium salts from animal bodies was tested. Four of them (Ⅳ_n, Ⅳ_q, Ⅳ_u and Ⅳ_v) were shown to be more effective than tiron or phosphicine in accelerating uranium excretion in rats.     

某退役铀矿山周围居民淋巴细胞微核率分析

目的 调查某退役铀矿山周围居民外周血淋巴细胞微核情况,初步探讨环境因素对微核的影响,为综合治理退役铀矿周围环境提供科学依据。方法 采集100名退役铀矿山周围居民外周静脉血,用常规淋巴细胞微核培养法,检查淋巴细胞微核,进行统计分析。结果 在100名居民中,微核检出率为88.0%,细胞微核率（9.46±6.62）‰、微核细胞率为（8.77±5.92）‰;按性别和年龄分别分组分析得出,细胞微核率和微核细胞率整体随着年龄的增加而增加,但男性和女性增加的速度和幅度在各年龄段稍有不同,男性各组间无明显差异（P>0.05）,女性微核细胞率各组间无明显差异（P>0.05）,细胞微核率各组间差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 该退役铀矿山周围居民外周血淋巴细胞微核检出率、淋巴细胞微核率和微核细胞率远超过国内外报道的本底范围,应对退役铀矿周围环境采取更具针对性的综合治理措施,以确保退役铀矿山周围居民的健康。     

滇西某退役铀矿周边环境放射性水平调查

目的 调查滇西某退役铀矿周边环境的放射性水平,评估其对居民产生的健康风险;方法 通过对退役铀矿周边环境的土壤、农作物、水体样品的采集、制备和高纯锗γ能谱仪分析,给出环境介质中的放射性核素含量;结果 土壤中²³⁸U、²³²Th、²²⁶Ra、⁴⁰K和¹³⁷Cs的比活度均值分别为83.0、85.4、71.4、524和1.27 Bq/kg;鲜茶叶中²³⁸U、²³²Th、²²⁶Ra、⁴⁰K和¹³⁷Cs的比活度均值分别为0.061、0.652、0.650、92.5和0.061Bq/kg;玉米中²³⁸U、²³²Th、²²⁶Ra、⁴⁰K和¹³⁷Cs的比活度均值分别为0.184、0.122、0.302、78.3和0.015 Bq/kg;大白菜中²³⁸U、²³²Th、²²⁶Ra、⁴⁰K和¹³⁷Cs的比活度均值分别为0.090、0.224、0.469、80.0和0.011 Bq/kg;饮用水中²³²Th、²²⁶Ra和⁴⁰K的比活度均值分别为0.146、0.310和2.25 Bq/L,²³⁸U和¹³⁷Cs的比活度低于探测下限。土壤中天然放射性核素所致居民人均外照射年有效剂量为131 μSv/年;结论 退役铀矿周边环境放射性水平在正常本底范围,对居民造成的健康风险较低。     

Nephrotoxicity of uranium in drinking water from private drilled wells

Objectives

To investigate the association between uranium in drinking water from drilled wells and aspects of kidney function measured by sensitive urine tests.

Methods

Three hundred and one of 398 eligible subjects (75.6%) aged 18-74 years with daily drinking water supplies from private drilled wells located in uranium-rich bedrock (exposed group) volunteered to participate along with 153 of 271 local controls (56.4%) who used municipal water. Participants responded to a questionnaire on their water consumption and general health, and provided a morning urine sample and drinking water for analysis.

Results

The uranium content of well water samples (n=153) varied considerably (range <0.20-470 μg/l, median 6.7 μg/l, 5% >100 μg/l), while uranium levels in all samples of municipal water (n=14) were below the limit of quantification (0.2 μg/l). Urinary levels of uranium were more than eight times higher in exposed subjects than in controls (geometric means 38 and 4.3 ng/l, respectively; p<0.001), but their mean urine lead levels were not significantly different. There was a strong curvilinear correlation between uranium in drinking water and in urine (r²=0.66). Levels of albumin, β₂-microglobulin, protein HC as well as kappa and lambda immunoglobulin chains in urine from exposed and controls were similar. The N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase (NAG) activity was significantly lower in the exposed group vs. controls, possibly secondary to differential storage duration of samples from the two groups. Even in regression models adjusting for gender, age and smoking no association of uranium in water and the kidney function parameters was observed. Using uranium in urine in the entire study group as a marker of exposure, however, a tendency of exposure-related increases of β₂-microglobulin, protein HC and kappa chains were noted. This tendency was enhanced after exclusion of subjects with diabetes mellitus from the analysis.

Conclusions

Uranium levels in urine were strongly correlated to levels in drinking water from drilled wells. There were no clear signs of nephrotoxicity from uranium in drinking water at levels recorded in this study, but some indications of an effect were observed using uranium in urine as a measure of overall uranium exposure. The clinical relevance of these findings remains unclear.     

Improvement of a method for the sequential determination of Pb, Ra, and uranium isotopes by LSC and alpha-particle spectrometry

In a previous paper the authors proposed a sequential method for the determination of isotopes of uranium, thorium, radium, and lead from environmental samples using alpha-particle spectrometry and LSC techniques. Although the radiochemical yields were suitable when the assays were performed on synthetic samples, application to real environmental samples caused a major decrease in the radiochemical yield, especially for uranium in inorganic samples (soils). A modification of the procedure is described that overcomes this drawback.     

铀促排药物研究:Ⅳ,N,N′-双-[N-羧甲基-(2,3-二羟基-5-甲氧羰基苄胺乙酰基]-α,ω-二胺的合成

随着核工业的迅速发展,核燃料铀对人类构成了一种潜在威脅。铀在人体脏器内的沉积不但引起损伤,并能诱发肿瘤。关于铀的促排解毒药物,虽有一些报道,但未见在临床应用。作者等曾合成了多个系列新的膦酸类和邻苯二酚类双取代或单取代胺羧酰胺螫合剂,动物试验结果表明其中的大多数排铀效果显著,尤其是邻苯二酚类单取代胺羧酰胺(Ⅰ)中,若干化合物排铀效果远远超过文献报道较多的钛铁试剂和Phosphicine,而且显示了