Centralized Registration,Prophylactic Examination,and Treatment Results in Improved Prognosis in Familial Adenomatous Polyposis: Results from the Danish Polyposis Register

Background: Over the last few decades numerous regional and national registers have been established all over the world with the aim of improving survival in familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). The Danish Polyposis Register was founded in 1971 and coordinates the screening and subsequent prophylactic colectomy of FAP patients. Methods: The crude cumulative survival in 321 patients (205 probands and 116 call-up cases) with verified FAP was calculated in accordance with the life-table method. Results: At the time of diagnosis of FAP only 2 of 116 (2%) had colorectal cancer versus 142 of 205 probands (69%). The 10-year cumulative survival was 94% (95% confidence limits, 89-99) in call-up cases compared with only 41% (34-49) in probands (p < 0.00001), and survival improved significantly (p < 0.00001) after the establishment of the Danish Polyposis Register. Conclusion: The establishment of a centralized polyposis register has resulted in a substantial improvement of the prognosis in FAP.     

全国初治涂阴肺结核病例登记现状分析

目的 分析全国各省初治涂阴肺结核病例登记现状,为评价初治涂阴肺结核病例诊断质量提供依据.方法 根据2004-2005年全国结核病防治规划报表中初治涂阴和初治涂阳肺结核病例登记资料,分析各省2年初治涂阴肺结核病例登记率变化和增长幅度;统计各省及不同地区初治涂阴与初治涂阳肺结核病例登记率;对各省初治涂阴与初治涂阳肺结核病例登记率进行直线回归分析.结果 2005年全国登记初治涂阴肺结核病例316 405例,登记率为24.27/10万,各省登记率在6.01/10万～72.17/10万;2005年登记初治涂阴病例数比2004年增加了19.9%,其中2个省登记数呈负增长,其余各省登记数增长了0.5%～62.3%;2005年全国初治涂阳病例登记率是涂阴病例登记率的1.5倍,其中23个省初治涂阳病例登记率高于涂阴病例登记率,8个省相反;初治涂阴病例占初治涂阳病人登记率的比例,京津沪地区为149.28%,非项目地区为83.6%,项目地区为50.3%;对涂阳和涂阴病例登记率进行直线回归分析,回归方程y=22.342＋0.563 6x.结论 对初治涂阴肺结核患者实行免费政策后,全国涂阴肺结核病例登记率提高.但各省初治涂阴病例登记率和增长幅度以及涂阴病例登记率与涂阳病例登记率的比例悬殊.由于涂阴病例诊断困难,对于涂阴病例登记率高或增长幅度大的地区,特别在DOTS执行时间短和人力资源有限的地区,应对涂阴病例诊断质量予以进一步检查和评价.     

北京市42所医院门诊预约挂号现状调查

目的 通过调查医院门诊预约挂号服务的内容、形式、管理模式等情况,为提高医院门诊预约挂号服务质量提供建议.方法 通过对2011-2013年北京市共计42所医院门诊预约挂号服务进行全面统计分析,了解其门诊预约挂号服务现状.结果 目前北京市预约挂号工作呈现覆盖范围广泛、形式多样的特点;患者预约挂号使用率提高,就医习惯逐渐改变.结论 医院应多部门协作,提供完善的配套制度、足够的人力资源等作为保障,推动预约挂号工作进一步发展.     

Clinical trial transparency update: an assessment of the disclosure of results of company-sponsored trials associated with new medicines approved in Europe in 2012

Background:

The objective of this study was to assess the timely disclosure of results of company-sponsored clinical trials related to all new medicines approved by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) during 2012. This is an extension of the previously reported study of trials related to all new medicines approved in Europe in 2009, 2010 and 2011, which found that over three-quarters of all these trials were disclosed within 12 months and almost 90% were disclosed by the end of the study.

