老年人与青年人皮肤血流量比较研究

目的 判定增龄对皮肤血流量的影响。方法 用PIM2-LDPI检测皮肤血流量。结果 老年组前额、左手指背、命门穴部位皮肤血流量分别为:(1.94±0.86)V,(1.92±0.52)V和(0.71±0.19)V,与青年组比较差异无显著性。但是,老年男性在命门穴的皮肤血流量明显高于青年男性(P<0.05),老年女性前额的皮肤血流量明显降低(P<0.01)。男性比女性的皮肤血流量高。结论 皮肤血流量的差异无年龄相关性,男性组的皮肤血流量比女性组高。     

应用激光显微分离技术在骨肉瘤组织原位筛选噬菌体肽库

目的将激光显微分离(laser capture microdissection, LCM) 技术应用于噬菌体表面呈现肽库的筛选过程,建立一种可以直接在天然组织中筛选肽库的方法。方法将新鲜人骨肉瘤组织块在噬菌体肽库溶液振荡孵育后制成组织冰冻切片,免疫组化染色检测噬菌体在组织中的浸润扩散。改进常规LCM切片处理方法,以冻干法替代酒精/二甲苯法脱水,以期在LCM操作过程中提高切片上噬菌体的存活率。LCM法分离摄取骨肉瘤切片上的肿瘤靶细胞,转染回收这些细胞上特异结合的噬菌体。滴定法检测所筛选的噬菌体对特异性细胞的亲和力。结果利用LCM技术,可以由肿瘤冰冻切片上收集到足够的与特异性噬菌体短肽,应用于噬菌体表面呈现肽库筛选。经过3轮筛选后所获得的噬菌体与人骨肉瘤组织的特异性亲和力提高16倍。结论本研究首次将LCM技术应用于噬菌体表面呈现肽库的筛选,可以使我们直接在新鲜人肿瘤组织中筛选与特定细胞群甚至单个细胞亲合的短肽;同时又避免了天然组织中其他杂质细胞的污染,为研制细胞特异性导向载体提供了一个新的途径。     

Q开关Nd:YAG激光不同波长治疗面部毛细血管扩张疗效比较

目的：观察Q开关Nd：YAG激光不同波长治疗面部毛细血管扩张的疗效及副反应。方法：128例病人按治疗波长随机分为532nm组75例，585nm组53例，治疗光斑2．0mm，能量密度2．2-6．8J／cm。，脉宽10ns；术后3个月根据术前照片判定疗效，标准分为Ⅳ级。结果：治疗次数1-4次，间隔时间3-5个月，两组共治愈71例(55，47％)，疗效与治疗次数成正相关。其中532nm组治愈36例(48．00％)，平均治愈次数2．64次；585nm组治愈35例(66．04％，)，平均治愈次数2．40次，两组痊愈率及副反应差异无显性。结论：Q开关Nd:YAG激光倍频532／nm和585nm两种波长对密度较低、直径较细的面部毛细血管扩张均有可靠疗效，术后除色素沉着发生较高外，其他不良反应较少。     

半导体激光透巩膜睫状体光凝治疗难治性青光眼

目的 :评价利用半导体激光透巩膜睫状体光凝治疗难治性青光眼的效果。方法 :对 34例难治性青光眼患眼进行 810nm半导体激光的透巩膜睫状体光凝 ,能量为 15 0 0～ 2 2 5 0mW ,时间为 2秒 ,范围 180°～ 2 70° ,观察 3～ 6个月的治疗效果。结果 :治疗前眼压为 5 1mmHg± 3 7mmHg ( 2 4～ 5 9mmHg) ,经过第一次治疗后的眼压是 18mmHg± 2 1mmHg ( 12～ 35mmHg)(P <0 0 1) ,最后统计的眼压是 17± 1 6mmHg ( 13～ 31mmHg) (P <0 0 1)。并发症主要是前房的炎症反应 ,在 2W左右消失。结论 :透巩膜半导体激光睫状体光凝是治疗难治性青光眼的一种有效的方法 ,而且操作方便 ,患者痛苦小。     

