母儿血型不合IgG抗体效价≥1：512是否提示胎儿病情严重

目的：探讨母儿血型不合IgG抗体效价≥1：512是否提示胎儿病情严重。方法：对6例血清IgG抗A（B）抗体效价≥1：512的母儿血型不合孕妇，进行羊膜腔穿刺抽样羊水作胆红素、IgG抗体效价和胎儿血型物质测定，抽取其新生儿脐血作胎儿血型、胆红素检测及Coombs试验。结果：孕妇血清IgG抗体效价与新生儿溶血病的严重程度并不密切相关。结论：不能单纯以孕妇血清抗体效价的高低作为判断胎儿溶血的唯一依据。     

正常人及SD大鼠心脏和血管内皮素转换酶分布研究

目的：了解正常人和大鼠心血管系统内皮素转换酶（ECE）及其mRNA的分布和表达。方法：以3－磷酸谷胱甘肽脱氢酶（GAPDH）作为内参照，采用半定量RT－PCR法检测ECE mRNA表达，同时进行ECE活力测定。结果：正常人心脏各部位及动脉ECE mRNA表达由高到低的顺序为：左房≌左房＞左室＞右室≌室间隔＞动脉，ECE的活性由高到低的顺序为：左房≌右房＞右室≌左室≌室间隔＞动脉。大鼠的分布规律与人基本一致。结论：正常人和大鼠心脏各部分及动脉均存在ECE，ECT表达及活性以心房最高，动脉最低，心房高于心室。     

临床尿培养标本的病原菌分布及耐药性分析

目的 :了解我院泌尿系统感染病原菌的菌群分布及耐药情况 ,指导临床合理应用抗生素。方法 :对 2 0 0 1年 7月～ 2 0 0 3年6月分离自我院尿液培养标本的 53 6株细菌和真菌进行回顾分析 ,所有病原菌均经ATBExpression微生物鉴定仪鉴定并进行药物敏感性试验测定。结果 :门诊患者泌尿系统感染的主要病原菌是大肠埃希菌 ,而住院患者泌尿系统感染则以真菌、肠球菌和大肠埃希菌为主要病原菌 ,葡萄球菌引起的泌尿系统感染比例很低。大肠埃希菌对阿莫西林、替卡西林和头孢噻吩耐药率较高 ,分别为 83 %、80 %和 81%。屎肠球菌与粪肠球菌对多种抗生素的耐药情况差异较大 ,未检到耐万古霉素的肠球菌。真菌感染以热带念珠菌和白色念珠菌为主。热带念珠菌对咪康唑、益康唑的耐药率均较高 ,分别为 2 4%和 12 % ,白色念珠菌对咪康唑的耐药率也达 11%。结论 :应该加强对微生物的药物敏感性监测 ,合理使用抗生素和抗真菌药物     

Responses of antioxidant systems in the hepatocytes of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) to the toxicity of microcystin-LR.

The freshwater, bloom-forming cyanobacterium (blue-green alga) Microcystis aeruginosa produces a peptide hepatotoxin, which causes the damage of animal liver. Recently, toxic Microcystis blooms frequently occur in the eutrophic Dianchi Lake (300 km2 and located in the South-Western of China). Microcystin-LR from Microcystis in Dianchi was isolated and purified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and its toxicity to mouse and fish liver was studied (Li et al., 2001). In this study, six biochemical parameters (reactive oxygen species, glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxide and glutathione S-transferase) were determined in common carp hepatocytes when the cells were exposed to 10 microg microcystin-LR per litre. The results showed that reactive oxygen species (ROS) contents increased by more than one-time compared with the control after 6 h exposure to the toxin. In contrast, glutathione (GSH) levels in the hepatocytes exposed to microcystin-LR decreased by 47% compared with the control. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxide (GSH-Px) increased significantly after 6 h exposure to microcystin-LR, but glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity showed no difference from the control. These results suggested that the toxicity of microcystin-LR caused the increase of ROS contents and the depletion of GSH in hepatocytes exposed to the toxin and these changes led to oxidant shock in hepatocytes. Increases of SOD, CAT and GSH-Px activities revealed that these three kinds of antioxidant enzymes might play important roles in eliminating the excessive ROS. This paper also examined the possible toxicity mechanism of microcystin-LR on the fish hepatocytes and the results were similar to those with mouse hepatocytes.     

