Hemodynamic Conditions Alter Axial and Circumferential Remodeling of Arteries Engineered <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ex Vivo</Emphasis>

We previously demonstrated that growth and remodeling was stimulated in arteries elongated ex vivo using step increases in axial strain. Viability and vasoactivity were similar to fresh arteries, however there was a substantial decrease in the ultimate circumferential stress. To test the hypothesis that the subphysiological perfusion conditions (i.e., low pressure and flow) previously used caused the reduction, arteries were subjected to the identical elongation protocol (50% increase over 9 days) while being perfused with physiological levels of flow, viscosity and pulsatile pressure. A significant increase in unloaded length was achieved by elongation under both perfusion conditions, although the increase was less under physiological (7 ± 1%) than under subphysiological conditions (19 ± 2%, p < 0.005). When length at physiological stress was estimated using mechanical testing data the values were similar. The ultimate circumferential stress of arteries elongated under physiological conditions was increased (33%), whereas the ultimate axial stress was decreased (50%) as compared with arteries elongated under subphysiological conditions. Elongated arteries under both perfusion conditions showed significant increases in proliferation and collagen mass, and similar viability and appearance to fresh arteries. These data suggest that there is substantial cross-talk between perfusion conditions and axial strain that modulates arterial remodeling and length.     

刍议祖国医学中时间与人体的关系——34年1054例住院心脏病患者死亡时间规律探讨

本文从中医“天人相参”的基本观点出发,根据祖国医学中大量关于时间与人体关系方面的资料记载,结合本院34年住院心脏病死亡病例,就其死亡时间与人体关系进行分析讨论,应证了时间节律不但存在,而且对疾病的发生发展及预防和治疗都有十分重要意义.     

生物信息学技术在生殖领域中的研究进展

生物信息学（bioinformatics）在生殖系统的研究中被广泛应用于各个技术层面,包括基因组、转录组、蛋白组和代谢组。通过数据的系统化采集和可视化处理,生殖过程中各种关键分子的作用机制正逐步被发现并阐明。生物信息学技术在生殖系统研究中的应用,既在保障严谨性和科学性的基础上有效地推动了生殖系统研究的发展与创新,如从基因组、转录组、蛋白组和代谢组等不同层次水平上分析生殖系统中不同器官的正常功能或其异常病理现象;同时也促进了生殖系统相关疾病临床诊断和治疗的进展,如在对疾病诊治中,新的临床疾病标志物及药物靶点的发现等。综述近年生殖医学前沿研究的最新生物信息学技术并总结现有生殖医学相关生物信息学研究的主要进展,这也为后续的各类研究提供了重要的方向和思路。     

海洋中药发展源流初探

根据考古发现,人类早在旧石器时代即已开始利用海洋资源.到了春秋战国时期,人类开始利用海洋生物入药,并对其功效、炮制有简单的认识.到了秦汉时期,人类对海洋中药的认识进一步深化,并创制了运用海洋药物的方剂.到了唐宋时期,海洋中药的种数以及相应的方剂明显增多,对海洋中药的性味功效以及配伍规律有了进一步认识,其治疗范围也明显扩大.明清时期,人类对海洋中药的认识主要是对前人经验的总结.建国后,由于科学技术的发展,人类开发、利用海洋资源的能力大幅提高,海洋中药的种数达到1 000余种.但海洋中药的发展也面临着新的问题,即海洋中药的种数虽然增加,但对其性味功效的认识则明显滞后,严重影响了海洋中药的临床应用.     

