平川区2009年包虫病流行现状及影响因素分析

依据<2009年中央补助地方公共卫生专项资金甘肃省包虫病防治项目技术方案>,平川区在2010年10月完成了本地区包虫病重点流行区20岁以上人群的包虫病病人筛查工作.结果表明,该地区包虫病的平均患病率0.97%,60岁以上人群、成年女性,特别是家庭妇女的包虫病患病率明显高与同类分组的其他人群,羊群中有包虫病的存在、家犬的管理及喂养方式、个人卫生和饮食习惯以及水源的管理成为影响该地区包虫病流行的主要因素.     

肾包虫病6例诊治体会

目的:旨在探讨对肾包虫病的诊断及治疗.方法:对6例肾包虫病患者通过详细询问居住史,生活史及病史,辅以B超、静脉肾盂造影、CT、皮内囊液过敏试验(Casoni test)及血清免疫试验(IHA,ELISA)等必要的检查进行确诊,并对患肾功能良好者进行内囊摘除术,消灭残腔.对无功能肾及包虫囊破入肾盂者行患肾切除术,考虑有囊液流入其他部位而发生种植者,于术后给予甲苯咪唑治疗3个月.结果:6例患者术后均恢复良好,随访未见肾脏复发.结论:包虫内囊摘除术是目前治疗肾包虫病惟一行之有效的方法,辅以药物治疗可预防因囊液流入其他部位而发生种植.     

青海省达日县人群包虫病流行现状调查与分析

目的了解青南牧区达日县人群包虫病流行现状,为进一步制订预防控制策略提供依据。方法 B超调查人群包虫病患病率;血清学方法调查人群包虫病血清学阳性率;对流行病学史和病史进行问卷调查。结果 B超筛查3 810人,总患病率为10.16%;血清学检测2 742人,阳性率为15.57%;女性和男性患病率分别为9.83%、10.44%,无显著性差异;牧民患病率和血清学阳性率最高,分别为14.5%,23.62%。学生患病率和血清学阳性率次之;35~45岁年龄组患病率和血清学阳性率最高,为14.70%。结论青海省达日县人群包虫病流行仍然严重,提示该县包虫病防治工作任务艰巨。     

2010年新疆包虫病流行状况分析

目的了解2010年新疆地区包虫病流行趋势、发病数、发病率及三间（时间、地点、人群）分布。方法以国家疾病监测信息报告管理系统数据为基础,以＂发病日期＂为标准,导出系统中2010年新疆传染病网络直报包虫病报告卡相关数据做统计分析,计算2010年新疆包虫病发病数、发病率、三间分布等指标,并与2009年有关数据比较。结果 2010年新疆包虫病发病数2月最低、12月最高,发病率4.8642/10万;全疆14个地州中塔城地区发病数（219例）和发病率（20.878/10万）均居首位;全疆男性发病率5.2671/10万,女性发病率4.4431/10万,35岁年龄组发病率较高（7.1244/10万）;职业以农民、牧民为多。2010年全疆包虫病发病数比2009年增长了8.8%,2010年发病率（4.8642/10万）比2009年发病率（4.5288/10万）增长了7.41%。结论新疆地区包虫病发病有增长趋势,职业分布农民居多,提示防制措施的新思路。     

A molecular survey on cystic echinococcosis in Sinnar area, Blue Nile state (Sudan)

Background  Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonosis caused by the cestodes of the Echinococcus species. Its life cycle involves dogs and other canids as definitive hosts for the intestinal tapeworm, as well as domestic and wild ungulates as intermediate hosts for the tissue-invading metacestode (larval) stage. The disease has a special impact on disadvantaged pastoralist communities and is listed now among the three top priority neglected tropical disease (NTD). Therefore, CE is a neglected disease even in high endemicity regions. This study aimed at investigation of the prevalence of CE in different animals slaughtered for food consumption in Sinnar area, Blue Nile states in Sudan.

Methods  A survey of CE in livestock was conducted from April 2009 to March 2011 in Sinnar area, Blue Nile state in Sudan. Location, parasitological status and fertility conditions were determined. In addition, 120 hydatid cysts (30 from camels, 62 from cattle and 28 from sheep) were examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and mitochondrial gene sequencing for the genetic allocation of Echinococcus strains or species

Results  The prevalence of CE was 29.7% (30/101) in camels, 2.7% (62/2310) in cattle and 0.6% (26/4378) in sheep. It was shown that infection rates increased with age in camels, cattle and sheep. In camels, 67% (20/30) of the infected animals were aged between 2–5 years whereas 58% (36/62) of the infected cattle were >5 years. In sheep, the prevalence rate was distributed equally between animals ranging 2–5 years and >5 years. Even though multiple cysts were found in some animals, the average number of cysts per animal was close to 1 in all examined species. Lungs were found to be the predilection sites for the parasite in both camels and cattle, while most of the cysts found in sheep were located in the liver. About 63.4% of cysts encountered in camels were considered as large (5–7 cm), whereas those in cattle and sheep were medium (2–4 cm) and small (<2 cm) respectively. The highest fertility rate was found in camel cysts with 85.4% (35/41) followed by cattle (50.0%, 32/64) and sheep (39.0%, 11/28). All examined cysts belonged to Echinococcus canadensis G6, which was confirmed to be the overwhelmingly predominant species in that area.

