Changes in the telocyte/CD34+ stromal cell and α-SMA+ myoid cell networks in human testicular seminoma

Telocytes (TCs), also known as CD34+ stromal/interstitial cells, have recently been identified within the connective tissue of a variety of organs including the normal human testis. Testicular TCs appear to constitute a widespread reticular network distributed either in the peritubular or in the intertubular stromal spaces where they have been suggested to play different roles, such as participation to testis morphogenesis, postnatal preservation of the normal tissue/organ three-dimensional structure, and regulation of spermatogenesis and androgen hormone secretion and release. Although increasing evidence indicates that TCs may be involved in the pathophysiology of various diseases, no study has yet reported possible changes in these cells within the stromal compartment of seminoma, one of the most frequent malignant testicular cancers in humans. Therefore, here we carried out the first investigation of the presence and tissue distribution of TCs/CD34+ stromal cells in human testicular seminoma in comparison with normal human testis using either CD34 immunohistochemistry or CD34/CD31 and CD34/α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) double immunofluorescence analyses. In seminoma tissue sections, we observed an overall loss of TCs (CD34+/CD31− stromal cells) accompanying a severe degeneration of the normal architecture of seminiferous tubules and stromal tissue associated with dense cellularity increase and presence of interstitial fibrosis. Noteworthy, in the seminoma tissue the disappearance of TCs was paralleled by an expansion of α-SMA+ myoid cells. Moreover, the CD34+/CD31+ blood vessel network was greatly expanded, while steroidogenic Leydig cells were undetectable in seminoma specimens. Since TCs are emerging as important regulators of tissue and organ homeostasis, collectively the present findings indicate that the possible pathophysiologic implications of the loss of TCs in human testicular seminoma should not be further overlooked.     

睾丸精原细胞瘤合并成熟性囊性畸胎瘤超声诊断1例

患者,男,27岁,未婚,发现右侧阴囊无痛性包块1年余来我院检查。超声显示:右侧阴囊内未见明显正常的睾丸组织,被两个较大的肿物所取代(图1),近上极者大3·5cm×3·0cm×3·4cm,边缘欠规整,内回声欠均匀,以低回声为主,内见小的透声区。CDFI:肿块内部血流信号较丰富,分布紊乱。PW:V     

17α-羟化酶/17,20碳链裂解酶缺陷症合并睾丸精原细胞肿瘤一例的临床和分子遗传学分析

目的 通过1例17α-羟化酶/17,20碳链裂解酶缺陷症（17-OHD）合并睾丸精原细胞瘤患者的临床及分子生物学研究,并结合文献复习该病的发病机理.方法 患者21岁,社会性别女性,临床诊断17-OHD.收集患者的临床资料、生化检查、影像学检查、病理结果.取患者外周血白细胞,提取基因组DNA,聚合酶链反应（PCR）扩增CYP17A1基因的8个外显子及其内含子的边界,并通过测序确定突变位点和性质.结果 患者临床表现、实验室检查、内分泌功能试验、影像学检查、病理等符合17-OHD合并睾丸精原细胞肿瘤的诊断.CYP17A1 基因序列分析发现该患者携带CPY17A1基因为复合杂合突变,分别为第8外显子缺失3个氨基酸（D487～F489）和第6外显子第329密码子TAC→AA,致成其后的移码突变,并提前产生一终止密码子（418TGA）.结论 通过该患者临床诊治,使我们对该疾病的认识进一步加深;通过CYP17A1基因突变分析,从分子遗传学方面证实患者的诊断.     

