北京市监狱干警艾滋病职业暴露防护知识调查分析

目的了解北京市监狱干警艾滋病职业暴露相关知识的知晓情况,为今后对监狱干警开展艾滋病职业暴露及防护知识培训提供依据。方法采用自行设计的问卷,对108名监狱干警就艾滋病职业暴露相关知识进行调查。按回答题的正确数计算知晓率/%。结果共调查21道艾滋病职业暴露及防护知识题,总体知晓率为70.37%(1 596/2 268);6道暴露后应急处理措施题的正确掌握率为74.85%(485/648)。性别、文化程度、从警时间、职业类别之间的职业暴露及防护知识知晓率有显著性差异。结论应加强监狱干警艾滋病职业暴露防护知识培训,使之掌握正确的暴露后应急处理措施,提高他们对艾滋病的防护意识和自我保护能力,并将教育重点放在一线工作的监管干警。     

De quels troubles psychiatriques souffrent les personnes détenues en France ?

The presence of detainees suffering from psychiatric disorders has been observed since the birth of the modern prison system, and the numbers have fluctuated since then, depending on the evolution of psychiatric facilities and the French legislative framework. As of January 1, 2022, almost 70,000 people were incarcerated in the 187 French correctional institutions in metropolitan and overseas France. Many psychiatric disorders are over-represented in the correctional population compared to the general population, and they include disorders such as depressive, psychotic, bipolar, post-traumatic stress, and substance abuse disorders together with neurodevelopmental disorders such as attention deficit disorder with/without hyperactivity. In this interview with Jean-Pierre Bouchard, Thomas Fovet and Marion Eck discuss this phenomenon based on recent epidemiological data and their personal experience. Some specific clinical aspects of psychiatry in the correctional environment are also discussed.     

Capital depreciation: The lack of recovery capital and post-release support for prisoners leaving the Drug Recovery Wings in England and Wales

BackgroundThis article draws on the evaluation of the pilot Drug Recovery Wings (DRWs), which were introduced ten prisons in England and Wales, with the intention of delivering abstinence-focused drug recovery services. The DRW pilots can be seen as representing the extension of the recovery paradigm – so prevalent elsewhere in UK drug policy – to the prison system. This study aimed to provide a detailed account of DRW prisoners’ expectations and experiences in the transition from prison to the community and explore the potential for ‘doing recovery’ in prison and on release.MethodsIn-depth, qualitative interviews were conducted in prison with 61 prisoners across six of the DRWs. Follow-up interviews six months after release were conducted with 21 prisoners and 26 ‘recovery supports’ (people identified as being close to the prisoners). Data from one, other or both sources was available for 36 prisoners. All interviews were fully transcribed and coded.ResultsThe majority of the 61 had long histories of alcohol and/or opiate dependence, childhood adversity, undiagnosed mental health problems and few educational qualifications. Nonetheless, many had long histories of employment – mostly in manual trades. The majority described themselves as being ‘in recovery’ at the time of the first interview in prison. While one of the main aims of the DRWs was to support prisoners’ recovery journeys into the community, this aspect of their work did not materialize. Professional support at release was largely absent or, where present, ineffectual. Many were released street-homeless or to disordered and threatening hostels and night-shelters. Only three of the 36 were fully abstinent from drink and drugs at time of re-interview, although some had moderated their use. A substantial number had returned to pre-imprisonment levels of use, often with deeply damaging impacts on those around them.Discussion and conclusionsThis research suggests a fundamental contradiction between recovery and imprisonment. In large part, imprisonment serves to erode recovery capital while, at the same time, making psychoactive substances readily available. Looking to the future, every effort should be made to divert substance users from imprisonment in the first place. Where that fails, the primary aim should be to reduce the erosion of recovery capital during imprisonment: through family support work, providing proper housing, training and education opportunities and ensuring a graduated reintroduction of prisoners into the community.     