Optical response of the cultured bovine lens; testing opaque or partially transparent semi-solid/solid common consumer hygiene products

This study determines the relative ocular lens irritancy of 16 common partially transparent or non-transparent consumer hygiene products. The irritancy was found by measuring the changes in the sharpness of focus [referred to as the back vertex distance (BVD) variability] of the cultured bovine lens using a scanning laser In Vitro Assay System. This method consists of a laser beam that scans across the lens, and a computer, which then analyses the average focal length (mm), the BVD variability (mm), and the intensity of the beam transmitted. Lenses were exposed to the 16 hygiene products and the lens’ focusing ability was monitored over 192 h. The products are semi-solids or solids (e.g. gels, lotions, shampoos). They are categorized into six groups: shampoos, body washes, lotions, toothpastes, deodorant, and anti-perspirant. Damage (measured by > 1 mm BVD variability) occurred slower for the shampoos, especially in the case of baby shampoo. The results indicate that shampoos exhibit the lowest level of ocular lens toxicity (irritability) while the deodorant is the most damaging.     

聚甲基丙烯酸酯纳米粒作为反义寡核苷酸传递系统的研究聚甲基丙烯酸酯纳米粒作为反义寡核苷酸传递系统的研究

目的 研究聚甲基丙烯酸酯阳离子纳米粒作为反义寡核苷酸传递系统的可行性。方法 以Eudragit RL100和RS100为材料,采用溶剂-非溶剂法制备纳米粒,再与寡核苷酸混合即得载药纳米粒。用透射电镜观察其形态、粒径测定仪测定粒径、超滤法测定药物的包封率,通过台盼蓝拒染试验和红细胞溶血试验测定纳米粒的细胞毒性,用流式细胞仪测定荧光标记的寡核苷酸的入胞量。结果 纳米粒的形态规整、大小均匀,平均粒径为127 nm左右,几乎所有的药物被负载。使用聚甲基丙烯酸酯纳米粒作为反义寡核苷酸载体后,进入细胞内的药物量急剧增加,并有显著的剂量依赖性,但对细胞有轻微的毒性作用。结论 聚甲基丙烯酸酯阳离子纳米粒是一种稳定、高效的反义寡核苷酸传递系统。     

盐酸他克林前体药物的研究盐酸他克林前体药物的研究

目的制备盐酸他克林(THA)的酰化前体药物以提高其透过血脑屏障(BBB)的能力。方法THA和酸酐反应制得N-酰化-THA系列前体药物;考察了前体药物在不同介质中的降解情况,并以N-单丁酰-他克林(BTHA)为模型药物,考察其在小鼠体内的分布和降解情况。结果合成的化合物经¹HNMR,MS和IR鉴定为目标化合物。前体药物在不同介质中均较稳定。与原药相比,前药的脂水分布系数增大。BTHA主要分布于脑、血浆和肝脏中(最高浓度分别为17.572 5,13.140 0和22.827 9 mg·L^-1),在肺和心中的分布浓度很低(最高浓度分别为4.947 5和4.492 5 mg·L^-1)。BTHA在脑内的降解速率较慢,给药12 h后仍有较高浓度(2.415 9 mg·L^-1)。结论N-羧酰-THA系列前体药物提高了THA透过BBB的能力,有望成为脑内定向给药的有效途径。     

特区经济学的理论前提

实行特殊政策和实施特殊管理体制是世界经济特区共有的基本特征。正是这两个基本特征构成了特区经济学的两个理论前提。对经济特区实行特殊政策和实施特殊管理体制进行理论分析 ,目的在于为构筑特区经济学的理论体系作理论上的准备     

论环境安全视角下的我国灾害防治法制建设

当今社会正面临日趋严重且类型众多的灾害 ,构成生态环境安全的巨大威胁 ;各国大都注意发挥法制手段在灾害防治中不可替代的作用 ;我国系多灾国家 ,在减灾法治方面虽取得一定成就 ,但总体上还比较薄弱 ,加强该领域的法制建设有其必然性与重要意义 ;从我国环境安全保障角度及国际经验的比较来看 ,完善我国减灾法制建设的基本工作 ,涉及到减灾法制体系的理论研究、立法模式的选择及充实的方向、行政体制的理顺及执法司法功能的强化诸方面