裂解色谱与裂解质谱对高分子分析的评价

本文报导了在日立 M-80型气相色谱/质谱仪上装上CDS Pyroprobe 100型裂解器,组成既能做裂解色谱/质谱(Py-GC/MS),又能做裂解质谱(Py-MS)的分析裂解系统,通过对一系列的高分子裂解试验,评价了二者的性能。     

准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术治疗近视眼的临床分析

目的:评价准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术(LASIK)治疗轻、中、高度及超高度近视的预测性、稳定性及安全性.方法:使用Technolas 217 C准分子激光治疗仪及Hansatome微型角膜板层刀对4 000只近视及近视散光眼行LASIK手术.根据术前近视程度,将有2年随访结果的1 148只眼分3组:Ⅰ组-1.00～-6.00 D(等值球镜,下同)462眼;Ⅱ组-6.25～-10.00 D 466眼;Ⅲ组-10.25～-15.00 D 220眼.结果:1 148只眼术后2年裸眼视力≥1.0(或≥术前最佳矫正视力)在Ⅰ组为97.8％,Ⅱ组为93.8％,Ⅲ组为90.5％,裸眼视力≥0.5(或比术前最佳矫正视力下降少于等于2行)在Ⅰ组为100％,Ⅱ组为96.4％,Ⅲ组为94.0％;剩余屈光度在Ⅰ组为(-0.24±0.31)D,Ⅱ组为(-0.55±0.63)D,Ⅲ组为(-1.17±0.75)D;无1眼最佳矫正视力下降2行以上.4 000只眼术中游离瓣及不完全瓣、不规则瓣发生率0.13％,上皮植入发生率0.18％,术后眼压轻度升高发生率0.48％,无严重并发症发生.结论:LASIK治疗-15.00 D以下轻、中、高度及超高度近视眼均可获得较好疗效,具有较好的安全性、可预测性及稳定性.     

低能量血管内激光照射治疗脑损伤的免疫功能变化与研究

本文对49例接受低能全血管内激光照射治（ILIB）的脑损伤病人的免疫功能改变进行研究．研究显示，低能量血管内激光照射疗法可明显改善免疫状态和免疫反应水平，增强免疫功能和机体抗感染能力．     

Acute response of the arterial wall to pulsed laser irradiation

This study was designed to examine the acute response of normal arterial wall to pulsed laser irradiation. Irradiation with an Excimer or a Holmium YAG laser was performed in 15 normal iliac sites of 8 male New Zealand white rabbits. The excimer laser was operated at 308 nm, 25 Hz, 50 mj/mm²/pulse, and 135 nsec/pulse and the Ho:YAG laser was operated at 2.1 μm, 3.5 Hz, 400 mj/ pulse, 250 μsec/pulse. The excimer and Ho:YAG laser were coupled into a multifiber wire-guided catheter of 1.4 and 1.5 mm diameter, respectively. The mean luminal diameter increased similarly from 2.01 ± 0.29 to 2.46 ± 0.27 mm (P < 0.0005) and from 2.09 ± 0.53 to 2.45 ± 0.30 mm (P < 0.005) after excimer and Ho:YAG laser irradiation, respectively. Perforation occurred in 3 of 15 Ho:YAG irradiated sites and 0 of 15 excimer laser irradiated sites. The sites irradiated with excimer or Ho:YAG laser had similar histologic features, consisting of shedding of the endothelium, disorganization of internal elastic lamina, localized necrosis of vascular smooth muscle cells, and fissures in the medial layer. However, the sites irradiated with excimer laser had lower grading scores than those irradiated with the Ho:YAG laser (P<0.05). Irradiation with excimer or Ho:YAG laser of normal arteries results in: (1) vasodilation of the irradiated artery; (2) localized mechanical vascular injury, and (3) Ho:YAG laser induces more severe damage to the arterial wall than excimer. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Effects of decentralization on the levels of GAP-43 and p38 (synaptophysin) in sympathetic adrenergic neurons: a semi-quantitative study using immunofluorescence and confocal laser scanning microscopy