Psychiatrie du sujet âgé en milieu pénitentiaire

ContextThe high prevalence of psychiatric disorders in prison and the aging of inmates should lead to the consideration of gerontopsychiatry in the prison environment.ObjectiveThis review aims to emphasize the clinical characteristics and associated comorbidities of elderly prisoners with psychiatric disorders. We examined the international literature in September 2013 and performed the literature search with PubMed electronic database using the following Mesh headings: “prisons”, “prisoners”, “geriatric psychiatry”, “geriatric assessment”, “geriatric nursing”.ResultsFourteen studies were retained by the literature search strategy and were included in the qualitative analysis. More than one out of two elderly prisoners (> 60 year-old) suffer from a psychiatric disorder. Major depressive disorder (MDD) is the first psychiatric disorder diagnosed among elderly prisoners, affecting 30 to 50% of them. Personality disorders are also very common demonstrating a prevalence of about 30%. Psychotic disorders concern 5% of the elderly prisoners and thus largely exceed the prevalence in the general population. Furthermore, stress events are frequent in prison and might precipitate or worsen psychiatric disorders. This review highlights the difficulties and complexities of care plans and management for the elderly in prison.ConclusionThe situation of elderly prisoners with psychiatric disorders is extremely worrying. In addition, both the aging of the population and the lengthening of incarcerations increase the number of elderly prisoners, widely exposed to psychiatric disorders, and thus will probably worsen these issues in the future.     

铁路警察和监狱警察睡眠质量比较

目的了解铁路警察和监狱警察睡眠质量的差异。方法采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)对87名广州铁路警察进行抑郁焦虑调查,并以87名监狱警察作为对照组。结果铁路警察睡眠质量总分8.36±4.34,睡眠问题发生率50.57%;监狱警察睡眠质量总分6.57±3.39,睡眠问题发生率31.03%,铁路警察较高(P<0.01)。与监狱警察比较铁路警察的主观睡眠质量、入睡时间、睡眠效率和日间功能障碍得分较高,睡眠时间得分较低(P<0.05)。男性铁路警察也是睡眠问题发生率、睡眠总分和主观睡眠质量、入睡时间、睡眠效率、日间功能障碍得分比监狱警察高,而睡眠时间得分比监狱警察低(P<0.05);女性铁路警察和监狱警察睡眠的睡眠问题发生率和各因子间的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。青年铁路警察的睡眠时间因子得分高于监狱警察(P<0.05);中年铁路警察的睡眠问题发生率、睡眠总分和主观睡眠质量、入睡时间、睡眠效率、日间功能障碍得分高于监狱警察(P<0.05)。回归分析发现铁路警察睡眠总分与待遇评价呈负相关。结论铁路警察睡眠问题明显,要重视解决铁路警察的睡眠问题。     

How does syringe distribution in prison affect consumption of illegal drugs by prisoners?

Drug injection and syringe sharing is common among IDUs in prison. As a consequence, the prevalence of blood-borne viral infections is several-fold higher in prison than in the corresponding communities. Prisoners have been denied access to syringe exchange programmes, even though they have been proven to be highly effective in community settings. A 12-month harm reduction programme which included syringe exchange was introduced into the only female prison (Hindelbank) in Switzerland. The programme was studied for 12 months (pilot phase). After the programme was completed, there was follow-up 12 months later (follow-up phase). Baseline data were collected on 137 of 161 prisoners. Follow up-data were collected on 57 of 64 prisoners. Participants were interviewed several times about their use and injection of drugs and their shared use of syringes. Additional data on the number of syringes exchanged were also collected. Reports of drug use and injection in prison did not increase. The exchange of syringes was related to drug availability. Frequency of drug use increased in relation to duration of incarceration. Frequency of drug use decreased the longer the project had been implemented. None of the main arguments raised against the introduction of syringe distribution into prison, such as assault or an increase in drug injecting, was evident in this study. The results, although limited by the nature and the size of the prison, suggest that syringe exchange has a role in the prison setting.