基于FAERS的地舒单抗安全警戒信号挖掘与评价

基于FAERS数据库挖掘安全警戒信号,分析评估地舒单抗潜在不良反应信号,为其临床使用提供一定参考依据。方法 通过Openvigil 2.1访问 FAERS 数据库,将地舒单抗作为主要药物,检索自该药首次上市时间（2010年5月—2021年9月）的数据,获得与地舒单抗相关的不良事件报告记录。使用报告比值比法（ROR）和贝叶斯置信度递进神经网络法（BCPNN）筛选地舒单抗安全警戒信号,挖掘潜在的不良反应,并通过工具BioPortal对不良事件信号挖掘结果进行系统分类,通过判断信号间置信区间的变化,发现与药物不良事件关联性较大的信号。结果 从FAERS数据库中收集到270503份不良反应事件（ADE）报告,根据ROR法和BCPNN法共得到343个不良事件信号,通过信号间同义合并、剔除与药物无关的信号后,得到316个不良事件信号。地舒单抗的不良事件系统分类主要为肌肉骨骼和结缔组织疾病、医学检查、胃肠道疾病。FAERS数据库的信号挖掘结果发现,高风险且说明书中未收录的安全警戒信号包括颞下颌关节综合征、下颌脓肿、雌激素缺乏症、血液甲状旁腺激素增加,计算高风险信号的置信区间显示颞下关节综合征较有可能发展成为新的不良反应;另外,也发现种植体周围炎为具有临床意义的可疑警戒信号,但有待进一步观察研究。结论 基于FAERS数据库的信号挖掘结果提示临床应规范使用地舒单抗,治疗期间需警惕患者是否出现颞下颌关节综合征、下颌脓肿、雌激素缺乏症、血液甲状旁腺激素增加等不良反应事件,以便尽早发现尽早处理,从而有效降低临床用药风险     

Preservation and redirection of HPV16E7-specific T cell receptors for immunotherapy of cervical cancer

Human papilloma virus (HPV) type 16 infections of the genital tract are associated with the development of cervical cancer (CxCa) in women. HPV16-derived oncoproteins E6 and E7 are expressed constitutively in these lesions and might therefore be attractive candidates for T-cell-mediated adoptive immunotherapy. However, the low precursor frequency of HPV16E7-specific T cells in patients and healthy donors hampers routine isolation of these cells for adoptive transfer. To overcome this problem, we have isolated T cell receptor (TCR) genes from four different HPV16E7-specific healthy donor and patient-derived human cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) clones. We examined whether genetic engineering of peripheral blood-derived CD8+ T cells in order to express HPV16E711-20-specific TCRs is feasible for adoptive transfer purposes. Reporter cells (Jurkat/MA) carrying a transgenic TCR were shown to bind relevant but not irrelevant tetramers. Moreover, these TCR-transgenic Jurkat/MA cells showed reactivity towards relevant target cells, indicating proper functional activity of the TCRs isolated from already available T cell clones. We next introduced an HPV16E711-20-specific TCR into blood-derived, CD8+ recipient T cells. Transgenic CTL clones stained positive for tetramers presenting the relevant HPV16E711-20 epitope and biological activity of the TCR in transduced CTL was confirmed by lytic activity and by interferon (IFN)-gamma secretion upon antigen-specific stimulation. Importantly, we show recognition of the endogenously processed and HLA-A2 presented HPV16E711-20 CTL epitope by A9-TCR-transgenic T cells. Collectively, our data indicate that HPV16E7 TCR gene transfer is feasible as an alternative strategy to generate human HPV16E7-specific T cells for the treatment of patients suffering from cervical cancer and other HPV16-induced malignancies.     

Differential regulation of cytokine genes in gingival epithelial cells challenged by Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis

IL-8 mRNA in human gingival epithelial cells (HGECs) is up-regulated by Fusobacterium nucleatum, and up-/down-regulated by Porphyromonas gingivalis in a complex interaction in the early stages (< or = 4 h) after infection. The mechanisms involved in this regulation in response to F. nucleatum and/or P. gingivalis infection, and identification of co-regulated cytokine genes, are the focus of this investigation. Heat, formalin or protease treatment of F. nucleatum cells attenuated the IL-8 mRNA up-regulation. NF-kappaB, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38 and MAPK kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK/ERK) pathways were involved in IL-8 mRNA induction by F. nucleatum. Pretreatment of P. gingivalis with heat, formalin or protease enhanced IL-8 mRNA induction. NF-kappaB, MARK p38, and MEK/ERK pathways were also involved in this induction. In contrast, down-regulation of IL-8 mRNA by P. gingivalis involved MEK/ERK, but not NF-kappaB or MAPK p38 pathways. cDNA arrays analysis revealed that mRNA down-regulation by P. gingivalis is a specific reaction that only a number of genes, e.g. IL-1beta, IL-8, macrophage inflammatory protein-2alpha, and migration inhibitory factor-related protein-14, are affected based on examination of 278 cytokine/receptor genes. These data indicate that F. nucleatum and P. gingivalis trigger specific and differential gene regulation pathways in HGECs.     

Gαq/11介导的信号转导通路在自发性高血压大鼠主动脉中的变化

目的:观察自发性高血压大鼠 (SHR)主动脉Gαq/11及磷脂酶C(PLC)的动态变化,探讨其在SHR高血压发病机制中的意义。方法:4周龄和12周龄SHR,颈动脉插管记录动脉血压,放免法测定血浆血管紧张素Ⅱ的浓度,免疫印迹法检测主动脉组织Gαq/11和PLC的含量。结果:SHR12周龄时动脉血压明显增高。4周龄SHR主动脉Gαq/11的表达较对照高 69.2 % (P <0.05)。4周龄和12周龄SHR主动脉PLCβ₃分别较各自同龄对照组高66.9%和 85.1% (P <0.05)。结论:Gαq/11介导的信号转导通路上调参与SHR高血压的发生和发展.     

