Preoperative Chemotherapy Alone and Combined with Preoperative Radiotherapy in Small-Size Breast Cancer

Abstract: Breast conservation surgery is an effective and safe treatment for many breast carcinomas. It may be possible to further limit the extent of resection (or expand the indication for breast conservation) by the application of preoperative chemotherapy and radiotherapy. We explored the feasibility of this in a pilot study.
Seventy-three patients (mean age 48, 63% premenopausal) with confirmed breast cancer, less than 2.5 cm, received chemotherapy (Group A) or chemotherapy plus radiotherapy (Group B) prior to limited resection (tumorectomy). Axillary dissection was always performed. Results: In 6/31 (19%) Group A and 17/42 (40%) Group B patients the tumor was not palpable after preoperative treatment, with complete pathological remission in 1 and 3 cases respectively. Histologic grading, mitosis, cellular alteration, and cellularity evaluations indicated a consistently greater therapeutic effect with chemoradiotherapy than with chemotherapy alone.
In conclusion, radiotherapy appears useful in the preoperative treatment of breast cancer and its use in association with various drug combinations should be further explored.     

Endometrial carcinoma: Does the addition of intracavitary vault caesium to external beam therapy postoperatively result in improved control or increased morbidity?

A retrospective analysis of treatment for endometrial carcinoma is reported here. From 1987 to 1989, 138 patients were referred to the oncology department following total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy for endometrial cancer. Forty-seven patients were not prescribed postoperative radiotherapy; 31 had Stage I well differentiated adenocarcinoma with minimal myometrial invasion, while the remaining 16 patients were considered unfit for postoperative radiotherapy. There were no instances of local relapse amongst the 31 patients with minimal myometrial invasion.The remaining 91 patients all received external beam irradiation to the pelvis and, according to the preference of the individual therapist, 51 were prescribed additional intracavitary vault caesium-137. Patients receiving postoperative radiotherapy were analysed according to whether or not they received additional intracavitary vault caesium. The two groups were also analysed for incidence of vaginal vault recurrence and treatment related morbidity.In the group receiving additional intracavitary treatment more patients had Stage II or III disease (P<0.05), and had greater depth of myometrial invasion (P<0.05). Vaginal vault recurrence was not observed in patients receiving intracavitary therapy in addition to external beam therapy. Four patients (10%) receiving external beam therapy alone developed vaginal vault recurrence.The incidence of Kottmeier-Perez grade 2 or 3 bowel toxicity following treatment was significantly higher in those patients receiving combined treatment (18% vs. 2.5%; P<0.03). There was also a higher incidence of vaginal stenosis in the group receiving both external beam and intracavitary therapy (21% vs. 3%; P<0.05). There was only one instance of grade 2 bladder toxicity in the external beam and intracavitary treatment group and none in the external beam therapy alone group.In conclusion, postoperative radiotherapy for Stages I-III endometrial carcinoma was carried out in a non-randomized manner by two regimens; either external beam therapy alone or external beam therapy with additional intracavitary vaginal caesium. The combined therapy gave significantly better local control but resulted in significantly more late bowel and vaginal morbidity.     

局部性尤文肉瘤综合治疗临床分析

目的　探讨局部性尤文肉瘤的综合治疗效果。方法　收集经综合治疗的 2 5例尤文肉瘤患者的临床资料 ,采用Kaplan Meier法进行分析、Logrank法检验 ,分析治疗方式和化疗周期对疗效的影响。结果　综合治疗局部性尤文肉瘤的有效率为 92 % (2 3 /2 5 )。治疗结束后病灶完全消退组患者的 1、3、5年生存率 (10 0 %、93 .8%和 81.3 % )明显高于病灶未完全消退组 (10 0 %、75 .0 %和 5 0 .0 % ) (均P <0 .0 5 )。行 6个周期化疗的患者 1、3、5年生存率 (10 0 %、93 .8%和 66.7% )高于 3个周期者 (88.9%、77.8%和 5 5 .6% ) (均P <0 .0 1)。局部采用手术或放疗对疗效无明显影响 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　经综合治疗 ,局部性尤文肉瘤病灶完全消退者生存期明显延长 ,化疗周期的次数是影响疗效的重要因素。     