Methods:

The methodology used was exactly as previously reported. Various publicly available information sources were searched for both clinical trial registration and disclosure of results. All completed company-sponsored trials related to each new medicine approved for marketing by the EMA in 2012, carried out in patients and recorded on a clinical trials registry and/or included in an EMA European Public Assessment Report (EPAR), were included. Information sources were searched between 1 May and 31 July 2014.

Outcome measures and results:

The main outcome measure was the proportion of trials for which results had been disclosed on a registry or in the scientific literature either within 12 months of the later of either first regulatory approval or trial completion, or by 31 July 2014 (end of survey). Of the completed trials associated with 23 new medicines licensed to 17 different companies in 2012, results of 90% (307/340) had been disclosed within 12 months, and results of 92% (312/340) had been disclosed by 31 July 2014.

Conclusions:

The disclosure rate within 12 months of 90% suggests the industry is now achieving disclosure in a timely manner more consistently than before. The overall disclosure rate at study end of 92% indicates that the improvement in transparency amongst company-sponsored trials has been maintained in the trials associated with new medicines approved in 2012.     

基于循环一致生成对抗网络的多模态影像刚性配准

目的:采用循环一致生成对抗网络(CycleGAN)方法在保证医学影像刚性配准精度的同时,降低图像配准的时间以及训练数据获取难度。方法:首先对训练数据进行标准化与归一化,同时对图像进行重采样与剪裁,去除多余的空气部分。其次采用阈值法与扫描线法获取图像的外轮廓信息,基于CycleGAN建立两个生成器与两个判别器,生成器输入配准图像对和输出配准结果,判别器输入配准图像对和输出配准程度。在原始CycleGAN损失函数基础上,增加轮廓损失项,以约束网络训练方向,提高收敛速度。结果:选取75例腹部病例,其中65例作为训练数据集,10例作为测试数据集,配准结果与配准软件Elastix对比。计算测试图像集外轮廓Dice系数,配准前图像对的平均Dice系数为0.858,Elastix配准后的平均Dice系数为0.926,本方法配准后的平均Dice系数为0.925。配准时间上Elastix的平均配准时间为12.1 s,本研究方法的平均配准时间为0.04 s,加速比达到302。结论:本方法在保证图像配准精度的同时极大降低了图像配准所需的时间,提高了配准流程工作效率。除此之外,与其他深度学习网络相比,本方法不需要真实配准结果以及传统相似性测度。     

形变配准算法在宫颈癌后装治疗分次间总剂量评估中的应用

目的:量化分析后装治疗中,使用不同累积剂量计算方法导致的总剂量评估差异。方法:使用混合形变配准算法,对32例已完成后装插植治疗的宫颈癌患者共计进行108次形变配准,并计算每个患者的形变总剂量。根据膀胱和直肠的体积控制情况将32例患者分为体积控制组（18例）和体积未控制组（14例）,计算比较组间累积剂量体积参数（D0.1 cc、D1 cc、D2 cc）和相似度系数（DSC）,并与GEC-ESTRO推荐的分次间剂量累加方法相比较。结果:DSC随形变图像相对体积比值的增大而变差。体积控制组中,GEC-ESTRO推荐方法和形变累积剂量差异（DDIR/DGEC）较小。对于膀胱,体积控制组D2 cc的DDIR/DGEC最大值为1.05,低于未控组1.07;DDIR/DGEC最小值为0.91,高于未控组0.80。提示在使用形变剂量评估过程中,形变剂量值可能比GEC-ESTRO推荐的剂量计算方法偏高5%~7%或偏低9%~20%,偏高和偏低的原因主要为参与形变的体积差异导致剂量网格缩放。而D0.1 cc、D1 cc的DDIR/DGEC更接近1。对于直肠,控制组没有观察到DDIR/DGEC偏高的情况,D2 cc的DDIR/DGEC最大值为0.99,低于未控组1.06;最小值为0.80,低于未控组0.85,但未控制组平均偏高6%。而直肠的D0.1 cc、D1 cc、D2 cc的累积剂量比值都较接近,并且差异不如膀胱显著。结论:在后装治疗中,形变体积可以影响到形变累积剂量的计算结果,合理控制形变轮廓的体积不仅有助于提高形变的准确性,而且形变总剂量评估结果更稳定,建议在后装治疗过程中重视对膀胱和直肠的体积控制。     

