肺内炎性肿块的CT分析

目的探讨在职业病防治中肺内炎性肿块的CT诊断及鉴别诊断。方法对15例经螺旋CT扫描并经病理证实的肺内炎性肿块进行回顾性分析。结果肺内炎性肿块的CT表现为病灶位于肺的外围，呈三角形、方形、楔形、类圆形；病变与胸膜广基底相连，临近胸膜反应性增生；肺内及纵隔无明显淋巴结肿大。经抗炎治疗后多明显吸收缩小、消失，形成炎性假瘤，可无变化。结论结合临床病史分析肿块的CT表现，肺内炎性肿块的CT表现有一定的特点，可以与结核球、尘肺大阴影及周围型肺癌鉴别。     

新疆博尔塔拉州居民肥胖及其危险因素分析

目的了解新疆博尔塔拉州维吾尔、哈萨克、蒙古、汉等4个民族中30岁以上人群的超重肥胖流行状况及其与心血管危险因素的关系，为肥胖防治提供科学依据。方法采用随机整群抽样方法，对新疆博尔塔拉州4个民族30岁以上居民共3732人进行流行病学调查。结果居民超重和肥胖率分别为36．02％和27．39％；城市肥胖率高于农村；男、女性超重与肥胖总体上的差异无统计学意义，但超重率男性高于女性，肥胖率则女性高于男性。蒙古族居民超重和肥胖的危险最大，维吾尔族和汉族次之，哈萨克族最小；蒙古族男性和维吾尔族女性的肥胖问题较突出。影响各民族超重和肥胖率的因素主要是性别，民族，年龄，城乡，职业，文化程度，饮酒和肉食等，其中男性超重与肥胖者合并的危险因素多。结论新疆博尔塔拉州人群中超重和肥胖患病率较高，尤其是肥胖，已成为突出的公共卫生问题之一，其中男性肥胖者是心血管病的高危人群。     

瑞芬太尼和丙泊酚联合闭环靶控的临床应用

目的:探讨以脑电双频指数(BIS)、平均动脉压(MBP)、心率(HR)为闭环反馈指标行丙泊酚和瑞芬太尼联合闭环靶控的可行性。方法:40例年龄18~39a,拟行妇科腹腔镜择期手术病人随机分成2组,靶控组设丙泊酚3mg·L-1,瑞芬太尼4μg·L-1的浓度行诱导和维持;闭环靶控组设同样初始浓度,以BIS值(50~60),MBP(8~12kPa),HR(60~100次·min-1)为反馈指标在诱导和麻醉维持过程中进行靶控浓度的反馈调控,术中监测HR,MBP,BIS等指标。结果:术中BIS最高值靶控组为63.7±s2.8,明显高于闭环靶控组的53.3±2.0(P<0.01),且超出所设上限60。插管期靶控组MBP最低值低于闭环靶控组(P<0.05),且低于8kPa;切皮期靶控组MBP最高值明显高于闭环靶控组(P<0.01),且超过12kPa。切皮期靶控组HR最高值明显高于闭环靶控组(P<0.01)。结论:以BIS,MBP和HR作为反馈指标行丙泊酚和瑞芬太尼联合闭环靶控可以更好地维持血流动力学的稳定及适当的麻醉深度。     

颅脑损伤颅内多发血肿的治疗

目的总结颅脑损伤颅内多发血肿的治疗经验,提高此类患者的疗效.方法回顾我科近10年425例颅脑伤后颅内双侧多发血肿的临床资料.按照主要血肿的分布,将病员分为硬膜外血肿组(EDH)、硬膜下血肿脑挫裂伤组(SDH BCL)和脑挫裂伤脑内血肿组(BCL ICH).对于不同类型血肿在合适的时机采取合适的手术方法,及时实行ICP监测,不行双侧大块脑组织切除,术中或术后立即复查头颅CT.结果 121例未经手术治疗,其中死亡4例(3.3%);手术304例,死亡17例(5.6%).EDH组127例,全经手术治疗,无死亡;SDH BCL组143例,手术116例,11例死亡(7.7%);ICH组155例,手术61例,10例死亡(6.4%).结论颅脑损伤颅内双侧多发血肿应采取综合治疗,选择合适的手术时机和方法治疗可提高治愈率,改善预后.     

