5-HT 102T/C多态性与Tourette综合征的病例对照及核心家系关联分析

目的 研究5－羟色胺受体102T／C多态性是否与Tourette综合征（TS）相关联,方法对157个核心家系样本采用病例－对照关联分析,传递不平衡检验方法,聚合酶链反应及RFLP等技术,根据TS与强迫症（obsessive compulsive disorder,OCD)的同病现象,将TS划分亚组进行与5－羟色胺受体102T／C多态性的关联分析。结果 合并OCD的TS与该位点的基因型102C／C（X2＝8．38,P＝0．004）及等位基因102C／（X2＝4．84,P＝0．028）存在关联,进一步采用传递不平衡分析,发现合并（美国精神疾病诊断和统计手册IV》论断标准的OCD的TS与该位点存在关联或连锁不平衡（X2＝5．12,,P＝0．02）,而在TS总体样本及单纯TS样本中未发现与该位点的关联,结论 5－羟色胺受体102T／C多态性与中国人群合并OCD的TS存在关联,合并OCD的TS可能是TS中相对独立的一个亚型。     

Formation of Morphine Tolerance in Offspring of Morphine-Tolerant Animals: Neurochemical and Neuroimmune Correlates

We carried out a complex physiological, neurochemical, and neuroimmunologic study of the formation of tolerance to analgetic effect of morphine and analyzed enkephalinase A activity in different brain structures and serotonin antibodies in the serum. More early development of morphine tolerance and a sharp increase in serum antibody titer was found in the offspring of morphine-tolerant rats. This points to an imbalance in the neurotransmitter system and can serve as a diagnostic marker of endogenous opioid system pathology.     

5一羟色胺能神经对横断损伤脊髓的再支配-脊髓内移植研究

用成年SD大鼠20只在脊髓的低位胸髓完全横断损伤,分别在1周和1月后,用富含5一羟色胺(5—HT)神经元的胚鼠脑干中缝组织悬液植人损伤尾侧的脊髓内,动物存活2个月,脊髓作5—HT免疫组化观察.结果:(1)胚5-HT能神经元能在成年大鼠脊髓内存活,5-HT纤维大多在灰质中延伸并向靶区分布,(2)损伤后1周移植组的5-HT能神经元存活量,5-HT纤维在宿主脊髓内延伸距离,以及5-HT末梢再分布的密度都优于损伤后1月移植组.     

Common clinical manifestations of serotonin deficiency and intoxication syndrome

Clinical manifestations of serotonin deficiency, its genesis, diagnostics, and treatment are described. the contribution of free hemoglobin and myoglobin to the genesis of absolute serotonin deficiency — disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) syndrome — is shown. Evidence is presented suggesting that chronic serotonin deficiency underlies aged-related and diabetic angiopathies. It is demonstrated that the serotonin deficiency syndrome has common clinical manifestations with the intoxication syndrome. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 123, No. 6, pp. 604–613, June, 1997     

Metabolism of Biogenic Amines in Rat Brain during Pilocarpine-Induced Aggression

Quantitative distribution of bioactive substances in the brain of aggressive rats was studied. The norepinephrine/serotonin ratio increased in the temporal and parietal lobes, hypothalamus, and hippocampus of killer rats. The open filed behavior of aggressive rats is characterized by a long latency period, low locomotor activity, and slow movements. Exposure to constant darkness aggravated abnormal behavioral characteristics of aggressive rats. Serotonin content in the hypothalamus and visual cortex of these rats decreased by 75 and 76%, respectively.     

P物质、亮氨酸脑啡肽、5-羟色胺样成分在新生儿中脑导水管周围灰质的分布

本文用PAP和ABC法对3例生后1—2天新生儿中脑导水管周围灰质(PAG)内P物质、亮氨酸脑啡肽、5-羟色胺样成分的分布进行了观察。发现P物质样阳性胞体主要位于PAG的中、尾段,分为位于腹外侧区的腹侧群和位于腹外侧区与背外侧区交界处的外侧群等两群。其阳性纤维和终末以背侧区为最密。亮氨酸脑啡肽样阳性胞体也出现于PAG中、尾段的各个区内,以腹外侧区数量为多,其阳性纤维及终末也以腹外侧区最密集。5-羟色胺样阳性胞体集中在PAG中、尾段的腹外侧区,其阳性纤维及终末主要分布于PAG的内侧区。本文还对此三种物质与镇痛机制的关系进行了讨论。     

