生殖专科机构预防新型冠状病毒肺炎感染的措施

新型冠状病毒肺炎(简称新冠肺炎, COVID-19)是近期流行的一种新发传染病,已造成大量人员感染,其中包括医务人员。为预防生殖医学的医院感染,有效降低新冠肺炎在生殖专科机构传播的风险,通过查询相关文献、指南和规范等,并结合生殖医学特点,制定生殖医学有关的临床区、手术室和实验室及相关人员预防新冠肺炎的措施。     

电针深刺八髎穴治疗女性压力性尿失禁的临床观察

目的:评价电针深刺八髎穴治疗压力性尿失禁的疗效.方法:将60例压力性尿失禁的女性患者按就诊先后顺序分为两组,每组30例.对照组给予盆底肌训练,治疗组给予电针深刺八髎穴(上髎、次髎、中髎和下髎).结果:治疗组总有效率为93.3%,对照组为33.3%,治疗组的总有效率明显高于对照组(P<0.05).治疗后,两组国际尿失禁咨询委员会尿失禁问卷表简表(ICIQ-SF)评分及漏尿量均低于治疗前(均P<0.05),治疗组ICIQ-SF评分及漏尿量均低于对照组(均P<0.05).结论:长针深刺八髎穴能改善压力性尿失禁女性临床症状,疗效优于盆底肌训练.     

阴道锥体训练联合生物反馈盆底肌治疗尿失禁老年人盆底肌康复研究现状

目的研究阴道锥体训练联合生物反馈盆底肌治疗尿失禁老年人的临床疗效及对盆底肌的影响。方法选取84例从2016年9月至2018年3月本院收治的尿失禁老年患者进行研究,以随机抽签法将其均分为联合组及对照组,每组42例。对照组予以常规盆底肌训练治疗,联合组则予以阴道锥体训练联合生物反馈盆底肌治疗。对比两组在临床疗效、治疗前后盆底肌力情况、治疗前后尿动力学参数指标水平以及生活质量变化情况等方面的差异。结果联合组与对照组在总有效率方面比较,前者高于后者(P<0.05)。治疗后联合组盆底肌力分级为Ⅳ级、Ⅴ级的人数占比相比对照组较高(P<0.05)。治疗后联合组与对照组在VLPP、PMUC水平方面比较,前者高于后者(P<0.05)。治疗后联合组与对照组I-QOL评分相比治疗前较高,且联合组相比对照组较高(P<0.05)。结论阴道锥体训练联合生物反馈盆底肌治疗老年尿失禁患者的疗效显著,有利于促进盆底肌力的恢复,且有效改善患者尿动力学参数,提高生活质量,具有较高的临床推广应用价值。     

Mildly decreased preoperative bilirubin levels are associated with infections after shoulder and knee arthroplasty

Increasing numbers of arthroplasties are also accompanied by postoperative infections. The main purpose was to evaluate preoperative serum bilirubin levels between patients with and without infections after shoulder and knee arthroplasties. For this retrospective case-control single-center study, a total of 108 patients were extracted from a prospectively collected database. Eighteen patients with infections after shoulder (n = 8) and knee (n = 10) arthroplasty were matched by age, gender, and implant type in a 1:5-scenario to 90 patients (40 shoulders and 50 knees) without postoperative infection. Demographic data, preoperative blood parameters, and postoperative infection-related outcomes were evaluated. Total bilirubin was the only preoperative parameter significantly different between the infection (8.21 ± 3.25 μmol/L or 0.48 ± 0.19 mg/dL) and noninfection (10.78 ± 4.62 μmol/L or 0.63 ± 0.27 mg/dL; P = .014) group, while C-reactive protein and other liver parameters were similar between the groups. Significantly more controls (92.1%) had preoperative bilirubin levels above 8.72 μmol/L or 0.51 mg/dL than cases (7.9%; P = .007). The 5-year infection survival-rate was 65.6% for patients with preoperative bilirubin levels < 8.72 μmol/L or < 0.51 mg/dL and 91.2% with ≥ 8.72 μmol/L or ≥ 0.51 mg/dL. Mildly decreased preoperative bilirubin levels with a cutoff at 8.72 μmol/L or 0.51 mg/dL were significantly associated to patients with infections after shoulder and knee arthroplasty. There were no differences in other blood parameters or comorbidities between patients with infections and their matched-controls.     