The distribution of GAP-43 in superior cervical ganglion (SCG) and iris were studied in normal animals and following decentralization using immunofluorescence and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). GAP-43-like immunoreactivity (LI) was compared with p38 (synaptophysin)-LI, and tyrosin hydroxylase (TH)-LI. In the control SCG, GAP-43-LI and p38-LI were mainly localized in nerve terminals around the principal neurons. The neuronal perikarya were negative for GAP-43, but positive for p38 in a perinuclear zone, as well as positive for TH. SIF cells (Small Intensely Fluorescent cells, ganglionic interneurons) were positive for GAP-43, TH and p38. One day after decentralization, GAP-43-LI and p38-LI in nerve terminals around principal neurons had disappeared. Some of the principal neurons showed a weak GAP-43-immunoreactivity. Three days post-decentralization, GAP-43- and p38-positive nerve terminals around the neurons had reappeared in considerable numbers and the intra-ganglionic nerve bundles were positive for both antibodies. In the control irides, GAP-43-LI and p38-LI were distributed in a varicose pattern in the nerve bundles, around blood vessels and in the network of terminals. Double labelling studies showed that GAP-43-LI was colocalized with TH-LI and p38-LI. The network of terminals in the dilator plate of the irides was quantified by measuring the fluorescence intensity of randomly selected areas, using CLSM. Three days after decentralization the intensity of GAP-43-LI and p38-LI had significantly increased. TH-LI had decreased 8 days after decentralization. The results indicate that GAP-43-LI and p38-LI are normally present in the nerve fibers and terminals of both pre- and post-ganglionic neurons in adult rats. The expression of GAP-43-LI and p38-LI in post-ganglionic neurons is preganglionically regulated, as indicated by the increased expression after decentralization. The expression of p38 in these neurons is probably regulated via mechanisms that are separate from those which regulate GAP-43, since it showed a different time course than that of GAP-43-LI.     

Chemical and enzymatic treatment of endothelin

Endothelin-1 (ET), the most potent vasoconstrictor yet discovered, is a peptide containirig 21 amino acids with two intrachain disulfide bridges. With the aim of obtaining two-chain derivatives, Et was submitted to chemical and enzymatic treatments. Reaction of ET with CNBr in 70% HCOOH gave, in addition to the expected [Hse⁷ lactone]-7,8-seco-ET and unreacted material, a by-product whose molecular weight was 25 m.u. greater than that of ET. When the reaction mixture, after lyophilisation, was immediately quenched with NH3-saturated dry MeOH, two products could be recovered in a 5:1 ratio, both obtained by nucleophilic attack of the homoserine lactone: the expected [Hse⁷-NH₂]-7,8-seco-ET and [Hse⁷]ET, resulting from competitive intramolecular reaction of the deprotonated α-amino group of the Asp⁸ residue. The Lys⁹-Glu¹⁰ bond turned out to be very resistant to enzymatic attack both by Lys-C-endopeptidase and trypsin. The 9,10-seco-ET derivative could be obtained by treatment with Lys-C-endopeptidase only by using a high enzyme/ET ratio and after a prolonged incubation time. Cleavage of the Lys⁹-Glu¹⁰ bond could not be achieved by treatment with trypsin, even with a high enzyme/substrate ratio. The main product was 13, 14-seco-ET, deriving from the action of chymotripsin (present as an impurity in the trypsin preparation) on Tyr¹³. The structure of these peptides was confirmed by amino-acid sequence analysis and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (FAB-MS). Nicking of the ET structure at different positions had different impact on the biological properties of the resulting derivatives. © Munksgaard 1995.