Light: Science & Applications对标世界顶级光学期刊的卓越计划建设之路

【目的】 Light: Science & Applications(以下简称Light)通过对标世界顶级光学期刊,探索缩小与世界顶级光学期刊差距的对策与措施,打造我国自主建设的领军期刊,为我国一流科技期刊的建设提供参考和借鉴。【方法】 通过与同领域的世界顶级光学期刊Nature Photonics对标,分析Light和Nature Photonics在发文体量、总被引频次、辐射范围、作者分布和尖端论文方面的数据。【结果】 Light围绕发现的两刊在引领科学研究、深入科学家群体和加速科学传播这三个方面的差距,自受“中国科技期刊卓越行动计划”(以下简称“卓越计划”)资助以来,通过组织前沿热点和交叉学科专题,配合科学界重大事件引导科学研究;深入科学家群体,发掘高价值综述及重要学术成果;建设文章传播推广脉络,举办线上学术活动,建设高影响力学术期刊公众号等创新方式缩小差距。【结论】 Light作为“卓越计划”领军期刊,深知肩负的责任和使命,要从期刊建设方面真正起到领军的作用。在“卓越计划”的支持下Light不断对标世界顶级光学期刊,并探索世界一流科技期刊的建设方法,逐步缩小与世界顶级光学期刊的差距。     

PACS诊断工作站匹配小型DSA在介入治疗中的应用

目的 探讨PACS诊断工作站与小型DSA匹配在介入治疗中的应用价值。方法 PACS诊断工作站通过视频采集一转换方式采集岛津公司的WHA-50N／S小型DSA的PH-DSA方式获得的视频图像，使用DIGOM 3．0国际标准。对采用该系统检查治疗的67例图像资料进行分析，评价该工作站的使用效能。结果 将PACS诊断工作站与小型DSA相接后，将原来的PH-DSA视频图像转变为10～25帧／S的数字DSA图像，可上传输至PACS，达到资料共享。提高了图像后处理的功能。应用该系统获得的数字图像能够保持原设备的清晰程度，无明显失真，可以显示1～2mm的3～4级血管。结论采用小型DSA与PACS诊断工作站相匹配，可以为介入治疗的开展提供可靠的保障。     

坚持科学发展观,统筹城乡医疗卫生事业协调发展

当前我国城乡医疗卫生在服务提供、资源利用、人员素质、保障待遇等方面差距悬殊，深刻分析农村卫生发展滞后的根源。统筹城乡医疗卫生事业协调发展，逐步缩小城乡卫生差距，以满足农民不同层次的医疗卫生需求。从整体上提高农民的健康水平和生活质量。是全面建设小康社会的需要，也是确保国民经济持续快速健康发展和国家长治久安的需要。     

医学影像存储与传输系统存储模式的探讨

目的 探讨医学影像存储与传输系统中的存储介质、结构，提高图像存储容量及调用速度。方法PACS采用三级（在线、近线、离线）存储结构；利用硬盘、多服务器磁盘阵列、磁带库等作为存储介质，支持影像数据的短期存储管理和长期存储管理；采用冗余存储技术和镜像存储方式；提供定时自动备份和数字迁移功能。结果成功地实现了医学图像在网络中的存储、备份及调用。结论PACS中的三级存储模式大大提高了图像的存储容量及调用速度，提高了工作效率。     

Plan choice,health insurance cost and premium sharing

We develop a model of premium sharing for firms that offer multiple insurance plans. We assume that firms offer one low quality plan and one high quality plan. Under the assumption of wage rigidities we found that the employee's contribution to each plan is an increasing function of that plan's premium. The effect of the other plan's premium is ambiguous. We test our hypothesis using data from the Employer Health Benefit Survey. Restricting the analysis to firms that offer both HMO and PPO plans, we measure the amount of the premium passed on to employees in response to a change in both premiums. We find evidence of large and positive effects of the increase in the plan's premium on the amount of the premium passed on to employees. The effect of the alternative plan's premium is negative but statistically significant only for the PPO plans.     

