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81.
Posterior cranial fossa dimensions in the Chiari I malformation: Relation to pathogenesis and clinical presentation 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
Summary Skull dimensions were measured on lateral skull radiographs in 33 adult patients with MRI-verified Chiari I malformations and in 40 controls. The posterior cranial fossa was significantly smaller and shallower in patients than in controls. In the patients, there was a positive correlation between posterior fossa size and the degree of the cerebellar ectopia, which might indicate that a posterior cranial fossa which was originally too small had been expanded by the herniation of hindbrain structures at an early stage. Pyramidal signs and cerebellar symptoms and signs, which may be due to compression of neural structures, were associated with a large degree of ectopia and a relatively large posterior cranial fossa. Syringomyelia and headache, which may be due to the valve action of the herniated cerebellar tissue, were not associated with a particularly large posterior fossa or herniation. No special clinical presentation was associated with a very small posterior cranial fossa, which may indicate that a small posterior cranial fossa per se has little or no clinical significance, although it may be the primary developmental anomaly. 相似文献
82.
A case of MELAS (mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes) which presented as migraine
complicated by stroke is reported. Strokes associated with migraine have often been reported, but the mechanism remains unclear
and may include a variety of pathologies. MELAS also presents with migrainous headache, vomiting, and stroke-like symptoms.
Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrates characteristic findings. MELAS should be considered in the differential diagnosis
of infarct-like lesions with migrainous headaches in young adults, especially if the symptoms fluctuate and are accompanied
by a homonymous hemianopia.
Received: 23 September 1996 Accepted: 19 February 1997 相似文献
83.
Lyme disease is a cause of illness involving multiple organ systems, including, in 10–15 % of cases, the nervous system.
Peripheral radiculoneuritis, cranial neuritis, encephalitis and myelitis are among the neurological manifestations found in
the second and third stages. We present the MRI findings in isolated oculomotor nerve involvement by Lyme disease and discuss
the differential diagnosis.
Received: 14 June 1995 Accepted: 16 January 1996 相似文献
84.
We correlated MRI features with histopathological findings in an HIV-positive patient with vacuolar myelopathy. On MRI symmetrical
nonenhancing high-signal areas in the posterior columns on T2-weighted images result from extensive vacuolation visible on
histological sections.
Received: 18 November 1997 Accepted: 23 March 1997 相似文献
85.
A. Rimmelin P. L. Clouet S. Salatino P. Kehrli D. Maitrot M. Stephan J. L. Dietemann 《Neuroradiology》1997,39(3):203-206
Extradural arachnoid cysts are uncommon expanding lesions in the spinal canal which may communicate with the subarachnoid
space. Usually in the lower thoracic spine, they may cause symptoms by compressing the spinal cord or nerve roots. We report
cases of thoracic and lumbar arachnoid cysts studied by cystography, myelography, CT and MRI. These techniques showed extradural
cystic lesions containing cerebrospinal fluid, with variable communication with the subarachnoid space, causing anterior displacement
and flattening of the spinal cord.
Received: 3 November 1995 Accepted: 16 April 1996 相似文献
86.
Neurosarcoma is a rare tumour originating from the sheath of peripheral nerves. Facial lesions have been reported in about
20 patients. We describe the MRI appearances of neurosarcoma with histological correlation in three patients. The lesions
lay in the submandibular region, the left parapharyngeal space and the right orbit. MRI showed a well-defined mass with mixed
components. The lesions were moderately heterogeneous on T1-weighted images in two cases and on T2-weighted images in all
cases. Gadolinium enhancement occurred in all cases to variable degrees. In two cases, small high signal foci were seen on
T2-weighted sequences. MRI appearances of neurosarcoma are not specific.
Received: 3 September 1996 Accepted: 26 November 1996 相似文献
87.