肝豆状核变性分子生物学研究

【目的】探讨中国人肝豆状核变性(WD)的分子发病机制和基因诊断的方法。【方法】应用基因工程技术对WD进行了10年的分子生物学研究。【结果】①WD的基因定位研究通过RFLP及微卫星多态性分析,应用两位点及多位点连锁软件,建立了中国人WD基因在D     

Impact of donor extracellular vesicle release on recipient cell “cross-dressing” following clinical liver and kidney transplantation

In several murine models of transplantation, the “cross-dressing” of recipient antigen presenting cells (APCs) with intact donor major histocompatibility complex (MHC) derived from allograft-released small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) has been recently described as a key mechanism in eliciting and sustaining alloimmune responses. Investigation of these processes in clinical organ transplantation has, however, been hampered by the lack of sensitivity of conventional instruments and assays. We have employed advanced imaging flow cytometry (iFCM) to explore the kinetics of allograft sEV release and the extent to which donor sEVs might induce cross-dressing following liver and kidney transplantation. We report for the first time that recipient APC cross-dressing can be transiently detected in the circulation shortly after liver, but not kidney, transplantation in association with the release of HLA-bearing allograft-derived sEVs. In liver transplant recipients the majority of circulating cells exhibiting donor HLA are indeed cross-dressed cells and not passenger leukocytes. In keeping with experimental animal data, the downstream functional consequences of the transfer of circulating sEVs harvested from human transplant recipients varies depending on the type of transplant and time posttransplant. sEVs released shortly after liver, but not kidney, transplantation exhibit immunoinhibitory effects that could influence liver allograft immunogenicity.     

Increased risk of neonatal complications and infections in children of kidney-transplanted women: A nationwide controlled cohort study

Information related to short- and long-term risks of children born to kidney-transplanted women remains limited. With the aim of investigating the risk of neonatal complications, and the short- and long-term risk of infections in offspring of kidney-transplanted women, all children born to kidney-transplanted women in Denmark from 1964 to 2016 were identified in a nationwide retrospective matched cohort study. A total of 124 children of kidney-transplanted women were identified and matched on gender, birth year, and number of siblings at birth 1:10 with children born to nontransplanted women identified in the Danish general population. Prevalence of low birth weight (37.9%, risk ratio [RR] = 12.61; 95% confidence interval [CI], 8.5-18.5), premature birth (46.0%, RR = 11.32; 95% CI, 8.1-15.7) and malformations (11.3%, RR = 1.98; 95% CI, 1.2-3.4) was increased in children of kidney-transplanted women compared with controls. Similarly, prevalence of hospitalization due to infection was increased during the first year of life (21.0%, RR = 1.94; 95% CI, 1.3-2.8), from age 1 to 5 (34.2%, RR = 1.89; 95% CI, 1.4-2.5), and overall (41.9%, RR = 1.67; 95% CI, 1.3-2.1). The risk of infection was also higher in children of kidney-transplanted mothers born preterm or with low birth weight compared with similar controls. In conclusion, risk of neonatal complications, malformations, and both early and late infection were increased in children born to kidney-transplanted women.     

Platelet glycoprotein VI-dependent thrombus stabilization is essential for the intraportal engraftment of pancreatic islets

Platelet activation and thrombus formation have been implicated to be detrimental for intraportal pancreatic islet transplants. The platelet-specific collagen receptor glycoprotein VI (GPVI) plays a key role in thrombosis through cellular activation and the subsequent release of secondary mediators. In aggregometry and in a microfluidic dynamic assay system modeling flow in the portal vein, pancreatic islets promoted platelet aggregation and triggered thrombus formation, respectively. While platelet GPVI deficiency did not affect the initiation of these events, it was found to destabilize platelet aggregates and thrombi in this process. Interestingly, while no major difference was detected in early thrombus formation after intraportal islet transplantation, genetic GPVI deficiency or acute anti-GPVI treatment led to an inferior graft survival and function in both syngeneic mouse islet transplantation and xenogeneic human islet transplantation models. These results demonstrate that platelet GPVI signaling is indispensable in stable thrombus formation induced by pancreatic islets. GPVI deficiency resulted in thrombus destabilization and inferior islet engraftment indicating that thrombus formation is necessary for a successful intraportal islet transplantation in which platelets are active modulators.