The associations of medical marijuana policies with opioid‐related health care utilization

ObjectiveTo examine the associations between medical marijuana policies and opioid‐related hospitalizations and emergency department visits.Data SourcesWe utilized quarterly rates of hospital discharge data from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project''s (HCUP) Fast Stats Database from 2005 to 2016 along with state‐level sociodemographic data from US Census Bureau and Bureau of Labor Statistics and opioid‐related state health policy data from publicly available sources for the analysis.Study DesignAnalyses were carried out using a difference‐in‐differences regression approach. We estimate heterogeneous effects of medical marijuana policies such as initial policy, presence of active dispensary, and home cultivation on opioid‐related hospitalizations and emergency department visits related to opioids.Data Collection/Extraction MethodsPublicly available secondary data were collected, linked, and analyzed. Observations with missing values for explanatory variables were excluded from the analysis.Principal FindingsRegression results indicate that type of medical marijuana policy has varying effects on opioid‐related hospitalizations and emergency department visits. States that allow home cultivation of medical marijuana experienced significant positive associations with opioid‐related hospitalizations and emergency department visits, while no effect was observed with medical marijuana dispensaries. Moreover, recreational marijuana policies were positively associated with opioid‐related hospitalizations.ConclusionsThe findings indicate that the effects of medical marijuana policies on opioid‐related hospitalizations and emergency department visits vary depending on the type of medical marijuana policy. Our findings indicate that the implementation of home cultivation of marijuana is positively associated with hospitalizations and emergency department visits related to opioids, suggesting that easier access to marijuana among opioid users may result in adverse health conditions that need treatment.     

手部肌腱吻合术后康复

目的作者自2000年初至2004年7月进行手部肌腱吻合120例,随访120例,手部肌腱吻合术后进行程序化的康复训练,方法肌腱吻合法均采用3-0或4-0聚丙烯单针缝线、改良的Bunnell、Kessler和肌腱编制缝合法,患者肌腱均为I期手术吻合,术后伤口I/乙愈合105例、II/乙15例,手部肌腱吻合术后均采用程序化的康复训练, 结果对手部肌腱吻合术后的患者进行程序化的康复训练,取得良好的效果. 结论本康复训练程序目前已逐渐形成我院的治疗常规,并逐步推广和普及.     

专科医院住院部各科医疗质量综合评价的初步探讨

目的：探讨专科医院住院各科工作情况综合评价方法,向临床科室提供医疗质量信息,促进医疗质量的提高。方法：以医院工作报表为数据来源,用秩和比法从诊疗质量,工作强度和经济效益三方面量化科室医疗质量考核指标。结果：综合数能更全面、有效、合理地评价住部各科医疗质量优劣等级,提出科室改进的指标。结论：此评价方法简便,实用,有利于深化院内改革,强化行政部门管理。     

Platelet monoamine oxidase in healthy subjects: The “biochemical high-risk paradigm” revisited

Summary Activity of platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) has repeatedly been reported to be associated with various forms of psychopathology. This investigation was designed to reexamine the biochemical high-risk paradigm developed by Buchsbaum et al. (1976). In 383 healthy students (193 males, 190 females) platelet MAO activity was measured. The 35 students with the lowest and 37 with the highest enzyme activities were then examined with three personality tests (16 PF of Cattell, Freiburger Persönlichkeitsinventar, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire). Furthermore, biographic data with respect to psychosocial problems were explored. There were no consistent differences between subjects with low or high platelet MAO. Therefore, we could not confirm any correlation between psychopathology and platelet MAO in this study.Supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft     

Eight month follow-up of delinquent adolescents: predictors of short-term outcome

