常规QA设备对脊柱转移瘤SRS/SBRT计划的验证及存在问题探讨

目的:对比aSi-1200 EPID与Octavius 1500电离室矩阵在6 MV非均整脊柱转移瘤计划验证中的应用,探讨可能存在的问题。方法:23例计划在全局归一方式下以不同标准和阈值行2D γ通过率（GPR）评估,将治疗计划系统（TPS）中患者数据导入Verisoft软件重建剂量。引入不同类型和量值的误差:MLC的透射率（TF）和剂量叶片间隙（DLG）、治疗等中心和MU误差,使用GPR方法量化Octavius 1500识别这些误差的灵敏度,并通过评估靶区和危及器官（OARs）剂量学指标变化研究TF和DLG误差的临床意义。结果:与Octavius 1500矩阵相比,EPID方式在同一标准不同阈值下GPR均值更大数据离散程度更小,重建与计算的剂量体积直方图分析表明临床靶区和计划靶区Dmin、Dmax和Dmean的百分剂量偏差（DD%）较大,其中临床靶区最大DD%值为50.00%、11.31%和-8.71%,计划靶区最大DD%值为-25.86%、9.31%和-8.22%。治疗等中心和+3%、+5%的MU误差都被检测到,所有标准均未检测到TF误差,+0.3 mm的DLG误差只被2%/3 mm的标准检测到。TF值增大0.023 6％模型误差和DLG增加0.3 mm模型误差均导致靶区和OARs的剂量增加,其中OARs剂量增加较明显,尤其健侧肺的V20分别增加9.80%和8.85%,脊髓D0.1 cc均增加5.35%。结论:使用GPR方法识别引入误差的MLC模型可靠性不够,提示鉴别TPS问题的根源需要更有效的独立质量保证方法以确保通过TPS计算得出的陡峭剂量梯度的可信度。剂量验证系统软件算法的独立验证研究是有必要的,以确定算法局限性导致的重建剂量不确定性范围。     

The good,the bad,and the contingency: How patients’ treatment verification behaviors are linked to doctors’ reactions

ObjectiveThis article introducesTreatment Verification Behavior (TVB) to conceptualize patient proactivity. The article also aims to examine doctors’ responses to patients’ TVBs.MethodsA doctor-patient paired, two-wave data set was collected from eight hospitals in North China. We collected data from 304 doctor-patient dyads with each doctor rating, on average, three inpatients.ResultsThe results show that when patients consulted their doctors about information regarding a diagnosis or treatment (i.e.,consulting TVB), it improved doctors’ perception of the patients’ ability, which further increased doctors’ work engagement. Alternatively, when patients challenged doctors about information regarding a diagnosis or treatment (i.e., challenging TVB), it induced doctors’ perception of threat but without significantly decreasing doctors’ work engagement. In addition, when doctors felt respected by patients, this feeling moderated the effects of patients’ TVBs on doctors’ reactions.ConclusionBoth the content (the “what”) and the manner (the “how”) of patients’ proactive communications with their doctors will influence doctors’ responses.Practice implicationsThese insights suggest that patient and doctor communication training should include components that address both the content and performance of communication.     

三维剂量验证系统Delta4在容积旋转调强计划剂量验证中的应用

目的：探讨三维剂量验证系统Delta4对容积旋转调强计划进行剂量验证的可行性。方法：利用Delta4对20例患者的容积旋转调强计划进行剂量验证;为了对比,同时用MatriXX电离室矩阵对相同计划的冠状面进行剂量分布验证：利用剂量仪、指形电离室对相同计划进行点剂量的绝对剂量验证;将三种方法的验证结果进行比对。剂量分布验证采用Gamma分析,取剂量3％、距离3mm,通过率≥95％为验证通过标准。结果：三种验证方法所有计划的误差均在允许范围之内。使用Delta4验证治疗计划的Gamma通过率平均为98．90％,各个射野的Gamma通过率平均99．83％;用MatriXX电离室矩阵验证各计划冠状面剂量分布Gamma通过率平均为98．02％;绝对剂量验证平均误差为1．18％。结论：利用Delta4对旋转容积调强计划进行剂量验证是可行的。     

A comparison between flexible electrogoniometers,inclinometers and three-dimensional video analysis system for recording neck movement

