胃癌组织中RAGE和配体HMGB1表达的临床研究

目的：分析胃癌及相应癌旁组织中的晚期糖基化终产物受体（receptor for advanced glycation end product,RAGE）及其配体高迁移率族蛋白B1 （high mobility group box-1,HMGB1）的表达情况,探讨RAGE、HMGB1表达与胃癌患者临床病理因素的关系以及两者对预后的影响.方法：应用免疫组织化学的方法检测1 09例胃癌组织和30例癌旁组织中RAGE和HMGB1的表达,运用美国Media Cybernetics公司Image-Pro？ Plus 6.2软件分析每张切片的阳性着色的积分吸光度值.结果：相对于癌旁组织,胃癌组织内RAGE和HMGB1的表达升高（P＜ 0.001）.RAGE的表达情况与肿瘤浸润深度、淋巴结转移及TNM分期显著相关（P值均＜0.05）; HMGB1的表达情况与肿瘤组织分化程度和肿瘤转移相关（P=0.023）; RAGE的表达与患者无病生存期相关（P＜0.001）,而HMGB1的表达与患者术后的无病生存期无关.结论：HMGB1-RAGE信号偶联与胃癌的侵袭和转移相关,患者胃癌标本中RAGE的表达影响患者预后,HMGB1-RAGE信号偶联是胃癌治疗的可能靶点之一.     

HMGB1对急性坏死性胰腺炎大鼠肠上皮细胞紧密连接相关蛋白表达的影响

目的：观察急性坏死性胰腺炎（ANP）大鼠肠黏膜中高迁移率族蛋白B1（HMG81）的表达对肠黏膜上皮细胞紧密连接功能的影响。方法：24只Wistar大鼠随机分为正常对9帚组、ANP组和丙酮酸乙酯（EP）处理组,分别于建模后24h取材。测定血浆淀粉酶（AMY）、血浆D-乳酸、肠黏膜髓过氧化物酶（MPO）水平变化;应用Westernblot法检测ANP大鼠肠黏膜中HMGBl和occludin蛋白水平的变化。结果：在建模后24h,大鼠AMY、D-乳酸与肠黏膜MPO水平ANP组明显高于正常对照组和EP处理组（P〈0．05）,但EP处理组仍高于正常对照组（P〈0．05）;ANP组大鼠肠黏膜HMGBl表达水平明显高于正常对照组和EP处理组（P〈005）,EP处理组高于正常对照组（P〈0．05）;而肠黏膜上皮细胞紧密连接蛋白occludin的表达ANP组较正常对照组和EP处理组下降（P〈0．05）,EP处理组低于正常对照组（P〈0．05）。结论：ANP大鼠肠黏膜中HMGBl表达增高,可通过降低occludin蛋白表达,增加肠黏膜屏障通透性。EP能显著抑制HMGBl表达,使occludin蛋白表达升高,对ANP肠黏膜损伤有明显保护作用。     

肠系膜下动脉根部结扎在直肠癌前切除术中的应用

目的 探讨肠系膜下动脉(IMA)根部结扎对直肠癌根治术的临床应用价值.方法 将2003年1月至2007年12月收治的173例直肠癌前切除术患者随机分成两组,其中根部结扎组85例,采用IMA根部结扎术及根部淋巴结廓清,非根部结扎组88例,采用IMA低位结扎及结扎部位淋巴结廓清.根部结扎组,比较两组患者的平均手术时间、淋巴结数及转移度、复发率、5年生存率、并发症发生率.结果 非根部结扎组的淋巴结数、淋巴结转移度、术后生存率明显低于根部结扎组,复发率则明显高于根部结扎组(P＜0.05);两组手术时间、并发症比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 IMA根部结扎及根部淋巴结廓清对直肠癌的治疗效果优于IMA非根部结扎及结扎部位淋巴结廓清,值得推广应用.     

Effects of low dose X‐ray irradiation on porcine articular cartilage explants

Ionizing radiation therapy is a crucial treatment for cancer, but can damage surrounding normal tissues. Damage to articular cartilage leading to arthropathy can occur at irradiated sites. It is unclear whether this response is due to damaging surrounding skeletal structures or direct effects on cartilage. In this study, we showed that irradiation with 2 Gy of X‐rays causes a significant reduction in the stiffness of porcine explants 1 week post‐irradiation. By using both microindentation and indentation‐type atomic force microscopy, ionizing radiation reduces stiffness in both the superficial zone, and throughout the entire thickness of the tissue. Young's modulus values were 75% and 60% lower in 2 Gy irradiated samples when compared with controls using microindentation and nanoindentation, respectively. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) released into the culture media of irradiated samples was nearly 100% greater at 24 h after exposure. While collagen content in the tissue is similar between groups, GAG content is 55% lower in irradiated explants compared with controls 7 days after exposure. Therefore, the irradiated explants are unable to recover from the initial loss of GAGs by 1 week. This acute loss of GAGs is a likely contributor to the reduction in modulus seen after exposure to ionizing radiation. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31:1780–1785, 2013     

