Recurrent priapism in spinal cord injury: A case report

Context: Recurrent priapism is characterized by repetitive episodes of erections which are unrelated to sexual interest or stimulation. It is extremely rare in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). There are a number of conservative agents used in the treatment.Findings: We describe the case of a 20-year-old male with cervical-5 American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Impairment Scale (AIS) grade A tetraplegia as a result of a diving accident 2 years ago. He declared that the recurrent penile erections occurred up to 15–20 times day and night every day and lasted up to 20 min each time unrelated to sexual interest or stimulation. He was prescribed baclofen 10 mg, twice daily. The frequency and duration of erections decreased to 3–5 times/day lasting for about 5 min each and the patient reported a high treatment satisfaction.Conclusion: The presentation of this case is to remind clinicians this rare but distressing condition of recurrent priapism seen in men with complete spinal cord lesions and to summarize the use of medications, most commonly baclofen, to alleviate the condition.     

Retrospective study of functional outcomes and disability after non-ischaemic vascular causes of spinal cord dysfunction

Objective: Describe demographic characteristics, functional outcomes and disability following rehabilitation for non-ischemic vascular spinal cord dysfunction (SCDys).Design: Retrospective, open cohort, case series.Setting: Tertiary rehabilitation unit, Victoria, Australia.Participants: Patients with non-ischemic vascular SCDys admitted over a 21-year-period (01/01/1995–31/12/2015) were identified using International Classification of Diseases codes.Outcome Measures: Demographic characteristics, etiology, neurologic classification, length of stay (LOS), and complications. On admission and discharge, the following were collected: functional independence measure (FIM) motor subscale, details on bowel, bladder, mobility, living arrangement, and support services.Results: 36 patients (female 58%; mean age 69 ± 16 years) were identified. The main causes of non-ischemic vascular SCDys were epidural hematoma (39%), dural arteriovenous fistula (17%), and arteriovenous malformation (11%). 22 cases (61%) were iatrogenic. Most (86%) had incomplete paraplegia. Urinary tract infection was the most common complication (64%). Median LOS in rehabilitation was 68 days. Significant improvement in FIM motor scores was observed from admission (median 25, interquartile range [IQR] 20–38) to discharge (median 69, IQR 38–77) (P < 0.001). On discharge, 4 patients (11%) walked >100 m unaided, 6 (17%) walked >100 m with assistive device, 10 (28%) walked >10 m with assistive device, 15 (41%) were wheelchair dependent and 1 (3%) patient remained non-mobile. 20 patients (56%) were discharged home, 8 (22%) to nursing home, and 8 (22%) transferred to another hospital.Conclusion: Most patients returned home with significantly improved functional outcomes compared to rehabilitation admission, but with the majority having ongoing major disabilities based on FIM motor scores.     

Peer mentoring reduces unplanned readmissions and improves self-efficacy following inpatient rehabilitation for individuals with spinal cord injury

ObjectiveEvaluate effectiveness of peer interventions on self-efficacy, unplanned hospital readmissions, and quality of life for patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) undergoing inpatient rehabilitation.DesignInterrupted time-series analysis (ITSA) examined effects of peer interventions on unplanned readmissions. Intervention variables added to ITSA regression examined relationships with exposure to peer interventions. Heterogeneity of treatment effects (HTE) analysis examined differences in intervention effectiveness for patients with quadriplegia and paraplegia.SettingRehabilitation hospital specializing in SCI and brain injury.ParticipantsSCI inpatients (n = 1117) admitted for rehabilitation whose discharge location was home (77% male, 71% Caucasian, mean age 38.2 (SD 16.8)). A subsample of 799 patients participated in secondary analyses examining relationship between peer interventions, readmissions, changes in patient-reported outcomes, and HTE.InterventionsOne-to-one mentoring and participation in peer-led self-management classes.Main outcome measuresUnplanned readmissions, general self-efficacy (GSE), and depressive symptoms 30, 90, and 180 days post discharge; satisfaction with life at 180 days.ResultsAfter implementing the peer interventions, we observed a significant decrease in both level and slope of number of patients readmitted, and level only of unplanned hospital days 30-days post-discharge. Reduction in the number of patients and unplanned hospital days was associated with number of peer visits but not peer-led education classes attended. Higher self-efficacy (GSE) was associated with greater exposure to peer mentoring, and a significant relationship between improvement in GSE and reduced hospital readmissions was observed.ConclusionsOne-to-one peer mentoring improves self-efficacy and reduces unplanned hospital readmissions following inpatient rehabilitation for persons with SCI.     

