丙硫咪唑对异盘并殖吸虫皮层及肠上皮作用的扫描电镜观察

将丙硫咪唑按100mg/kg/d×2灌胃治疗大鼠异盘并殖吸虫病。扫描电镜显示虫体皮层明显水肿,尾部塌陷。治疗后第5天口吸盘周围皮层水肿呈棉絮状,腹吸盘周围皮层灶性坏死,尾部尚见肿胀之乳突,肠上皮灶性坏死,片层融合成板状。     

股动脉外膜交感神经网剥脱切除对骨内高压超微结构的影响

目的 探讨股动外膜交感神经网剥脱切除对骨内高压超微结构的影响。方法 30只新西兰纯种大白兔制作成右胫骨上端骨内高压模型,随机分为对照组和实验组,实验组行右股动脉外膜交感神经网剥脱切除术,测量手术前、后两组骨内压值及观察骨髓内超微结构。结果 手术后实验组骨内压值下降明显(P<0.05),骨髓内血窦腔及内皮细胞间隙大小无明显改变,内皮细胞结构、成分及血液成分趋向正常,血窦内血浆无形成分减少。结论 股动脉外膜交感神经网剥脱切除后,血液瘀滞状态有改善,骨内压下降。     

Neuronal vacuole formation in the rat posterior cingulate/retrosplenial cortex after treatment with the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist MK-801 (dizocilpine maleate)

Cytoplasmic vacuoles appear in neurons of the posterior cingulate/retrosplenial cortex (PC/RS) of rats after treatment with N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists. Prominent dilatation of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum has been described within 2 h; however, the ultrastructural features of vacuole formation are unknown. To investigate this, the present study examined the PC/RS cortex of male rats (age 60–70 days) at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min after subcutaneous treatment with 1 mg/kg of the noncompetitive NMDA antagonist MK-801 (dizocilpine maleate, 5-methyl-10, 11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo [a,d] cyclohepten-5,10-imine). Subtle mitochondrial dilatation was identified in a few neurons as early as 15 min postdose (MPD). By 30 MPD, dilatation was more pronounced in mitochondria and also involved the endoplasmic reticulum and perinuclear space. Ribosomal disaggregation and degranulation were also evident by 30 MPD. At all subsequent time points, dilatation of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum progressed in severity. Although the relative involvement of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum varied, glia were not involved. These ultrastructural data suggest that after treatment with MK-801, mitochondrial dilatation precedes involvement of endoplasmic reticulum in vacuolization of susceptible PC/RS cortical neurons. The early mitochondrial effects identified in this study suggest an initial metabolic insult that rapidly progresses to affect endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes. This strengthens the relationship between the ability of certain NMDA antagonists to induce energy perturbations and neuronal vacuoles in the same region of the rat cerebral cortex.     

Structural and ultrastructural characteristics of human pineal gland,and pineal parenchymal tumors

We have studied 20 pineal parenchymal tumors (PPT) and 4 normal or cystic pineal glands both by light and electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry with antibodies against glial markers [glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and protein S-100] or neural/neuroendocrine markers [neurofilaments (NF), synaptophysin and chromogranin A]. Light microscopy revealed the cellular organization of pinealocytes in the normal gland and in different morphological types of pineal tumors (typical pineocytomas, PPT with intermediate differentiation, mixed PPT exhibiting elements of both pineocytoma and pineoblastoma and pineoblastomas). Immunohistochemistry showed the presence of GFAP and protein S-100 in interstitial cells in nonneoplastic pineal gland. Cell processes were labeled with anti-synaptophysin and anti-NF antibodies. No immunoreactivity was found for chromogranin A in non-neoplastic pineal gland. In pineocytomas, GFAP and protein S-100 were observed in interstitial cells. Synaptophysin and NF were present in the large rosettes of pineocytomas. Synaptophysin, NF and chromogranin A were present in pineocytomas with a lobular arrangement of cells. Anti-chromogranin A immuno-reactivity was also seen in lobular areas of some PPT with intermediate differentiation. Analysis of normal human pineal gland by electron microscopy showed the presence of vesicle-crowned rodlets (VCR or synaptic ribbons), fibrous filaments (F), paired twisted filaments but few dense-core vesicles (DCV) in normal pinealocytes. Tumoral pineal cells appeared to differentiate either towards a neurosensory pathway characterized by the presence of sensory cells elements (VCR and F), or towards a neuroendocrine pathway, with the occurrence of many DCV. Immunogold labeling demonstrated the presence of chromogranin A in neurosecretory granules.Supported by grants from the Région Rhône Alpes and from INSERM (CJF 90-10)     

An electron microscopic study of local anesthetic-induced skeletal muscle fiber degeneration and regeneration in the monkey

An electron microscopic study was done on abductor pollicis brevis muscles of 18 Rhesus monkeys after intramuscular injections of 0.75% bupivacaine, 2% mepivacaine, or 2% lidocaine + epinephrine. The muscles were examined for from 2 h to 28 days. Severe muscle fiber damage, consisting of breakdown of sarcolemma and myofibrils, was seen as early as 2 h. Phagocyte mediated fragmentation of the degenerating muscle fibers was at its peak during the third and fourth days. Myoblasts were abundant during the fourth day. Early myotubes appeared on the fifth and sixth days, and they matured during the second week. Satellite cells appeared alongside mature myotubes. Overall, the local anesthetic-induced breakdown and regeneration of skeletal muscle fibers in the monkey followed a course quite similar to that seen in the rat.     

