苯酚-硫酸法测定甘露聚糖肽口服溶液中多糖含量的条件优化

目的:优化苯酚-硫酸法测定甘露聚糖肽口服溶液中多糖含量的反应条件。方法:通过单因素和正交试验,研究各因素对实验结果的影响,并对这些因素进行优化和方法学验证。结果:实验结果表明,苯酚浓度3%、硫酸用量5.0 mL,显色时间15 min,显色温度80℃为苯酚-硫酸法测定甘露聚糖肽口服溶液多糖含量的最佳条件,在此条件下平均回收率为102.7%,其RSD为1.4%。结论:优化后的方法重复性和准确性均有所提高。     

Development and validation of a high-performance thin layer chromatography method for the determination of cholesterol concentration

An accurate, sensitive, precise, reliable, and quick method for the determination of cholesterol content by high-performance thin layer chromatography is developed. In this method, aluminum-backed precoated silica gel 60 F₂₅₄ plates were used as the stationary phase and the samples were sprayed with the help of CAMAG sample applicator Linomat 5. The chromatogram was developed with the mobile phase consisting of chloroform:methanol (9.5:0.5, v/v). The samples were detected using CAMAG Scanner 4 and evaluated using the method developed on winCATS software. Densitometric analysis of cholesterol was performed in absorbance mode at 200 nm. In this solvent system, cholesterol gave a compact spot with an R_f value of 0.63 ± 0.03. The linear regression analysis of data for the calibration curve showed good linearity over a concentration range of 2–7 μg/spot with a regression value of 0.99933 and standard deviation of 1.44%. The limit of detection and limit of quantification were found to be 100 ng/spot and 500 ng/spot, respectively. Using the developed method, the concentration of cholesterol in the saponified and unsaponified egg yolk sample was determined. This method was found to be reproducible and can even be used for samples containing complex matrices.     

Engineering of polymer–surfactant nanoparticles of doxycycline hydrochloride for ocular drug delivery

Abstract

Context: Physiologic barriers of the eye, short precorneal drug residence time and poor corneal penetration are the few reasons for reduced ocular bioavailability.

Objective: This study was aimed to develop novel polymer–surfactant nanoparticles of hydrophilic drug doxycycline hydrochloride (DXY) to improve precorneal residence time and drug penetration.

Materials and methods: Nanoparticles were formulated using emulsion cross-linking method and the formulation was optimized using factorial design. The prepared formulation was characterized for particle size, ζ potential, encapsulation efficiency, in vitro drug release and ex vivo drug diffusion studies. The antibacterial activity studies were also carried out against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus using the cup-plate method. In vivo eye irritation study was carried out by a modified Draize test in rabbits.

Results and discussion: The particle size was found to be in the range of 331–850?nm. About 45–80% of the drug was found to be encapsulated in the nanoparticles. In vitro release demonstrated sustained release profile. Lower flux values in case of nanoparticles as compared to DXY pure drug solution in ex vivo diffusion studies confirmed the sustained release. The nanoparticles were found to be significantly effective (p?<?0.001) than DXY aqueous solution due to sustained release of doxycycline from nanoparticles in both the E. coli and S. aureus strains. The formulation was found to be stable over entire stability period.

Conclusion: The developed formulation is safe and suitable for sustained ocular drug delivery.     

布地奈德雾化吸入治疗小儿急性喉-气管-支气管炎的疗效观察及护理

目的观察布地奈德混悬液(普米克令舒)雾化吸入治疗小儿急性喉-气管-支气管炎的疗效及护理。方法观察组60例患儿给予布地奈德混悬液氧气驱动雾化吸入;对照组60例患儿给予地塞米松静脉滴注。两组均采用相应地护理措施,观察两组患者症状缓解时间。结果观察组吸气喉鸣消失时间、犬吠样咳嗽消失时间、声嘶消失时间均短于对照组,差异有统计学意义P<0.05。结论布地奈德雾化吸入治疗小儿急性喉-气管-支气管炎,疗效好,所用药物剂量小,能明显缩短病程,不良反应小。     

Deleting the BAFF receptor TACI protects against systemic lupus erythematosus without extensive reduction of B cell numbers

B cell-activating factor of the TNF family (BAFF) is an essential B cell survival factor. However, high levels of BAFF promote systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in mice and humans. Belimumab (anti-human BAFF) limits B cell survival and is approved for use in patients with SLE. Surprisingly, the efficacy of rituximab (anti-human CD20) in SLE remains controversial, despite depleting B cells more potently than belimumab. This raises the question of whether B cell depletion is really the mechanism of action of belimumab. In BAFF transgenic mice, SLE development is T cell-independent but relies on innate activation of B cells via TLRs, and TLR expression is modulated by the BAFF receptor TACI. Here, we show that loss of TACI on B cells protected against BAFF-mediated autoimmune manifestations while preserving B cells, suggesting that loss of BAFF signaling through TACI rather than loss of B cells may underpin the effect of belimumab in the clinic. Therefore, B cell-sparing blockade of TACI may offer a more specific and safer therapeutic alternative to broad B cell depletion in SLE.     

