Glutathione peroxidase activity in various types of blood cells in multiple sclerosis

Previous studies demonstrated a significantly lower mean activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in erythrocytes of patients with multiple sclerosis than in control groups of normal subjects or patients with various neurological disorders. The present investigation has demonstrated that, in contradistinction to erythrocytes, a normal activity of GSH-Px is found in lymphocytes, granulocytes and platelets of multiple sclerosis patients. These results were obtained both with hydrogen peroxide, which serves as a specific substrate for selenium dependent GSH-Px, and t-butyl hydroperoxide which reacts both with selenium dependent and independent GSH-Px.     

Effect of quartz and asbestos on erythrocyte surface charge

Summary Experiments in vitro have been conducted to determine the surface-charge density of human red cells incubated with 7 quartz varieties as well as the UICC asbestos dusts: chrysotiles A and B, anthophyllite, amosite, and crocidolite. Red cell mobility was measured by capillary migration on Whatman paper strips and by electrophoresis. All dusts tested significantly decreased the erythrocyte surface electric charge as compared to control samples that were free of dust.Pretreatment of quartz dust with Polyvinylpyridine-N-Oxide restored the electronegativity of erythrocytes. The results obtained provide support for the cytotoxic effect of quartz and asbestos on the external cell membrane.     

Reactivity of purified lectins with blood typed canine erythrocytes

Agglutination tests were performed with 40 commercially available lectins and a panel of blood typed canine erythrocytes. Erythrocytes were obtained from 17 dogs (two poodles, two black labradors, five greyhounds and eight beagles). The erythrocytes expressed various combinations of dog erythrocyte antigens (DEA) 1.1, 1.2 or null, 4 and 7. Lectin reactivity with untreated, ficin treated, and neuraminidase-treated cells was determined. No correlation between lectin reactivity and the canine blood group antigens expressed on the red cell test panel was found. Results suggest that some canine erythrocytes may be differentiated from others on the basis of reactivity with Phytolacca americana and Glycine max lectins.     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期合并贫血的临床分析

目的 探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)患者合并贫血的临床意义.方法选取AECOPD住院患者病例99例,记录患者性别,年龄、住院时间、血常规、C反应蛋白(CRP)、血清白蛋白、动脉血气、肺功能,身高、体质量、严重程度分级、呼吸机使用情况等临床指标.以COPD患者是否贫血分为两组,回顾性分析红细胞参数,FEV...     

Cigarette smoke-induced biochemical perturbations in human erythrocytes and attenuation by epigallocatechin-3-gallate--tea catechin

The protective effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) against cigarette smoke (CS) induced alterations in human erythrocyte was studied using an in vitro model. Hemolysis, carboxyhemoglobin, osmotic fragility, hemin, lipid peroxidation (LPO), protein thiol, protein carbonyl, glutathione, antioxidant enzymes, membrane bound ATPases and erythrocyte ghost protein were assessed to investigate the effect of EGCG. Erythrocytes were incubated with CS and/or 10 μM EGCG under physiological conditions of temperature and pH for 2 h. CS significantly increased the percentage of hemolysis, carboxyhemoglobin, hemin, LPO and osmotic fragility in human erythrocytes whereas EGCG pretreatment significantly reduced all the above parameters. The levels of protein carbonyls significantly increased whereas the level of protein thiol decreased significantly in erythrocytes incubated with CS. EGCG pretreatment significantly decreased the levels of carbonyls and increased the level of protein thiol. The level of glutathione, antioxidant enzyme and membrane bound ATPases were decreased significantly in erythrocytes incubated with CS. However, EGCG pretreatment significantly increased the activities of GSH, antioxidant enzymes and membrane bound ATPases. CS incubated erythrocytes showed a progressive loss of the cytoskeleton proteins and formation of low molecular weight bands and protein aggregates. EGCG pretreatment of CS incubated erythrocytes showed a near normal protein profile compared to that of control erythrocytes. The present study divulges that EGCG can reduce the abnormalities of cigarette smoking by ameliorating the oxidative stress. This finding raises the possibility that EGCG may provide protection from CS induced toxicity.     