Conclusion  The epidemiological situation in Sinnar area, Blue Nile state is characterized by intense transmission of Echinococcus canadensis G6, thereby closely resembling the situation in most other regions of Sudan.

     

Hydatid cyst/cystic echinococcosis: anatomical and surgical nomenclature and method to quantify the cyst content solidification

The terminology related to the hydatid cyst is sometimes inappropriate and wrong designations are used, based on incorrect concepts. “Hydatid cyst” is the larval form of the tapeworms of the genus Echinococcus granulosus, a parasite found in the small intestine of carnivores. The disease, called cystic echinococcosis, is among the most neglected parasitic diseases despite the development of new drugs and other treatment modalities. Although all of us know the vital cycle of the parasite and the different aspects of the disease, the designations around the parasite, its evolution and some therapeutic procedures are not uniform. It would be useful, for all of us, to use the same nomenclature and it is absolutely necessary that the nomenclature is correct and universally accepted. In this paper I remember the correct terms related to all aspects of the hydatid cyst’s nomenclature, including especially the anatomical and surgical terminology, as well as the criteria to define the cyst inactivity and the way to know when the cyst range the inactive stage after therapy.

     

组合抗原金标渗滤快速诊断法对两型包虫病的诊断价值与评价

目的对比研究包虫病组合抗原金标渗滤（DIGFA）快速法对两型包虫病的诊断价值。方法手术和病理检查确诊的87例包虫病例,经DIGFA诊断的为实验组;经影像学诊断的为对照组;DIGFA并与同批病例中45例间接血凝试验（IHA）和42例酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）病例作对比研究。结果囊型包虫病中影像学确诊率为94．02％,DIGFA确诊率为79．10％,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;泡型包虫病中DIGFA确诊率为95．00％,影像学确诊率为70．00％,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;DIGFA总确诊率82．75％与IHA确诊率2．22％和ELISA确诊率16．67％之间差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论DIGFA对泡型包虫病诊断更加有临床意义,影像学对囊型包虫病确诊率高,在血清学检查中DIGFA确诊率明显高于IHA和ELISA。DIGFA具有敏感性高、特异性好、且快速、操作简便的优点。     

彭措热登先生治疗包虫病的经验

彭措热登第六代阿池国塔医生传人于藏历水马1942年出生于康·德格阿池藏医世家,8岁跟随祖父学习藏文化基础知识,12岁至18岁期间系统学习和背诵藏医经典巨著《四部医典》。分别拜祖父第五代阿池国塔嘎玛多旦、热嬢曲达、当琼罗确等藏医学者为师,学习藏医理论及秘方传承工作。1984年至1998年期间成立白玉县藏医院并担任该院院长。     

2011年甘孜藏族自治州包虫病疫情分析

目的 了解甘孜州包虫病疫情分布状况及流行病学特点,为制定防治策略措施提供依据.方法 利用SPSS12.0软件对截至2011年全州发现并录入四川省包虫病病人管理信息系统数据进行统计分析.结果 截至2011年全州包虫病病人信息管理系统报告包虫病病例9 251例,其中囊型6 015例、泡型3 043例、混合感染193例,囊型、泡型比例约为1.98∶1;男女性别比例约为1∶1.25,患者最小年龄2岁,最大年龄99岁,平均年龄42岁,主要集中在20～ 60岁,占全部病例的71.89％;病例分布呈现牧区高于半农半牧区,半农半牧区高于农区的特点,约93.46％的病例集中分布在石渠、色达、德格、甘孜、白玉、理塘6县.结论 包虫病在甘孜藏族自治州流行范围广、危害程度深,是当地主要公共卫生问题,需要继续加大包虫病防治力度.     

宁夏西吉县中小学生包虫病感染情况分析

目的了解宁夏西吉县在校中小学生包虫病感染的情况,为制定包虫病的防控策略提供科学依据。方法 2006-2007年采用随机抽样的方法,将宁夏西吉县及周边4个镇15个乡26个村的在校中小学生作为调查对象进行血清包虫抗体的检测和腹部B超检查,并将这两种检测结果进行分析比较。结果在被调查的1467名中小学生中,ELISA法检测包虫阳性率分别为1.57%(23/1467),B超法检测包虫阳性率分别为1.16%(17/1467)。≥10岁年龄组较<10岁年龄人群包虫阳性率高(P<0.01),ELISA法检测的阳性率分别为2.19%,B超法检测的阳性率为1.16%。ELISA法检测包虫抗体女性阳性率为3.01%,高于男性0.83%,包虫抗体阳性率在不同性别组间差异有统计学意义(χ2=10.19,P<0.05);B超法检查女性阳性率(2.61%)高于男性(0.41%),包虫感染在各年龄组阳性人群组间差异有统计学意义(χ2=13.87,P<0.01)。包虫感染阳性率在不同民族之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论宁夏西吉县中小学生存在包虫感染情况,包虫感染率与年龄、性别有关。