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21.
Abstract It is well established that thrombolytic therapy increases the risk of secondary intracerebral hemorrhage in ischemic stroke
patients. However, the term “intracerebral hemorrhage” (ICH) covers a wide spectrum from tiny spots of blood to massive space-occupying
hematoma. We will review the etiology and clinical consequences of secondary hemorrhage after thrombolysis in ischemic stroke
patients and discuss the ability of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to predict this phenomenon. MRI is a highly sensitive
tool for detection of hemorrhagic transformation after ischemic stroke. The definitions of a so-called symptomatic hemorrhage
after ischemic infarction differ considerably and will also be described. Attributing a causal relationship of a clinical
deterioration to a secondary hemorrhage is not easy and should be only addressed when it exceeds at least 30% of the infarct
volume. In other patients, secondary hemorrhage might be regarded as side effect of reperfusion within the region with the
most severe perfusion deficit. Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) are a frequent finding in patients with leukoaraiosis and appear
to be a general marker of various types of bleeding- prone small vessel disease and a predictor of recurrent vascular events.
Current data do not support the hypothesis that the detection of CMBs is a useful diagnostic criterion for the exclusion of
patients with CMBs from thrombolytic therapy. However, an increased risk for the rare patients with numerous CMBs can not
be ruled out.
相似文献
22.
目的:观察米索前列醇预防剖宫产手术后出血的临床效果。方法:随机将有剖宫产手术指征的344例孕妇分为3组,分别为在胎儿娩出后给予米索前列醇200mg舌下含化(A组)、缩宫素静脉滴注及子宫肌层注射(B组)和对照组(C组,不给予任何药物),观察产后不同时间的出血量。结果:产后出血量及出血发生率A、B组均明显少于C组(P<0·05)。结论:米索前列醇对分娩后子宫具有较好的收缩作用,且给药方便、安全性较好。 相似文献
23.
Objective To assess the radiological characteristics and therapeutic strategies of intracranial aneurysms in children. Methods From our dedicated neurovascular databank of patients, we reviewed 23 consecutive children who had 24 intracranial aneurysms. There were 14 boys and 9 girls with a mean age of 9.09 years ( range 1 - 14 years ). Results Intracranial aneurysms in children ≤ 14 years constituted 1.3% of all intracranial aneurysms. Internal Carotid artery (ICA) and middle cerebral artery (MCA) were the most frequent sites for aneurysms. About 58.3% of the aneurysms were complex, including dissecting, pseudoaneurysm, giant and fusiform aneurysm. 1/3 of all aneurysms were located in posterior circulation. Only 1 case had multiple aneurysms in this case series. Almost half of all cases presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage and others presented with mass effect. 14 cases underwent endovascular treatment. 4 patients received microsurgical therapy. 5 cases did not receive microsurgical or endovascular therapy, 2 of them whose aneurysms spontaneously thrombosed during follow up. One boy with left vertebral artery giant aneurysm died after endovascular therapy owing to gradual thrombosis in basilar artery. Another child had poor outcome because of rerupture of aneurysm before operation. Whereas the majority had a favorable outcome. Conclusions Intracranial aneurysms in children had many clinical and radiological characteristics different from those in adults : ( 1 ) remarkable male predominance; ( 2 ) ICA and MCA were the most common sites for aneurysms; (3) high incidence of large, traumatic, infectious, dissecting and fusiform aneurysms. (4)For pediatric intracranial aneurysms, both microsurgical approaches and endovascular treatment were effective. Endovaacular therapy was the best choice for complex aneurysms. 相似文献
24.
动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血后慢性脑积水 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
目的探讨动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血后(aSAH)慢性脑积水的发生率及其易患因素。方法回顾性研究2003年1月至2005年9月我科aSAH病例221例,采用单因素及多因素统计方法分析与慢性脑积水发生的相关影响因素。结果慢性脑积水的发生率为12.7%(28/221)。经单因素分析显示,患者年龄、Hunt-Hess级别、Fisher级别、前交通动脉瘤、aSAH次数以及脑室内出血具有统计学意义;多因素logistic回归分析显示,Fisher级别、脑室内出血、aSAH次数、前交通动脉瘤具有统计学意义。结论慢性脑积水为aSAH后一较常见并发症,影响其发生的高危因素包括Fisher级别、脑室内出血、aSAH次数、前交通动脉瘤。对具上述危险因素的aSAH患者应注意跟踪随访,及时诊治。 相似文献
25.