Radiotherapy treatment planning for testicular seminoma

Virtually all patients with Stage I testicular seminoma are cured regardless of postorchiectomy management. For patients treated with adjuvant radiotherapy, late toxicity is a major concern. However, toxicity may be limited by radiotherapy techniques that minimize radiation exposure of healthy normal tissues. This article is an evidence-based review that provides radiotherapy treatment planning recommendations for testicular seminoma. The minority of Stage I patients who choose adjuvant treatment over surveillance may be considered for (1) para-aortic irradiation to 20 Gy in 10 fractions, or (2) carboplatin chemotherapy consisting of area under the curve, AUC = 7 × 1-2 cycles. Two-dimensional radiotherapy based on bony anatomy is a simple and effective treatment for Stage IIA or IIB testicular seminoma. Centers with expertise in vascular and nodal anatomy may consider use of anteroposterior-posteroanterior fields based on three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy instead. For modified dog-leg fields delivering 20 Gy in 10 fractions, clinical studies support placement of the inferior border at the top of the acetabulum. Clinical and nodal mapping studies support placement of the superior border of all radiotherapy fields at the top of the T12 vertebral body. For Stage IIA and IIB patients, an anteroposterior-posteroanterior boost is then delivered to the adenopathy with a 2-cm margin to the block edge. The boost dose consists of 10 Gy in 5 fractions for Stage IIA and 16 Gy in 8 fractions for Stage IIB. Alternatively, bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin chemotherapy for 3 cycles or etoposide and cisplatin chemotherapy for 4 cycles may be delivered to Stage IIA or IIB patients (e.g., if they have a horseshoe kidney, inflammatory bowel disease, or a history of radiotherapy).     

Role of radiotherapy in organ-sparing treatment of seminoma

Radical orchiectomy is the standard treatment for patients with seminoma. In both bilateral and unilateral testicular cancer, this therapy results in infertility, permanent androgen replacement treatment and significant psychological problems stemming from castration. Given that most patients with germinal cell tumours are long-term survivors, quality of life is becoming more and more relevant in therapeutic decision-making. We present a case of metachronous bilateral seminoma treated with tumour enucleation and adjuvant local radiotherapy. We also provide a review of the literature on the role of radiotherapy in organ sparing.     

Seminoma – a unique case of tumor located in the head of epididymis

We report a very rare case of tumor in the head of left epididymis without localized primary foci of tumor in the testis.     

睾丸精原细胞瘤124例临床分析

目的探讨睾丸精原细胞瘤的治疗和预后之间的关系。方法回顾性分析山东省肿瘤防治研究院１９６３年７月～１９９５年１１月收治的精原细胞瘤患者１２４例,其中,Ⅰ期精原细胞瘤患者仅做精索高位结扎睾丸切除加髂－腹主动脉旁淋巴引流区放射治疗;Ⅱ、Ⅲ期精原细胞瘤术后给予放疗及有计划地加用辅助性化疗。结果Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ期精原细胞瘤５年生存率分别为９５．９％、７０．４％、和０。结论Ⅰ期精原细胞瘤患者仅做精索高位结扎睾丸切除加髂－腹主动脉旁淋巴引流区放射治疗可以治愈;而对Ⅱ、Ⅲ期病例单用睾丸切除加淋巴引流区放射治疗是不够的,为改善Ⅱ、Ⅲ期精原细胞瘤患者的预后,在预防性／根治性照射后,有计划的加用辅助性化疗是必要的。     

38例隐睾精原细胞瘤临床分析

我院1975年3月至1987年12月收治隐睾发生的精原细胞瘤38例，占同期睾丸精原细胞瘤35．1％（38／109），Ⅰ期18例、Ⅱ期9例、ⅡB期8例、Ⅲ期2例、Ⅳ期1例。其中腹股为隐睾精原细胞癌Ⅰ期10例，占55．5％．Ⅱ期6例占33．3％，Ⅲ、Ⅳ期各1例。腹腔隐睾精原细胞瘤Ⅰ期8例占40％，Ⅱ期11例占55％，Ⅲ期1例。放疗为主要治疗手段，少数中晚期合并用N-甲基溶肉瘤素化疗。5年及10年生存率分别为89．5％和84．2％，Ⅰ期的5、10年生存率为100％，Ⅱ期分别为88．2％和82．4％，Ⅲ期生存率为50％。