免疫金银法检测抗角质蛋白抗体的影响因素

目的:探讨免疫金银法检测抗角质蛋白抗体(AKA)的影响因素。方法:收集AKA阳性的类风湿性关节炎患者血清20份,同时收集20份正常健康者血清作为对照,采用免疫金银法检测上述血清AKA,检测中采用不同的封闭液、不同浓度的金标抗体、不同的显色时间,比较分析不同条件下免疫金银法检测AKA的阳性率及结果易判断程度,以确定较合适的检测条件。同时采用免疫荧光法检测AKA,比较2种方法检测AKA的敏感性。结果:以含10%~20%的羊血清及1%BSA的封闭液、1:80~1:320的金标抗体、10~15 min的显色时间为较合适的检测条件。免疫金银法检测AKA较免疫荧光法敏感性高,且差别有统计学意义。结论:免疫金银法检测AKA对类风湿性关节炎具有较高的敏感性和特异性,临床上用于类风湿性关节炎的辅助诊断具有较高的诊断价值。     

汉族闽东语族群乡村成人体型

目的:研究汉族闽东语族群乡村成人的体型特征。方法:采用Heath-Carter人体测量法对汉族闽东语族群乡村成人382例(男188例,女194例)进行了体型研究。结果:闽东语族群乡村男性平均体型值为5.4-4.5-1.9,乡村女性平均体型值为6.2-4.0-1.7,均属于偏中胚层的内胚层体型。在13种体型中,男女出现率最高的体型均为偏内胚层的中胚层体型。随年龄增长,乡村男性与女性内因子值、中因子值逐渐增大;外因子值逐渐减小,体脂(%)逐渐增加,女性50~岁组体脂最为发达,40岁以后的3个年龄组平均体型接近,20~岁组身体充实度最差,40岁以后身体逐渐充实。结论:闽东语族群体型相对接近于四川汉族,而距离广西汉族差距较大。     

稳态视觉诱发脑机接口特征提取方法的研究

目的为有效提取稳态视觉诱发脑机接口(SSVEP-based brain-computer interface)中的脑电特征,提出一种基于独立成分分析(independent component analysis,ICA)与希尔伯特黄变换(HilbertHuang transform,HHT)的特征提取方法。方法对采集得到的脑电信号进行带通滤波,得到预处理的脑电信号,将滤波后的脑电信号作为ICA的输入,经过ICA实现独立成分的快速获取。引入HHT对独立成分进行经验模态分解(EMD),分解获取固有模态函数(intrinsic mode function,IMF),通过对IMF的频域分析,即可提取出特征。将ICA和HHT法同WT法、ICA法以及HHT法等常用的特征提取方法在频域、功率谱估计、在时间消耗等多方面进行比对分析。结果频域分析和功率谱估计中,本文提出的方法明显优于WT法和ICA法,略优于HHT法。时间消耗方面,本文提出的方法略优于HHT法。结论基于ICA和HHT的特征提取方法在稳态视觉诱发脑机接口的特征提取中是可行的,并有效去除了脑电信号中的噪声。     

脑卒中患者上肢康复机器人及评价方法综述

利用机器人技术进行上肢康复训练是脑卒中患者进行康复治疗的重要手段之一。本文根据中枢神经系统具有高度的可塑性,分析了机器人辅助康复训练的理论依据。并且依据康复机器人的社会需求和研究意义,归纳总结了5种上肢康复机器人的研究进展和研究成果,其中包括上肢康复机器人、功能性电刺激辅助上肢康复机器人、基于虚拟现实技术的上肢康复机器人、基于sEMG的上肢康复训练机器人、基于BCI上肢康复训练机器人。为完善康复机器人的功能,实现对脑卒中患者上肢运动功能的量化评估,本文还分析了目前临床上常用的几种评价方法,即Brunnstrom等级评价法、Fugl?Meyer量表评价法、上田敏评价法和Bobath评价法。最后分析了上肢康复机器人在机械设计、控制策略和评价方法等方面的发展趋势。     

青少年性道德发展特点

目的:了解青少年性道德发展特点。方法:以自编青少年性道德问卷为研究工具,对502名13~18岁有效被试进行施测。结果:113~18岁青少年性道德发展都存在显著的年龄差异(F=38.50,P0.001)和性别差异(t=-8.109,P0.001),但年龄和性别之间交互作用不显著;213~18岁青少年性道德总体发展呈现先上升后下降的趋势,14岁是初中生性道德发展的关键年龄,17岁为高中生性道德发展的关键年龄。结论:13~18岁青少年性道德发展受年龄和性别的影响。