高糖培养下大鼠红细胞多元醇代谢变化及二甲双胍的干预作用

目的:观察高糖培养条件下大鼠红细胞多元醇代谢及脂质氧化的变化及二甲双胍对此的干预作用。方法:用高糖培养大鼠红细胞,测定大鼠红细胞中山梨醇的含量及培养上清液中一氧化氮(NO)含量的变化,并观察加入不同浓度二甲双胍(2×10-5、4×10-6、8×10-7 mol.L-1)处理后对山梨醇和NO含量的影响,同时设立低糖培养的正常对照组进行比较。结果:与正常对照组比较,高糖对照组大鼠山梨醇含量升高、NO含量降低(P<0.01);与高糖对照组比较,加入二甲双胍后能显著降低山梨醇含量并可升高NO的含量(P<0.01或P<0.05)。结论:二甲双胍可通过抑制山梨醇含量的升高及增加NO的水平减轻高糖所致的红细胞损伤。     

头孢抗生素对干化学法检测尿红细胞的影响

目的观察尿中各类头孢抗生素对干化学法检测尿红细胞定性实验的干扰作用。方法将尿液、红细胞、各类头孢抗生素按一定比例配制,用尿液干化学分析仪进行测定。结果尿中各类头孢抗生素浓度达到10mg／ml时,可使尿测定为“＋”的红细胞降低为“±”。当尿中头孢浓度达20mg/ml,可致假阴性;＂-3尿中浓度头孢抗生素达10mg／ml时,可使原测定“＋＋”的红细胞降低为“＋”,当尿中头孢浓度达20mg／ml或超过20mg／ml,可使结果降低为“±”,甚至出现假阴性;当尿中头孢浓度达20mg/ml,可使原测定为“＋＋＋”的红细胞结果降低。结论尿液中的头孢抗生素浓度严重影响干化学法检测红细胞的定性结果,并随着尿液中头孢类药物浓度的增加,干扰度随之增加,甚至可致尿红细胞检测呈假阴性。     

An image-processing technique for measuring the dynamic movement of cell membranes

An automated method has been developed to measure and compare the dynamic movement of cell membranes. Using the red blood cell as a common example the method locates the edge of the cell, with sub-pixel precision at multiple points on the periphery. This method is a different implementation to a technique used for giant unilamellar vesicles and addresses issues relating specifically to biological cells, in particular relating to finding a local minima, calculating equi-spaced measuring points for arbitrary shapes and using the perpendicular direction to the edge for position measurement. Parameters have been defined to characterise the cell's membrane behaviour and the analysis program allows the automatic compilation of multiple tests under varying conditions, and statistical comparison of identical populations of cells.     

Imaging CFTR in its native environment

Application of atomic force microscopy (AFM) on isolated plasma membranes is a valuable method to study membrane proteins down to single-molecule level in their native environment. The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), a protein of the adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter superfamily, is known to play a crucial role in maintaining the salt and water balance on the epithelium and to influence processes such as cell volume regulation. A mutation in the gene encoding for CFTR results in cystic fibrosis (CF), a very common lethal genetic disease. Identification of CFTR within the cell membrane at the single-molecule level makes it feasible to visualize the distribution and organization of CFTR proteins within the cell membrane of healthy individuals and CF patients. We were able to show that human red blood cells have a CFTR distribution comparable to that of epithelial cells and that the number of CFTR in cells derived from CF patients is strongly reduced. Studies on CFTR-expressing oocytes disclose CFTR dynamics upon CFTR activation. We observed that cyclic adenosine monophosphate induces an insertion of CFTR in the plasma membrane and the formation of heteromeric CFTR-containing structures with yet unknown stoichiometry. The structure of CFTR was identified by high-resolution scans of immunogold-labeled CFTR, revealing that CFTR forms a tail-to-tail dimer with a central pore. In conclusion, these studies show that AFM experiments on isolated plasma membranes allow not only quantification and localization of membrane proteins but also provide insight in their dynamics at a single-molecule level.     

UF-1000i 在脑脊液细胞分析及红细胞来源鉴别中的应用

目的 评价UF-1000i 在脑脊液细胞分析中的应用.方法 用UF-1000i 和显微镜分别检测216份脑脊液标本中的红细胞、白细胞和上皮细胞,并对结果进行统计学分析.结果 UF-1000i 检测红细胞、白细胞、上皮细胞与显微镜法计数法具有高度的相关性;UF-1000i 的红细胞平均前向散射光强度直方图可以辅助鉴别蛛网膜下腔出血和穿刺出血.结论 UF-1000i 计数脑脊液中的细胞具有结果准确、快速、重复性好等特点,适合辅助脑脊液标本中细胞成分的临床常规分析,同时,对血性脑脊液的鉴别也有较好的辅助作用.