High glucose-induced oxidative stress promotes autophagy through mitochondrial damage in rat notochordal cells

Purpose

Diabetes mellitus is associated with an increased risk of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). Reactive oxygen species (ROS), oxidative stressors, play a key role in autophagy of diabetes-associated diseases. Mitochondria are known to be the main source of endogenous ROS in most mammalian cell types. The authors therefore conducted the following study to evaluate the effects of high glucose concentrations on the induction of oxidative stress and autophagy through mitochondrial damage in rat notochordal cells.

Methods

Rat notochordal cells were isolated, cultured, and placed in either 10 % fetal bovine serum (normal control) or 10 % fetal bovine serum plus two different high glucose concentrations (0.1 M and 0.2 M) (experimental conditions) for one and three days, respectively. We identified and quantified the mitochondrial damage (mitochondrial transmembrane potential) and the generation of ROS and antioxidants (manganese superoxide dismutase [MnSOD] and catalase). We also investigated expressions and activities of autophagy markers (beclin-1, light chain3-I [LC3-I] and LC3-II, autophagy-related gene [Atg] 3, 5, 7, and 12).

Results

An enhanced disruption of mitochondrial transmembrane potential, which indicates mitochondrial damage, was identified in rat notochordal cells treated with both high glucose concentrations. Both high glucose concentrations increased production of ROS by rat notochordal cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The two high glucose solutions also enhanced rat notochordal cells’ compensatory expressions of MnSOD and catalase in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The proautophagic effects of high glucose concentrations were manifested in the form of enhanced rat notochordal cells’ expressions of beclin-1, LC3-II, Atg3, 5, 7, and 12 in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The ratio of LC3-II/LC3-I expression was also increased in a dose- and time-dependent manner.

Conclusions

The findings from this study demonstrate that high glucose-induced oxidative stress promotes autophagy through mitochondrial damage of rat notochordal cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. These results suggest that preventing the generation of oxidative stress might be a novel therapeutic target by which to prevent or to delay IDD in patients with diabetes mellitus.     

高频超声引导下经腘静脉穿刺置管溶栓治疗下肢深静脉血栓

目的探讨经腘静脉穿刺置管直接溶栓治疗下肢深静脉血栓(DVT)的应用价值。方法收集经CDFI或下肢深静脉造影确诊为DVT的36例患者。对观察组患者行超声引导下患侧腘静脉穿刺,置入溶栓导管,经导管持续灌注尿激酶溶栓;对照组采用经外周静脉滴注尿激酶,比较两组的治疗效果。结果观察组(16例)患者自治疗后第2天患肢肿胀开始减退,第4～6天时肿胀明显减退,治愈3例,显效11例,有效2例,总体有效率为100%(16/16);对照组(20例)自第2～4天起患肢肿胀开始减退,第7～9天明显减退,显效8例,有效6例,无效6例,总体有效率为70.00%(14/20);两组治疗效果的差异有统计学意义(Z=3.270,P=0.002)。溶栓治疗前后观察组肢体肿胀缓解程度较对照组明显,患肢大腿及小腿周径的差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.01)。结论于高频超声引导下经腘静脉穿刺置管直接溶栓治疗DVT安全、微创、疗效确切,且并发症少。     

内毒素刺激诱导人外周血细胞促炎细胞因子的释放

目的：探讨内毒素（LPS）体外刺激对人外周血细胞高迁移率族蛋白B1（HMGB1）及肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）-α、白介素（IL）-6和IL-10分泌的影响.方法：采集20例健康志愿者外周血,与培养基等体积混合后体外培养,给予不同浓度LPS（100 ng/ml,500 ng/ml）刺激,分别于刺激后0、2、6、12、24 h收集细胞培养上清液,ELISA法检测其HMGB1和TNF-α、IL-6、IL-10的含量.结果：体外LPS刺激诱导外周血细胞分泌HMGB1增加,12 h后表达持续升高（P〈0.01）,分泌水平呈明显时间依赖性;TNF-α、IL-6产生亦呈时间、剂量依赖性,分别于24 h和6～12 h达分泌高峰（P〈0.01）;IL-10表达量均较低.结论：TNF-α、IL-6为早期炎症介质,HMGB1为介导内毒素所致迟发死亡的重要晚期炎症介质,它们在脓毒症的发生、发展中可能扮演重要角色.