This study compared neck range of movement recording using three different methods goniometers (EGM), inclinometers (INC) and a three-dimensional video analysis system (IMG) in simultaneous and synchronized data collection. Twelve females performed neck flexion-extension, lateral flexion, rotation and circumduction. The differences between EGM, INC, and IMG were calculated sample by sample. For flexion-extension movement, IMG underestimated the amplitude by 13%; moreover, EGM showed a crosstalk of about 20% for lateral flexion and rotation axes. In lateral flexion movement, all systems showed similar amplitude and the inter-system differences were moderate (4–7%). For rotation movement, EGM showed a high crosstalk (13%) for flexion-extension axis. During the circumduction movement, IMG underestimated the amplitude of flexion-extension movements by about 11%, and the inter-system differences were high (about 17%) except for INC–IMG regarding lateral flexion (7%) and EGM–INC regarding flexion-extension (10%). For application in workplace, INC presents good results compared to IMG and EGM though INC cannot record rotation. EGM should be improved in order to reduce its crosstalk errors and allow recording of the full neck range of movement. Due to non-optimal positioning of the cameras for recording flexion–extension, IMG underestimated the amplitude of these movements.     

临床化学检测的标准化现状

实验室的质量管理和检验结果标准化是临床化学检测项目实现结果互认的2个重要基础。开展标准化工作,建立检验项目的标准化体系可为检验质量提供准确性依据,是确保检验结果准确、具有可比性的最有效措施。实现检验结果准确、可比的重要方法之一是建立和保证检验结果的溯源性。国际组织一般通过建立参考测量程序、参考物质和一致性方案等来解决不同项目的量值溯源性问题。正确度验证计划和能力验证的开展为临床化学检验项目的结果互认提供了依据。文章对临床化学检测标准化的现状进行综述,以期为临床实验室质量管理提供参考。     

CYP2C9和VKORC1基因多态性检测试剂盒的性能验证

目的对华法林代谢相关的人细胞色素P450超家族第二亚家族C9代谢酶(CYP2C9)和维生素K环氧化物还原酶复合体亚单位1(VKORC1)基因多态性检测试剂盒进行性能验证。方法根据中国合格评定国家认可委员会(CNAS)制定的有关要求,结合试剂说明书,从符合率、精密度、检出限、抗干扰能力4个方面对苏州旷远生物分子技术有限公司的人CYP2C9与VKORC1基因多态性检测试剂盒(荧光PCR法)进行性能验证。结果20例临床标本的荧光PCR检测结果与Sanger测序法检测结果的符合率为100%;荧光PCR对1例临床标本重复检测15次,CYP2C9与VKORC1基因荧光通道的Ct值变异系数(CV)均<5%;试剂盒最低检测限为10 ng/μL;已知基因型的血液标本中加入干扰物血红蛋白、胆红素和胆固醇之后的基因型结果与对照组完全一致。结论人CYP2C9与VKORC1基因多态性检测试剂盒(荧光PCR法)符合ISO15189质量管理要求,可以在保证项目验收的基础上,为临床提供可靠的检测结果。     

后路板-棒内固定系统治疗不稳定性寰椎骨折的生物力学研究

目的 :测试后路板-棒内固定系统治疗不稳定寰椎骨折的稳定性,为临床使用提供理论基础。方法 :采集新鲜成年人尸体颈椎骨(C0~C3)标本6具,用聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)上下包埋,在生物力学实验机上,以150N为最大生理载荷,最大力矩为1.50N·m,依次测量完整模型组(A组)、骨折模型组(B组,包括寰椎后弓两处骨折与典型Jefferson骨折,分别作为B1组和B2组,骨折模型制作时保持横韧带完整)、内固定模型组(C组,包括B1组+内固定系统、B2组+内固定系统,分别作为C1组、C2组)C0-C1、C1-C2节段前屈/后伸、左/右侧屈和左/右旋转等6个方向的三维运动范围(ROM),通过比较,评价后路板-棒内固定系统治疗寰椎骨折的生物力学稳定性。根据测量所得ROM值,设A组各方向三维运动稳定性指数(Sf)为100%,计算B组、C组模型各运动方向Sf,进一步直观比较各模型的稳定性变化。结果:C0-C1节段,A组前屈/后伸、左右侧屈、左右轴向旋转方向的ROM分别为11.06°±1.00°,7.08°±0.62°,13.24°±1.24°;B1、B2组前屈/后伸、左右侧屈、左右轴向旋转方向ROM均较A组明显增大(P0.05);C1组前屈/后伸、左右侧屈、左右旋转方向的ROM均较B1组明显减小(P0.05);C2组各方向ROM均较B2组明显减小(P0.05);C1、C2组前屈/后伸、左右侧屈、左右轴向旋转方向ROM与A组比较均无统计学差异(P0.05)。C1-C2节段,A组前屈/后伸、左右侧屈、左右轴向旋转方向的ROM分别为10.07°±1.12°,5.56°±0.54°,20.83°±2.12°;B1、B2组各方向ROM均较A组明显增大(P0.05);C1组各方向的ROM较B1组明显减小(P0.05);C2组各方向ROM较B2组明显减小(P0.05);C1、C2组各方向ROM与A组比较均无统计学差异(P0.05)。C0-C1节段,B1组前屈/后伸、左/右侧屈、左/右轴向旋转方向Sf分别为71%、70%、64%,B2组各方向Sf分别为61%、55%、58%,C1组各方向Sf分别为102%、108%、108%,C2组各方向Sf分别为91%、91%、92%。C1-C2节段,B1组前屈/后伸、左/右侧屈、左/右轴向旋转方向Sf分别为70%、61%、35%,B2组各方向Sf分别为59%、54%、37%,C1组各方向Sf分别为105%、111%、106%,C2组各方向Sf分别为91%、90%、92%。结论:寰椎后路板-棒内固定系统既能恢复上颈椎稳定性,又可保留其生理运动功能。使用该系统治疗寰椎后弓两处骨折,在稳定性方面效果稍优于典型Jefferson骨折。     