Clinicians working with young delinquents are concerned with finding methods to predict recidivism in these subjects. It has not been investigated yet to what extent psychiatric assessment can be of any help in this field. In this study, we investigated whether psychiatric assessment can help to predict recidivism in already delinquent adolescents. By means of semi-structured psychiatric assessment (Child Assessment Schedule), developmental interview of the parents and self-report instruments, we assessed the psychiatric status of 72 delinquent adolescents, adjudicated before the Juvenile Court of Antwerp (Belgium). A follow-up of criminal status after eight months was conducted. Self-report questionnaires by the subjects did not differentiate recidivists from non-recidivists, while parent questionnaires did. Through a semi-structured interview, we found that a diagnosis of conduct disorder significantly predicts recidivism, while subjects with ADHD and substance abuse show a tendency towards more recidivism. We were unable, however, due to the small number of subjects showing a psychiatric disorder (e. g. ADHA and PTSD) unrelated to conduct disorder, to assess the relative contribution of these disorders to the recidivism rate. This study found that psychiatric assessment of delinquent adolescents could be of help in predicting recidivism. The necessity of gathering information from parents and teachers is demonstrated. Future research should include a more extensive group of a delinquent adolescent and should focus on the effect of therapeutic interventions. Received: 29 June 1999 / Accepted: 1 February 2000     

295例外科感染患者抗菌药物应用调查分析

目的：探讨医院外科感染病例抗菌药物应用情况.方法：对抗菌药物使用的种类、用药频度、联用、致病菌分离菌株的耐药情况等进行统计分析.结果：阿米卡星、氧氟沙星、甲硝唑、庆大霉素、青霉素、头孢噻肟、环丙沙星、头孢唑林、诺氟沙星、替硝唑的使用频度位居前10位；不合理用药类型主要有选药不当、给药时间不当等.结论：合理应用抗菌药物有利于整体医疗水平的提高,减少耐药菌株的产生.     

药物不良事件的防范研究

目的：探讨心内科病房药物不良事件(ADE)的防范特征。方法：由药师深入心内科病房，集中监测药物不良事件。主要监测内容是药物不良事件的存在与否，可否防范及严重程度。结果：5个月研究期间共鉴定ADE64次，其中28％可以防范。在重度ADE中，50．0％可防范；在中度ADE中，33．3％可防范；在轻度ADE中，可防范的比例最少，为13．6％。结论：药物不良事件中有相当一部分可以防范，而且越是严重的ADE就越有可能被防范。应该采取有效的措施来防范药物不良事件。     

知识管理在我院药学部的应用

目的:探讨知识管理在医院药学部(药剂科)的应用。方法:总结近年来我院药学部关于知识管理的数种模式。结果:我院药学部知识管理已基本成型。结论:通过知识管理,增强了药学部的应变能力和创新能力。     

精神科医院感染的临床调查

目的了解我院精神科医院感染发病率,分析发生医院感染相关因素,减少医院感染的发生。方法采用回顾性调查分析,对我院精神科2000年1月~2004年12月的住院病历进行分析,计量资料进行均数计算,计数资料用χ2检验。结果9 089例精神科住院患者发生医院感染313例次,医院感染率为3.44%,总感染率呈逐年下降趋势(P<0.05);感染部位以上呼吸道(34.82%)、胃肠道(20.45%)、泌尿道(18.53%)为主;女病区医院感染率(3.83%)高于男病区医院感染率(3.07%)P<0.05;重管室医院感染构成比(57.51%)高于康复室医院感染构成比(42.49%)P<0.05。结论根据精神科医院感染的特点,必须加强医生、护士的防护意识和医院感染的重点监控,减少医院感染的发生。     

神经外科手术患者医院感染目标性监测及感染相关危险因素分析

目的研究神经外科手术患者医院感染危险因素,为制定医院感染控制措施提供理论依据。方法采用目标性监测方法,对神经外科手术后患者医院感染率及相关危险因素进行调查。结果267例神经外科手术患者共发生医院感染100例(37.45%),136例次(50.94%);住院时间>30 d,手术时间>2 h,意识障碍,脑室外引流,气管切开是其医院感染重要危险因素。结论神经外科手术患者医院感染危险因素多,需采取综合措施才能有效控制医院感染。