嗅神经母细胞瘤的临床病理及超微结构观察

本文报道了12例嗅神经母细胞瘤的临床病理及其中2例的超微结构特点。光镜观察结果,12例均可见细胞之间由细胞突起形成的嗜酸性背景,有4例可见Flexner菊形团、7例见Homer-Wright菊形团(其中3例同时存在Flexner菊形团);电镜观察结果,细胞具有轴突样和树突样突起,胞体及突起内含微管、神经细丝及神经分泌颗粒,细胞突起之间见突触样的连接。作者并对该瘤的诊断问题进行了探讨。     

三硝基甲苯对雄性小鼠生殖系统生理机能的影响

目的 研究三硝基甲苯对雄性小鼠生殖系统生理机能的影响。方法 将40只小鼠随机分为4组：三硝基甲苯35、70、140mg／kg为实验组和对照组，灌胃染毒。30d后电镜观察小鼠睾丸的超微结构。结果 三硝基甲苯染毒性小鼠睾丸的超微结构出现病理学改变，70、140mg／kg染毒组比35mg／kg组变化明显。结论 三硝基甲苯对雄性小鼠生殖系生理机能有损伤。     

组织工程颅骨缺损修复过程中超微结构观察

目的 用组织工程骨修复SD大鼠颅骨极量骨缺损，并在透射电镜下观察骨修复过程中成骨细胞、血管内皮细胞与陶瓷支架的关系。方法 14只雄性SD大鼠，随机分成实验组和对照组，每组7只。取左侧腔、股骨骨髓，体外诱导培养骨髓基质细胞。实验组将已分化的成骨细胞与含孔磷酸钙陶瓷复合用于修复大鼠自体颅骨极量骨缺损；对照组颅骨缺损处仅置入无细胞的陶瓷材料。分别于术后4、8、12、16、20、24及28周每组各处死1只动物取材，制成脱钙超薄切片，透射电镜下观察成骨细胞、血管内皮细胞与陶瓷残余支架的关系。结果 实验组动物颅骨修复12周前成骨细胞或成骨细胞样细胞毗邻新生小血管、血管内皮细胞存在，16周后成骨细胞转变为骨细胞，并围绕血管被包埋于骨基质及胶原纤维中；陶瓷残余与新生骨间有一条明显的钙化沉积带，大量胶原纤维已伸入到陶瓷支架的纳米级结构中。对照组陶瓷中央部位有大量小血管及血管内皮细胞增生，其周围多为幼稚成纤维细胞，无成骨细胞与血管内皮细胞的依附关系。结论 新型含孔磷酸钙陶瓷作为组织工程细胞支架，其间的纳米级结构有利于骨的再生和血管形成；未见来源于植骨床血管的内皮细胞衍变为成骨细胞。     

Esthesioneuroblastoma: a nasal catecholamine-producing tumor of neural crest origin

Summary An esthesioneuroblastoma in a 16-year-old male was studied ultrastructurally and immunohistochemically, using antiserum against tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), a rate-limiting enzyme in the catecholamine-synthesizing pathway. Tumor cells were fairly uniform in appearance, showing scantly cosinophilic cytoplasm and round to oval hyperchromatic nuclei, and were arranged in nests and cords of various sizes. Ultrastructurally, individual tumor cells had well-developed cell organelles including polyribosomes, microtubules, intermediate filaments, centrioles, Golgi apparatus and mitochondria. Secretory-like granules were occasionally found, predominantly in the cell processes. Immunohistochemically, many tumor cells were shown to be immunoreactive for TH. This finding strongly suggested that the present tumor was capable of producing catecholamines and that it might be derived from certain sympathetic neuronal cell nests in the superior nasal cavity.     

Substance P-like immunoreactive fibres in the ventromedial mesencephalic tegmentum of rat

The distribution and morphology of the substance P-like immunoreactive (SP-IR) fibres and terminals in the rat ventromedial mesencephalic tegmentum (VMT) were studied using qualitative and quantitative immunohistochemical methods at light and electron microscopic levels. All five component nuclei of the VMT were examined and the size, number and density of immunoreactive terminals determined. The SP-IR fibres were distributed heterogeneously within the VMT. Under the electron microscope, SP-IR axon terminals contained both clear and dense-cored vesicles and made both symmetrical and asymmetrical synapses. The ultrastructure of the SP-IR terminals appeared to differ between nuclei. Small, clear vesicle terminals made symmetrical synaptic junctions with small calibre dendrites in the paranigral nucleus while large, clear and dense-cored vesicle terminals made asymmetrical junctions with somata and large calibre dendrites in the interfascicular nucleus. Quantitative differences between the VMT nuclei were also seen in the density of SP-IR terminals, the paranigral nucleus contained the highest density and the rostral linear nucleus the lowest. A comparison between the number of SP-IR terminals and the total number of axon terminals in the VMT reveals that the majority of all terminals in the paranigral nucleus were SP-IR, as well as the majority of axosomatic synapses in the interfascicular nucleus. These regional differences in the SP-IR innervation suggest that substance P and related peptides may perform several specific functions within the VMT and therefore have a more variable influence on this region than was previously thought.