CD5 (OKT1) augments CD3-mediated intracellular signaling events in human T lymphocytes

CD5 is expressed on thymocytes, all mature T cells, and a subset of mature B cells, and probably contributes to T-cell–B-cell adhesion. We assessed whether CD5-crosslinking by mAb augments T-cell stimulation. Plate-bound anti-CD5 or anti-CD3 mAb alone had no effect on any of the assessed activation parameters of resting T cells. However, concomitant signaling through both CD5 and CD3 by plate-bound antibodies resulted in marked increases in T-cell surface CD69 expression and T-cell metabolism, as assessed by the T cell's ability to reduce 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxylmethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulphophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) to formazen. In addition, simultaneous cross-linking of CD5 and CD3 caused a significant (p < 0.001) increase in phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis in resting T cells compared to stimulation with anti-CD3 mAb alone or anti-CD3 mAb plus anti-CD5 isotype control antibody. These results indicate that CD5 augments signaling through CD3 and consequently functions as a costimulatory molecule for resting T cells.     

心力衰竭大鼠左室组织Gq蛋白-肌醇磷脂途径的变化及苯那普利的干预作用

目的： 观察慢性心力衰竭大鼠左室组织中Gq蛋白-肌醇磷脂途径的变化，以阐明该信号转导通路在心力衰竭发病中的作用。 方法: SD大鼠分为3组：对照组、心衰组和苯那普利干预组。心衰组大鼠腹腔注射阿霉素累积剂量达 20 mg·kg^-1 BW 制作慢性心力衰竭模型，苯那普利组大鼠腹腔注射阿霉素同时给予苯那普利 10 mg·kg^-1·d^-1。4周后大鼠经颈内动脉插管至左心室行血流动力学测定，心肌组织中Gαq/11蛋白表达采用Western印迹法，磷脂酶C活性测定采用酶水解同位素底物法。 结果: 心衰组大鼠左室压力最大上升速率（+dp/dt_max）和最大下降速率（-dp/dt_max）均显著低于对照组，其左室组织中Gαq/11蛋白表达、基础磷脂酶C活性和GTPγS刺激后磷脂酶C活性均显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。苯那普利组大鼠±dp/dt_max均显著低于对照组但高于心衰组(P<0.05)，其左室组织中Gαq/11蛋白表达、基础磷脂酶C活性和GTPγS刺激后磷脂酶C活性均显著低于心衰组但高于对照组(P<0.01)。结论: 心力衰竭大鼠左室组织中Gq蛋白-肌醇磷脂途径活性显著升高，该信号通路的过度活化可能在心衰的发生中起到一定的作用,ACEI类药物苯那普利可部分逆转心衰大鼠左室组织中Gq蛋白-肌醇磷脂途径的激活。     

高三尖杉酯碱对HL60细胞凋亡的影响及机制的研究

目的:研究高三尖杉酯碱对HL60细胞凋亡的影响及其机制。方法:运用高三尖杉酯碱作用HL60细胞后撤药实验筛选其诱导HL60细胞凋亡启动时相,流式细胞和免疫组化技术检测高三尖杉酯碱诱导HL60细胞凋亡启动时相凋亡信号分子Bcl-2、Bax、Fas/FasL、caspase-3、ERK2和p38的表达状况。结果:在高三尖杉酯碱诱导HL60细胞凋亡启动时相,Bcl-2表达降低,Bax表达增高,Bcl-2/Bax比值降低,ERK2表达减低,p38表达增加,caspase-3表达增加,Fas/FasL分子的表达无显著变化。结论:Bcl-2、Bax、MAPK途径和caspase-3参与高三尖杉酯碱启动HL60细胞凋亡的信号转导。     

Altered splenic B cell subset development in mice lacking phosphoinositide 3-kinase p85alpha

The signaling enzyme phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) is activated following B cell receptor (BCR) engagement and by many other receptors on B lymphocytes. Mice lacking p85alpha, the predominant PI3K regulatory isoform, exhibit defects in B cell development and activation that are grossly similar to those found in mice lacking Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) and other critical signaling molecules. However, a detailed analysis of splenic B cell subsets in p85alpha-deficient mice has not been reported. Here we show that these mice are deficient in four major B cell subsets: transitional-1, transitional-2, follicular and marginal zone. These defects are distinct from those observed in Xid mice that express a mutant Btk unable to interact with PI3K lipid products. Moreover, mice with both genetic lesions exhibit even greater impairment in B cell development. Finally, we show that transgenic expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 in p85alpha-deficient mice restores the transitional B cell subsets but not the marginal zone subset, and produces a follicular population with an aberrant phenotype. These findings establish a role for PI3K-p85alpha in differentiation of both follicular and marginal zone B cells, and suggest that these functions are required not solely for the propagation of anti-apoptotic signals.     

MKK4 and metastasis suppression: a marriage of signal transduction and metastasis research

MAP kinase kinase 4 (MKK4) is a member of the stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK) signaling cascade and is involved in the regulation of many cellular processes. We have recently demonstrated a functional role for MKK4 in the suppression of metastases. In this review, we discuss the established cellular and biochemical functions of MKK4, as well as a new function for MKK4 as a metastasis suppressor gene. Because of the importance of signaling studies to this translational work, a detailed example of the strategy and tools that can be employed to define the biochemical mechanism of MKK4-mediated metastasis suppression is presented. Finally, the potential therapeutic utility of these findings is discussed.