Summary
High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) provides excellent contrast between osseous structures, air and soft tissue in
conjunction with high spatial resolution. Therefore, thin-section HRCT with bone window setting is the method of choice for
the examination of the middle ear structures. The indications are acute and chronic inflammatory changes, cholesteatoma and
tumor, the “postoperative middle ear”, and malformations. In most cases, HRCT enables differentiation between inflammatory
changes, cholesteatoma, and tumor. The excellent depiction of subtle osseous details enables the identification of erosions
of the ossicles or of the bony walls of the mastoid cells, of osseous defects of the tegmen, of the bony labyrinth, and of
the tympanic course of the facial canal. In addition, HRCT enables excellent depiction of reconstructions of the ossicles
or prosthesis of the ossicles. Although HRCT is the first method of choice, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may provide additional
information and lead to a more accurate diagnosis in some cases. This is explained by the excellent soft tissue contrast provided
by MRI. In addition, MRI offers the possibility of using various pulse sequences and the administration of IV contrast material.
Therefore, MRI may allow the differentiation between inflammatory changes, cholesteatoma, and tumor in those cases in which
accurate diagnosis cannot be made by HRCT. The differentiation between a meningocele or meningoencephalocele and other entities
such as tumors or cholesteatoma can be established by MRI. Furthermore, MRI can accurately depict cases of labyrinthitis or
of neuritis of the facial nerve or of intracranial disease caused by middle ear processes, while this is not always possible
by HRCT.
In summary, HRCT of the middle ear is the method of choice, but MRI may provide supplementary information in those cases in
which accurate diagnosis cannot be established by HRCT.
相似文献
88.
磁刺激运动诱发电位在腰椎间盘突出所致的腰骶神经根病变中的应用研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在35例有L5和/或S1神经根损害表现的腰椎间盘突出患者腰椎区进行磁刺激运动诱发电位(MEP)检查,测定、记录胫前肌、展肌和小趾展肌MEP的起始潜伏期(OL)。结果显示,35例中至少有一条总侧肌肉MEP异常33例(94.3%)。在L4-5椎间盘突出中,以胫前肌的MEP异常为主;在L5-S1椎间盘突出中,以小趾展肌的MEP异常为主。表明腰椎区MEP检查对腰椎间盘突出所致的腰骶神经根病变较为敏感,可为临床诊断提供可靠依据并有助于定位诊断。 相似文献
89.
S. C. Chin C. Y. Chen C. C. Lee F. H. Chen K. W. Lee H. S. Hsiao R. A. Zimmerman 《Neuroradiology》1998,40(3):181-183
We report MRI and angiographic findings of an unusual giant arachnoid granulation in the left sigmoid sinus in a boy with
headache. Its signal intensity was lower than that of cerebral cortex on T1-weighted images and higher on T2 weighting, mimicking
dural sinus thrombosis.
Received: 17 February 1997 Accepted: 17 February 1997 相似文献
90.
S. Lehéricy F. Semah D. Hasboun D. Dormont S. Clémenceau O. Granat C. Marsault M. Baulac 《Neuroradiology》1997,39(11):788-796
MRI was performed in 222 consecutive adult patients with temporal lobe epilepsy of varying severity from January 1991 to
May 1993. The diagnosis of hippocampal sclerosis was established visually by three independent observers. The accuracy of
visual assessment of hippocampal asymmetry was compared with volumetric measurements. Neuropathological correlations were
obtained in 63 patients with refractory seizures. Temporal lobe abnormalities were observed in 180 patients (81 %) as follows:
hippocampal sclerosis in 122 (55 %); developmental abnormalities in 16 (7.2 %); tumours in 15 (6.8 %); scars in 11 (5 %);
cavernous angiomas in 10 (4.5 %); miscellaneous lesions in 6. MRI was normal or showed unrelated changes in 42 patients (19
%). Visual assessment correctly lateralised hippocampal sclerosis in 79 of the 84 patients measured (94 %). Temporal lobectomy
confirmed the MRI data (side and aetiology) in all 63 operated patients. Patients with normal MRI had an older age of seizure
onset and were more often drug-responsive than patients with hippocampal sclerosis. MRI showed temporal lobe abnormalities
in 81 % of epileptic patients with varying severity with good neuropathological correlation. Patients with normal MRI had
a less severe form of the disease.
Received: 19 August 1996 Accepted: 13 November 1996 相似文献