未控制出血性休克与TNF—a的关联性及不同液体复苏的作用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的 研究未控制出血性休克时不同液体复苏的作用以及,INF—a的变化规律,以期阐明限制性液体复苏降低未控制出血性休克的死亡率和改善预后的相关机制。方法采用改良后的Krausz方法建立重度脾创伤未控制出血性休克大鼠模型。采用随机分组的原则将大鼠分为假处理组、限制输液组、常规输液组、不输液组。观察各组动物的出血量、输液量、存活率、存活时间及各时间点的血压、血细胞比容(Hct)和TNF—a的变化情况。结果①限制输液组的输液量明显少于常规输液组(P〈0.05),出血量也明显少于常规输液组(P〈0.05)。②限制输液组Hct明显高于常规输液组(P〈0.05)。②限制输液组的存活时间比常规输液组及不输液组明显延长(P均〈0.05)。限制输液组在72h内的存活率明显高于常规输液组和不输液组。但低于假处理组(P均〈0.1)。④除假处理组外其余各组在伤后90min和180min血TNF—a水平均较伤前均有明显升高(P均〈0.05);常规输液组,TNF—a水平明显高于限制输液组(P〈0.05)。⑤死亡者TNF—a水平明显高于生存者。结论本研究结果表明,在重度未控制出血条件下,限制性液体复苏可明显降低出血量,提高存活率。未控制性出血休克时的TNF—a水平与预后密切相关,TNF—a高预后不良,而限制性液体复苏时TNF—a水平明显降低。 相似文献
26.
27.
目的研究胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)在实验性大鼠脑出血后脑组织中的表达厦其对细胞凋亡的影响。方法应用立体定向技术,将自体未抗凝血注入大鼠基底节区以制备脑出血模型;将动物分为正常对照组、实验组厦干预组,分别在不同时间断头取脑以制作标本,连续切片分别作IGF-1阳性细胞免疫组化染色及TUNEL染色。结果脑出血后2h血肿周围脑组织表达IGF-1,24h达表达高峰,7d时恢复正常;TUNEL染色阳性细胞于脑出血后8h开始出现,3d时达高峰,7d时仍有表达;给予外源性IGF-1后,凋亡细胞显著减少,与同时点实验组相比,差别有显著性。结论脑出血后IGF-1可抑制细胞凋亡的发生,从而减轻脑出血后继发性脑损伤。 相似文献
28.
笔者对13例良性小脑出血的患者,从起病、临床表现进行了具体分析.总结出中老年良性小脑出血的6个特点,供临床工作者参考. 相似文献
29.
急性脑血管病肿瘤坏死因子-α的临床研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的:探讨肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)在急性脑血管病(ACVD)中的作用及其变化的临床意义。方法:选取95例ACVD患者,并设性别及年龄相匹配的血清对照组(20例)及脑脊液对照组(10例)。应用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)于发病后第1、3、7、14d测定血清和脑脊液中TNF-α。结果:①三种脑血管病患者血清TNF-α动态变化存在差异,脑出血和脑梗死组的峰值单间为发病后第3d,而蛛网膜下腔出血(SAH)组为第1d。②脑梗死患者血清TNF-α水平与梗死面积、神经功能缺损程度及病情恶化与否相关。③SAH组于发病后第1d、3d、7d脑脊液TNF-α值高于血清,14d时降至对照组水平并与血清无差异。结论:①脑梗死患者血清TNF-α的动态观察,可为临床预测梗死灶大小、神经功能缺损程度及病情恶化与否提供依据。②发病早期的脑梗死患者若CT未能显示病灶时,血清TNF-α的明显升高有助于临床诊断和治疗。③SAH患者脑脊液中TNF-α水平明显高于血清,进一步提示脑内神经组织可产生TNF-α。脑脊液中TNF-α的持续明显升高可能与SAH后脑血管痉挛有关。④TNF-α参与了ACVD的炎性反应过程,早期抑制TNF产生及抗炎性反应的治疗可能具有潜在的临床价值。 相似文献
30.
Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in preterm infants is well known to be associated with the high morbidity and mortality of this group. Previous studies have suggested altered cerebral blood flow (CBF) as an important pathologic factor. We measured the CBF in nearterm rabbit fetuses using the hydrogen clearance technique. The local CBF of the rabbit fetuses was significantly low compared with that of the maternal rabbits. The response of CBF to changes in PaCO2 was observed in rabbit fetuses. The CO2 reactivity index of the fetal rabbit was lower than that of the maternal rabbit. This low CO2 reactivity might reflect the immaturity of the fetal brain and its low CBF. We were unable to monitor the fetal blood pressure, but the fetal CBF remained stable when the maternal blood pressure was altered. It is well known that IVH in preterm infants originates from the subependymal germinal matrix and that this has many fragile vessels. Our observation suggests that even a small increase of CBF during hypercapnia might have a large effect towards producing hemorrhage. 相似文献