Auditory findings associated with Zika virus infection: an integrative review

IntroductionPossible associations between Zika virus infection and hearing loss were observed during the epidemic in the Americas.ObjectiveTo describe the auditory alterations, pathogenesis and recommendations for follow-up in individuals with prenatal or acquired Zika virus infection.MethodsBibliographic research conducted in March/2018–April/2019 at the main available databases. Article selection, data extraction and quality evaluation were carried out by two independent reviewers. Studies containing auditory evaluation of patients with congenital or acquired Zika virus infection; and/or hypotheses or evidences on the pathophysiology of auditory impairment associated with Zika virus; and/or recommendations on screening and follow-up of patients with auditory impairment by Zika virus were included.ResultsA total of 27 articles were selected. Sensorineural and transient hearing loss were reported in six adults with acquired Zika virus infection. Of the 962 studied children, 482 had microcephaly and 145 had diagnostic confirmation of Zika virus; 515 of the 624 children with auditory evaluation performed only screening tests with otoacoustic emissions testing and/or automated click-stimuli auditory brainstem response testing. Studies in prenatally exposed children were very heterogeneous and great variations in the frequency of altered otoacoustic emissions and automated click-stimuli auditory brainstem response occurred across the studies. Altered otoacoustic emissions varied from 0% to 75%, while altered automated click-stimuli auditory brainstem response varied from 0% to 29.2%. Sensorineural, retrocochlear or central origin impairment could not be ruled out. One study with infected mice found no microscopic damage to cochlear hair cells. Studies on the pathogenesis of auditory changes in humans are limited to hypotheses and recommendations still include points of controversy.ConclusionThe available data are still insufficient to understand the full spectrum of the involvement of the auditory organs by Zika virus, the pathogenesis of this involvement or even to confirm the causal association between auditory involvement and virus infection. The screening and follow-up recommendations still present points of controversy.     

消化道恶性肿瘤住院患者的能量消耗研究

目的评估消化道恶性肿瘤患者的能量消耗，探讨最佳计算公式及能量消耗的影响因素。方法采用连续入组法，纳入2016年3月至2016年12月在陆军军医大学第一附属医院肿瘤科住院治疗患者，运用代谢车测定其静息代谢能量（REE），使用Harris-Benedict公式和30kcal/（kg·d） 公式预测患者的一日总能量消耗（TEE）。收集研究对象的相关指标如年龄、身高、体重、病程、原位癌部位、是否荷瘤等。结果共纳入26例患者，其中包括食管癌11例，胃癌8例，结直肠癌7例，73%的患者处于高代谢状态，约69%的患者处于肿瘤Ⅳ期；其中不同病程和原位癌位置与静息能量消耗有差异，差异具有统计学意义；用30kcal/（kg·d）×体重估算TEE可能并不适用于消瘦的消化道肿瘤患者。结论消化道恶性肿瘤患者大多存在营养不良且处于高代谢状态，在给消化道恶性肿瘤患者提供能量时应适当考虑病程长短、肿瘤分期以及肿瘤部位等因素。尽量使用代谢车估算恶性肿瘤患者的TEE，若没有代谢车条件时，对于能下床活动的消化道恶性肿瘤患者，体质指数（BMI）≥18.5kg/m2者推荐使用30kcal/（kg·d）×实际体重的方法估算TEE，BMI<18.5kg/m2者推荐使用30kcal/（kg·d）×标准体重的方法估算TEE。