Effects of the C-terminal Peptide of the αs subunit of the G protein on the regulation of Adenylyl Cyclase and Protein Kinase A activities by Biogenic Amines and Glucagon in Mollusk and Rat Muscles

The C-terminal parts of the subunits of heteromeric G proteins play an important role in the functional linkage of G proteins with receptors of the serpentine type. The present report describes studies of the effects of the C-terminal octapeptide 387–394 of the _s subunit of the mammalian G protein on the transmission of the hormonal signal via the hormone-sensitive adenylyl cyclase signal system, whose major components are receptors of the serpentine type, G proteins, and the enzymes adenylyl cyclase and protein kinase A. The peptide synthesized here, 387–394 amide (10^–7 - 10^–4 M), dose-dependently decreased adenylyl cyclase and protein kinase A activities stimulated by serotonin and glucagon in smooth muscle from the freshwater bivalve mollusk Anodonta cygnea and by the agonist isoproterenol in rat skeletal muscle. At a concentration as low as 10^–7 M, the peptide released potentiation of the stimulatory effects of hormones on adenylyl cyclase activity due to the non-hydrolyzable guanine nucleotide analog Gpp[NH]p. At the same time, it had almost no effect on the stimulation of adenylyl cyclase activity by non-hormonal agents (NaF, Gpp[NH]p, and forskolin). The inhibitory effects of hormones on adenylyl cyclase and protein kinase A activities persisted in the presence of the peptide. Our data demonstrate the importance of the C-terminal part of the _s subunit of the stimulatory G protein for its functional linkage with receptors of the serpentine type and throw light on the molecular mechanisms of the interactions between G proteins and receptors.Translated from Rossiiskii Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal imeni I. M. Sechenova, Vol. 89, No. 7, pp. 837–850, July, 2003.     

Liberation of histamine and serotonin and vascular permeability in an acute aseptic inflammatory focus

Degranulation of mast cells of a peritoneal suspension and of the mesentery of the small intestine and liberation of histamine and serotonin in albino rats with acute aseptic peritonitis were shown to begin during the first minute after injury and to reach a maximum at the fifth minute. By the 15th minute the concentrations of the free amines had fallen sharply and did not differ significantly from the initial levels. The dynamics of the immediate phase of increased vascular permeability corresponded to the dynamics of the free amines. The most marked increase in vascular permeability was observed at the 10th–15th minutes. By the 20th minute it was appreciably lower. Preliminary exhaustion of histamine and serotonin reserves reduced the degree of disturbance of vascular permeability only during the first 15 min after application of the inflammatory agent. It is conculted that histamine and serotonin cause disturbance of vascular permeability in acute aseptic peritonitis chiefly during the first 15 min after injury.Department of Pathological Physiology, Khar'kov Medical Institute. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. D. Ado.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 84, No. 12, pp. 660–664, December, 1977.     

Identified higher-order neurons controlling the feeding motor program of helisoma

A bilaterally symmetrical pair of neurons in the anterior region of the cerebral ganglia of the snail Helisoma trivolvis were found to have excitatory input to the feeding motor program contained in the buccal ganglia. Intracellular microelectrodes were used to stimulate and record from these cells while the motor output of the buccal ganglia was monitored with a combination of intracellular and extracellular recordings. Experimentally evoked tonic activity in an individual cerebral cell could initiate and maintain the patterned motor output from buccal ganglia, characteristic of the activity underlying buccal mass feeding movements. The rate of buccal motor output could be modified directly by varying the firing frequency of the cerebral cell. Cobaltous chloride backfills of cerebrobuccal connectives revealed that these higher-order neurons were the only large cells in the anterior portion of the ganglia to send processes into the connectives. Furthermore, they are the only cells in this region to fluoresce when processed with a sucrose-phosphate-glyoxylic acid solution, indicating that they contain an indoleamine, probably serotonin. Application of low concentrations of serotonin to isolated buccal ganglia or buccal ganglia-buccal mass preparations mimics the effects of the cerebral cells' activity on the buccal motor output, implying that serotonin is a putative transmitter for these cerebral cells.