松口蘑发酵菌丝体糖蛋白MTS03对人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7的体外增殖抑制作用研究

 目的研究松口蘑发酵菌丝体糖蛋白MTS03的理化性质及抗肿瘤作用。方法采用SDS-PAGE鉴定MTS03的纯度及相对分子质量,氨基酸自动分析仪分析其中的氨基酸组成;MTT法研究糖蛋白MTS03体外对人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7的增殖抑制率,同时考察MTS03对人正常肝细胞L-02的杀伤率,评价其安全性。结果SDS-PAGE电泳鉴定为单一组分,测定其相对分子质量约为2.37×10⁴,经氨基酸自动分析仪分析含有17种氨基酸;MTS03对MCF-7具有直接的细胞毒作用,在一定的浓度范围内呈现量效和时效关系,MTS03对MCF-7作用24,48,72h的IC₅₀分别为25.81,12.46,8.86mg·L^-1,而对正常肝细胞的IC₅₀分别为1366.49,190.60,95.58mg·L^-1,对MCF-7的治疗指数TI分别为54.16,18.74,12.25。结论MTS03对于体外培养的乳腺癌细胞具有良好的直接杀伤作用,而对正常肝细胞的毒性较小,可能是一种高效低毒的生物活性物质。     

脊柱结核的影像学诊断及临床病理分析

研究脊柱结核的影像学诊断价值,并探讨各型脊柱结核的临床病理特点.对156例经临床及病理证实且影像学资料完整的脊柱结核进行回顾性分析,比较其X线(或CR)、CT及MRI的影像学特点及符合率.结果显示①X线(或CR)、CT及MRI对脊柱结核诊断符合率分别为90.5%、96.2%及99.5%.②X线(或CR)、CT及MRI对椎体骨质破坏、椎间隙狭窄的敏感性分别为74.5%、89.9%及96.87%.③对椎旁软组织肿块和腰大肌脓肿、附件破坏及骨性椎管受累的显示,CT优于X线(和CR)片;对早期病变的显示及脊髓受累情况,MRI优于X线(或CR)及CT,有显著差异性(P＜0.01).④对死骨及钙化的显示CT优于X线(或CR)及MRI.认为X线(或CR)检查为诊断脊柱结核的基本方法,但对早期病变的显示有限度;CT显示早期微小的骨质破坏、死骨、脓肿、钙化及脓肿对椎管脊髓压迫明显优于X线;MRI可清晰显示硬膜外脓肿及脊柱后突畸形对脊髓的压迫和脊髓变性情况,尤其是对早期病变的诊断,有较高的敏感性和特异性,但对死骨及钙化不敏感.     

Helical CT in the primary trauma evaluation of the cervical spine: an evidence-based approach

This review provides a summary of the cost-effectiveness, clinical utility, performance, and interpretation of screening helical cervical spine CT for trauma patients. Recent evidence supports the use of helical CT as a cost-effective method for screening the cervical spine in high-risk trauma patients. Screening cervical spine CT can be performed at the time of head CT to lower the cost of the evaluation, and when all short- and long-term costs are considered, CT may actually save money when compared with traditional radiographic screening. In addition to having higher sensitivity and specificity for cervical spine injury, CT screening also allows more rapid radiological clearance of the cervical spine than radiography. Patients who are involved in high-energy trauma, who sustain head injury, or who have neurological deficits are candidates for CT screening. Screening with CT may enhance detection of other potentially important injuries of the cervical region. Received: 17 March Revision requested: 14 April 2000 Revision received: 19 July 2000 Accepted: 19 July 2000     