进展期霍奇金病经化疗达完全缓解后,巩固放疗的Meta分析

目的 应用Meta分析的方法评价进展期霍奇金病经化疗达完全缓解后巩固放疗的作用。材料和方法 在MEDLINE、CBMdisc数据库检索进展期霍奇金病化疗达完全缓解行巩固性放疗或不行巩固性放疗的前瞻性随机对照研究。对入选研究的总生存、无事件生存优势比进行Meta分析。结果 4项研究入选，以α=0．05为检验水准，巩固性放疗组与对照组(不作巩固性放疗)相比，5年总生存优势比=1．18，P=0．46；5年无事件生存优势比=1．05．P=0．83：巩固性侵犯野放疗组与对照组相比，5年总生存优势比=0．96，P=0．87。结论 进展期霍奇金病经化疗达到完全缓解后，巩固性放疗对总生存及无事件生存均无益处。     

放疗化疗联合治疗局部晚期非小细胞肺癌43例

目的 探讨以顺铂为主的化疗方案加放疗对局部晚期非小细胞肺癌的疗效。方法 86例局部晚期非小细胞肺癌患随机分为治疗组及对照组各43例，放疗方案以CAP、EP、MVP或MOP，每人至少化疗两个周期，化疗后10～14天放射治疗，放疗采用^60Co外照射。结果 治疗组有效率83．7％，中位生存期14．5个月，对照组有效率67．4％，中位生存期10个月，两组不良反应为骨髓抑制、胃肠道反应。结论 以顺铂为主的化疗方案加放疗治疗局部晚期非小细胞肺癌的疗效较高，可提高肿瘤的局部控制率和延长生存期。     

食管癌三维适形后程加速超分割放射治疗的疗效分析

目的评价三维适形后程加速超分割放射治疗食管癌的疗效及放疗反应、并发症。方法2002年2月至2004年5月,71例食管鳞癌随机分成两组,三维适形后程加速超分割组36例,食管病变上下外约4cm,前后、左右外约0.5~1cm作为PTV1,每次2GY,每周5次,DT40GY后,病变上下外约2cm,前后、左右外约0.5~1cm作为PTV2,每日2次,每次1.5GY,间隔4~6小时,总疗程6周,总剂量67GY/38次。非三维适形后程加速超分割组35例,时间、剂量、分割方式同适形组。所有病例均采用8MV-X外照射。结果1、2、3年的生存率和原发肿瘤的局控率,与非适形后程加速超分割比较,适形组明显提高,分别为88.9%、75%、63.9%比68.6%、51.4%、40%和86.1%、72.2%、58.3%比65.7%、48.5%、34.3%。适形组的急性放射反应明显低于非适形后程加速超分割组,两组有显著差别。结论本研究的初步结果表明食管癌适形后程加速超分割放射治疗的疗效优于非适形后程加速超分割组。     

介入化疗结合立体适形放射治疗晚期胰腺癌的临床观察

探讨晚期胰腺癌的介入化疗加立体适形放射治疗的临床疗效。先选择性胰腺动脉化疗,药物:CF 300 mg、5-FU 1 000~1 500 mg、DDP 60~80 mg和健择1.2~2.0 g,共4次。介入化疗后或两次介入之间行立体定向放射治疗,放疗采用4~6个适形野,总剂量为35~45 Gy,4~8 Gy/次,每周3次,21例患者CR率42.85%(9/21),PR率42.85%(9/21),SD 4.76%(1/21),PD 9.52%(2/21),总有效率(CR PR)85.70%(18/21)。初步研究结果提示,主观指标评估,2例临床症状完全消失,17例主观症状有所改善。介入化疗结合立体放射治疗晚期胰腺癌不失为临床选用的治疗手段。     

放射治疗71例骨转移癌止痛效果分析

目的观察低于常规剂量的2种分割方式治疗骨转移性疼痛的疗效。方法71例恶性肿瘤晚期骨转移患者,总计93处骨转移灶,根据疼痛程度及行动受限程度,采取2种均低于常规剂量的分割方式进行放射治疗,分别为Dm30Gy/10f/2W,Dm30Gy/6f/2W。观察疼痛缓解情况。结果2种分割方式止痛有效率分别为88%、95%。两组间无显著差异性(P>0.05)。与国内多数文献报告的结果接近。结论低于常规剂量的分割方式对转移性骨痛疗效与常规剂量的分割方式的疗效相当,且简便易行。     

Effect of Kang''''ai Injection(康艾注射液) on Serum Level of Soluble Interleukin-2 Receptor and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Patients with Esophageal Carcinoma during Radiotherapy

Radiotherapy(RT)is an important ap-proach for treatment of esophageal carcinoma(EC),especially for patients who have missedthe chance of surgical section.The efficacy ofRTis not satisfactory for its1-year,3-year and5-year survival rates being merely50%,20%,and10%respectively(1).Researches in recent years showed thatbetter efficacy can be obtained by combiningRTwith Chinese herbal medicines for EC thatincapable to be resected.Kang ai Injection(康艾注射液,KAI)is a Chinese herbal prep-arati…