“中国科技期刊登峰行动计划”入选期刊发展现状及建议

【目的】 通过统计分析“中国科技期刊登峰行动计划”入选期刊的发展现状,为优化资助机制、培育世界一流科技期刊提供参考。【方法】 基于Web of Science的JCR评价数据,运用文献计量法和深度访谈法对入选期刊发展现状和存在问题进行分析并提出建议。【结果】 入选期刊影响因子总体提升不明显,存在片面追求影响因子的倾向;资助的“解渴”“解困”作用明显,但由于期刊国际化办刊思路不清晰,谋划不足,撬动期刊实现世界一流建设目标的杠杆作用发挥得并不充分。【结论】 资助方应通过注重资助效果评估和反馈,清晰资助导向,促进资助效果形成良性循环。期刊方应深入理解“世界一流科技期刊”的建设内涵,把握规律,探索模式,积极进行国际化办刊实践,提升期刊国际影响力。     

The health consequences of aerial spraying illicit crops: The case of Colombia

This paper exploits variations in aerial spraying across time and space in Colombia and employs a panel of individual health records in order to study the causal effects of the aerial spraying of herbicides (glyphosate) on short-term health-related outcomes. Our results show that exposure to the herbicide used in aerial spraying campaigns increases the number of medical consultations related to dermatological and respiratory illnesses, as well as the number of miscarriages. These findings are robust to the inclusion of individual fixed effects, which compare the prevalence of these medical conditions for the same person under different levels of exposure to the herbicide used in the aerial spraying program over a period of 5 years. Also, our results are robust to controlling for the extent of illicit coca cultivation in the municipality of residence.     

PBL和PACS在医学影像学教学中的应用

目的浅析影像学教学中开展图像存档和传输系统(PACS)与以问题为导向的教学方法(PBL)相结合的教学方式的作用。方法对本院48名医学影像学医学生开展研究,研究时间开始于2018年1月,结束于2019年1月,依据随机数字法将其分成对照组24例与观察组24例,将传统教学模式应用在对照组教学中,将PBL和PACS相结合的授课形式应用在观察组教学中,比较两组理论成绩以及临床实践能力。结果在理论考核项目和临床实践考核得分方面,观察组均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论采用PBL和PACS相结合的授课模式,可有效提升医学影像学教学质量,保障学生更加有效地掌握理论知识以及专业技能。     

Do regions of interest location and type influence liver stiffness measurement using magnetic resonance elastography?

PurposeTo assess the variability of liver stiffness measurements using magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) at 1.5 T, depending on different approaches of regions of interest (ROIs) drawing.Material and methodsFifty consecutive patients with successful liver MRE were included. There were 32 men and 18 women with a mean age of 52 ± 14 (SD) years (range: 20–85 years). MRE was acquired using a gradient recalled-echo MRE sequence. At the level of the portal bifurcation, one observer drawn in the right liver first 3 elliptical ROI and then one free-hand ROI, as large as possible based on the confidence map and the anatomy. Three additional elliptical ROIs were further drawn on the slice above and 3 other on the slice below, for a total of 9 elliptical ROIs. The average value of liver stiffness in the 3 elliptical ROIs of the central slice and the one from the 9 elliptical ROIs were computed. Three liver stiffness values were obtained for each patient from the 3 measurement methods (one free-hand ROI, 3 elliptical ROIs and 9 elliptical ROIs). Inter-method variability was assessed using the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman analysis.ResultsThe variability between the 3 methods was excellent with ICC > 0.978 (P < 0.0001). The Bland-Altman analysis revealed high agreement between the 3 methods with bias < 0.45 kPa and limits of agreement < ±1.13 kPa. The variability was lower when comparing a large free-hand ROI and the 3-elliptical ROIs, than when comparing the 9-elliptical ROIs to one of the other methods.ConclusionOur results show that the variability between the 3 methods of ROI drawing and placement is very low.     

Building immunization decision-making capacity within the World Health Organization European Region

A National Immunization Technical Advisory Group (NITAG) is a multi-disciplinary body of national experts that provides evidence-based recommendations to policy-makers, assisting them in making sound immunization policy and programme decisions. The World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Office for Europe is working to strengthen the capacity of newly-established NITAGs and has targeted efforts on low- and middle-income countries. The Regional Office, in collaboration with WHO Headquarters and USA Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), developed a new training strategy and held training workshops to improve NITAGs’ functioning and ability to make evidence-based recommendations. Feedback from countries that participated in trainings indicated that the updated training materials and interactive approach with follow-up technical support enabled them to align their NITAG charters and processes with WHO recommendations. To ensure continued progress, global and regional partners such as WHO and CDC should continue providing technical support to recently established NITAGs.