快速康复外科理念用于胃节段切除术治疗早期胃癌的临床评价

目的探讨快速康复外科理念(ERAS)用于胃节段切除术治疗早期胃癌的临床效果。方法回顾性队列分析2017年8月至2020年11月接受胃节段切除术的87例早期胃癌患者临床资料,根据围术期是否应用ERAS理念分为ERAS组(47例,应用ERAS理念)和传统组(40例,传统外科康复理念)。采用SPSS 23.0统计分析软件,术后恢复指标、营养状况、疼痛程度、QLQ-C30量表评分以(±s)表示,独立t检验;并发症用χ²检验。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果ERAS组肠音恢复时间、肛门排气时间、首次排便时间、切口愈合时间、术后住院时间均比传统组短(P<0.05)。术后7 d ERAS组自评-主观全面评定量表(PG-SGA)总分、视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分比传统组低(P<0.05)。术后12周ERAS组QLQ-C30量表各维度评分均比传统组高(P<0.05)。ERAS组术后并发症总发生率为12.8%比传统组30.0%低(P<0.05)。结论ERAS理念用于胃节段切除术治疗早期胃癌可加速术后恢复进程,缓解疼痛,改善术后营养状况及生存质量,临床应用价值高。     

治疗青少年首次外伤性髌骨脱位的临床观察

目的探讨青少年首次外伤性髌骨脱位的治疗方案。方法2010年1月至2017年12月上海交通大学医学院附属上海儿童医学中心骨科接诊的外伤性髌骨脱位共62例(62膝)。62例患儿均有下肢外伤史,平均年龄11.9岁。行髌骨复位或者游离体取出术后均行股四头肌肌力训练、内推髌骨、护膝佩戴及避免剧烈活动3个月。结果24例行膝关节穿刺抽吸血肿,平均抽吸血量为20.6 ml。初次发病后平均随访时间3.9年。13例合并膝关节游离体。62例中54例无髌骨脱位复发,8例复发;其中3例复发1次,2例复发2次(该5例中有2例未遵医嘱康复锻炼,遵医嘱康复锻炼后无再脱位);另外3例髌骨再脱位3次以上。再脱位3次和4次后考虑复发性髌骨脱位,行髌骨脱位软组织联合手术后随访3.1年无再脱位。随访患儿平均Kujala评分为93.4分。结论青少年首次外伤性髌骨脱位急性期选择保守治疗,治疗方法操作简单。大部分患儿长期随访效果好,但对患儿及家属依从性要求较高,临床诊疗中可优先考虑保守治疗。如再脱位超过3次以上可考虑伸膝装置软组织重建手术治疗。     

整体护理对脑卒中后吞咽障碍康复的价值

脑卒中后吞咽障碍是脑卒中常见的严重症状之一。目前表明,脑卒中后吞咽障碍发病原因主要为皮质下行纤维、吞咽皮质中枢、延髓吞咽中枢及锥体外系损伤。临床常表现为发音困难、饮食后呛咳噎食、构音障碍、营养不良、吸入性肺炎,增加住院时间、加重经济负担,并严重威胁患者生命健康及生活质量。因此对脑卒中后吞咽障碍的康复护理要求需提出更高的目标。相关研究发现,整体护理对脑卒中后吞咽障碍的康复有重要的临床价值。本文结合近些年来关于对脑卒中后吞咽障碍的整体护理的相关文献,通过对脑卒中后吞咽障碍鉴别方法、时效性护理、基础训练、进食、预防和心理护理的阐述,为今后对吞咽障碍的研究提供参考价值。     

一种肌电控制假手的新型自适应增力机构

介绍一种用于肌电控制假手的新型自适应切换增力机构。对比现在国内外的各种假手增力机构，它不用超越离合器，因而更为简单、可靠、耐用。它不仅为广大的上肢残疾患者带来福音，也是康复器械上的一大革新