Hemangioma of bone arising in the ulna: imaging findings with emphasis on MR

An 18-year-old woman presented with left elbow joint pain. Radiographs and computed tomographic scan showed a well-defined osteolytic lesion of the left ulna associated with a honeycomb appearance on the radiographs. Magnetic resonance images showed intermediate signal intensity on T1-weighted images and mixed intermediate and high signal intensities on T2-weighted images. Only the periphery of the lesion enhanced with intravenously injected gadolinium-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid. The lesion was curetted to avoid pathologic fracture, and a histologic diagnosis of cavernous hemangioma of bone was made. Hemangioma involving the ulna is rare, but should be included in the differential diagnosis of a radiographic osteolytic lesion with a honeycomb appearance. Received: 17 September 1999 Revision requested: 31 October 1999 Revision received: 10 December 1999 Accepted: 13 December 1999     

High dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation as adjuvant therapy for primary breast cancer patients with four or more lymph nodes involved: long-term results of an international randomised trial.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to assess whether a short course of anthracycline containing chemotherapy followed by high dose therapy with autologous stem-cell support improves disease-free and overall survival as compared with conventional, anthracycline containing chemotherapy, in patients with primary breast cancer and four or more histologically involved lymph nodes. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Two hundred and eighty one patients entered into a randomised clinical trial were allocated to receive standard, conventional treatment (5-fluorouracil, epirubicin and cyclophosphamide-FEC for six cycles) or FEC for three cycles followed by high dose therapy consisting of cyclophosphamide, thiotepa and carboplatin and stem cell rescue (HDT). To be eligible, patients had to be free of overt metastatic disease and be < or =60 years of age. Analyses were according to intention to treat. RESULTS: At a median follow up of 68 months, 118 patients have experienced a relapse or death from breast cancer (62 in the FEC followed by HDT arm and 56 in the conventional FEC arm) and a total of 100 patients have died (54 in the FEC followed by HDT arm and 46 in the conventional FEC arm). No significant difference was observed in relapse-free survival [hazard ratio 1.06, 95% CI 0.74-1.52, p = 0.76] or overall survival [hazard ratio 1.18, 95% CI 0.80-1.75, p = 0.40]. Five patients died from treatment related causes, three as a consequence of HDT and two in the conventional FEC arm. CONCLUSIONS: At the present time, no benefit has been observed from replacing three cycles of conventional chemotherapy with the HDT regimen described here. Patients should continue to receive conventional chemotherapy as adjuvant therapy for breast cancer.     

Clinical evaluation of ZD6474, an orally active inhibitor of VEGF and EGF receptor signaling, in patients with solid, malignant tumors.

BACKGROUND: ZD6474 selectively inhibits the tyrosine kinase activity of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor and epidermal growth factor receptor. The safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of ZD6474 were assessed in a phase I dose-escalation study of patients with advanced solid tumors. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Adult patients with tumors refractory to standard treatments received once-daily oral ZD6474 (50-600 mg) in 28-day cycles, until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity was observed. RESULTS: Seventy-seven patients were treated at doses of 50 mg (n=9), 100 mg (n=19), 200 mg (n=8), 300 mg (n=25), 500 mg (n=8), and 600 mg (n=8). Adverse events were generally mild, and the most common dose-limiting toxicities (DLT) were diarrhea (n=4), hypertension (n=4), and rash (n=3). The incidence of most adverse events appeared to be dose-dependant. In the 500 mg/day cohort, 3/8 patients experienced DLT and this dose was therefore considered to exceed the maximum tolerated dose. Pharmacokinetic analysis confirmed that ZD6474 was suitable for once-daily oral dosing. CONCLUSIONS: Once-daily oral dosing of ZD6474 at 300 mg/day is generally well tolerated in patients with advanced solid tumors, and this dose is being investigated in phase II trials.