免疫比浊法检测肌红蛋白的性能验证及临床应用评估

目的对免疫比浊法检测肌红蛋白(Mb)的检测性能进行评价,并对Mb的临床应用进行评估。方法检测150例健康人(健康对照组)血清Mb水平,建立参考值范围,评估免疫比浊法检测Mb的准确度、精密度、线性。对80例急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者按心电图结果分组后,比较ACS组血清Mb浓度与健康对照组是否存在差异。对于存在差异的ACS患者,进一步收集疾病对照组,通过绘制ROC曲线,评价Mb与其他心肌标志物的诊断性能。结果健康人血清Mb参考范围为70.22mg/L(男)、52.22mg/L(女),差异有统计学意义(t=4.39,P0.05)。2个水平质控检测结果为100.31、295.50mg/L,均在厂商允许偏差范围内,批内、批间变异系数(CV)均在5%以内,0~800 mg/L范围内线性良好。ACS组、非ACS组、健康对照组的Mb水平分别为(285.28±314.63)、(76.24±40.77)、(44.96±12.62)mg/L,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。Mb在ACS组中的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)为0.878。在ACS组中,Mb的诊断敏感度为80.0%,优于肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)的43.7%和肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)的57.5%。结论免疫比浊法检测Mb的检测性能符合要求。     

Serum Gamma-glutamyl Transferase Concentration Within the Reference Range is Related to the Coronary Heart Disease Risk Prediction in Korean Men: Analysis of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (V-1, 2010 and V-2, 2011)

Background:Limited data exist on the association of serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) level within the reference range with the increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) prediction in men.The...     

Artificial disc and vertebra system: a novel motion preservation device for cervical spinal disease after vertebral corpectomy

OBJECTIVE:To determine the range of motion and stability of the human cadaveric cervical spine after the implantation of a novel artificial disc and vertebra system by comparing an intact group and a fusion group.METHODS:Biomechanical tests were conducted on 18 human cadaveric cervical specimens. The range of motion and the stability index range of motion were measured to study the function and stability of the artificial disc and vertebra system of the intact group compared with the fusion group.RESULTS:In all cases, the artificial disc and vertebra system maintained intervertebral motion and reestablished vertebral height at the operative level. After its implantation, there was no significant difference in the range of motion (ROM) of C3–7 in all directions in the non-fusion group compared with the intact group (p>0.05), but significant differences were detected in flexion, extension and axial rotation compared with the fusion group (p<0.05). The ROM of adjacent segments (C₃₋₄, C₆₋₇) of the non-fusion group decreased significantly in some directions compared with the fusion group (p<0.05). Significant differences in the C_4-6 ROM in some directions were detected between the non-fusion group and the intact group. In the fusion group, the C₄₋₆ ROM in all directions decreased significantly compared with the intact and non-fusion groups (p<0.01). The stability index ROM (SI-ROM) of some directions was negative in the non-fusion group, and a significant difference in SI-ROM was only found in the C₄₋₆ segment of the non-fusion group compared with the fusion group.CONCLUSION:An artificial disc and vertebra system could restore vertebral height and preserve the dynamic function of the surgical area and could theoretically reduce the risk of adjacent segment degeneration compared with the anterior fusion procedure. However, our results should be considered with caution because of the low power of the study. The use of a larger sample should be considered in future studies.