Coherent Point Drift Registration Combined with Image Feature and its Application

A key step of constructing active appearance model is requiring a set of appropriate training shapes with well-defined correspondences. In this paper, we introduce a novel point correspondence method （FB-CPD）, which can improve the accuracy of coherent point drift （CPD） by using the information of image feature. The objective function of the proposed method is defined by both of geometric spatial information and image feature information, and the origin Gaussian mixture model in CPD is modified according to the image feature of points. FB-CPD is tested on the 3D prostate and liver point sets through the simulation experiments. The registration error can be reduced efficiently by FB-CPD. Moreover, the active appearance model constructed by FB-CPD can obtain fine segmentation in 3D CT prostate image. Compared with the original CPD, the overlap ratio of voxels was improved from 88.7% to 90.2% by FB-CPD.     

2种不同形变配准软件在头颈部勾画中的作用评价

目的 比较2种目前放疗市场上主流的形变配准软件在CT形变配准中的结果表现,确定其在图像配准中的价值。方法 选择本院2018年2月—2020年6月收治的15例重复定位的头颈部肿瘤患者作为研究对象,治疗过程中前、后2组CT图像正常组织由同一位资深医师进行勾画,分别在MIM软件和AccuContour软件中进行形变配准,将第一组图像的正常组织形变到第二组图像中,与第二组图像直接勾画的组织进行计算,得到相似性系数（Dice系数）与空间评价指标（Hausdorff距离）。采用SPSS 23.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果 2种形变配准软件都有良好的形变配准功能。正常组织显像不同,对配准结果有一定影响,眼球、下颌骨等显像良好的组织配准结果更好,晶体、视神经、视交叉等小体积组织配准结果较差。2组软件相比,MIM软件更具有优势;Dice系数评价中,MIM软件数据更佳的比率为67%,其中55%存在统计学意义（P<0.05）;Hausdorff距离显示,MIM软件数据更佳的比率为74%,其中48%的指标存在统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 2种形变配准软件都具备良好的形变配准能力,相对而言,MIM软件更有优势。对形变配准精度要求较高时,选择MIM软件更佳。     

Precision of maxillo-mandibular registration with intraoral scanners in vitro

PurposeTo compare the precision of maxillo-mandibular registration and resulting full arch occlusion produced by three intraoral scanners in vitro.MethodsSix dental models (groups A–F) were scanned five times with intraoral scanners (CEREC, TRIOS, PLANMECA), producing both full arch and two buccal maxillo-mandibular scans. Total surface area of contact points (defined as regions within 0.1 mm and all mesh penetrations) was measured, and the distances between four pairs of key points were compared, each two in the posterior and anterior.ResultsTotal surface area of contact points varied significantly among scanners across all groups. CEREC produced the smallest contact surface areas (5.7–25.3 mm²), while PLANMECA tended to produce the largest areas in each group (22.2–60.2 mm²). Precision of scanners, as measured by the 95% CI range, varied from 0.1–0.9 mm for posterior key points. For anterior key points the 95% CI range was smaller, particularly when multiple posterior teeth were still present (0.04–0.42 mm). With progressive loss of posterior units (groups D–F), differences in the anterior occlusion among scanners became significant in five out of six groups (D–F left canines and D, F right canines, p < 0.05).ConclusionsMaxillo-mandibular registrations from three intraoral scanners created significantly different surface areas of occlusal contact. Posterior occlusions revealed lower precision for all scanners than anterior. CEREC tended towards incorrect posterior open bites, whilst TRIOS was most consistent in reproducing occluding units.