贫困大学生人格特质、心理症状和人际关系状况的关系

目的:本文研究时隔10年贫困大学生的心理健康状况、人格特质和人际关系状况是否发生了改变,其影响因素及交互作用。方法:研究在西部地区1所公办高职院校(被试1750人)开展,通过网络心理测量方式搜集数据。结果:症状自评量表(SCL-90)结果显示,贫困大学生的心理症状程度仍显著高于非贫困大学生(t=2.544,P0.05),而人格特质方面(16PF)发生了很大改变(稳定性t=2.769,P0.01;自律性t=3.689,P0.01)。SCL-90和16PF的结果都特别受到性别、民族和母亲工作性质因素的影响。贫困大学生的人际关系状况并未表现出与非贫困大学生的区别,也并不受到其他因素的影响。本研究还发现了许多与前人研究结果不同的地方。结论:与10年前的研究相比,西部高职院校贫困大学生的心理健康状况仍然不如非贫困大学生,但社会的发展使得贫困大学生的人格特征有了较大的改变。     

江苏省3城市人工流产者心理社会状况调查

目的调查江苏省不同地区人工流产者心理社会状况,了解人流手术患者的心理特点。方法 2011年10月-2013年3月,在南京市妇幼保健院、溧阳市人民医院、滨海县人民医院,对行人工流产手术的女性采用自制的一般情况调查表、90项症状自评量表(scl-90)、父母教养方式量表(EMBU)、艾森克人格问卷简式量表中国版(EPQ-RSC),收集相关信息,并对资料进行分析。结果江苏3城市人流女性在户籍、初孕年龄、职业、文化程度、月收入、父母感情状况、伴侣的个数、本次怀孕的原因、父母对本次怀孕的知晓情况、对手术的担心程度、对手术并发症的知晓情况上差异均存在统计学意义。在父母教养方式、人格类型和心理健康状况上,南京市与溧阳市差异无统计学意义,滨海县在多方面与南京市、溧阳市差异存在统计学意义。结论不同地区的人流女性在一般情况、父母教养方式、人格特点、心理健康状况上存在差异,应针对性开展健康教育。     

漏斗胸146例明尼苏达多项人格调查表测试结果分析

目的探讨漏斗胸患者的心理健康状况及人格特征,为建立该病的生理—心理—社会综合治疗方案提供依据。方法选取2009-07至2011-05期间入我院胸外科诊治且心理问卷有效的漏斗胸患者146例,使用心理测试软件系统中的明尼苏达多项人格调查表（MMPI）对其进行测试,并与全国成人常模进行差异性比较。结果男性患者效度量表L、F显著低于常模（P〈0.01）;临床量表Hs、Hy、Ma、Si显著高于常模（P〈0.01）;女性患者临床量表Hs、Hy、Mf、Si显著高于常模（P〈0.05）。结论漏斗胸患者的心身健康水平较低,有其固定的人格特征,术前术后心理测验对于制定合理治疗方案具有重要意义。     

Infarct as a Stress Agent: Life History and Personality Characteristics in Improved versus Not-Improved Patients after Severe Heart Attack

Abstract

Fifty-eight male subjects admitted to an intensive coronary care unit were interviewed and underwent psychometric testing on the second — third day after a severe heart attack (infarct).

Seven-ten days following admission, the clinical condition of the patients was evaluated by the attending cardiological staff and rated on a three point scale. The patients were divided, on the basis of the clinical rating, into two groups: improved (N = 25) and not-improved (N=33).

Life history characteristics, MMPI personality profiles, and State-Trait anxiety scores were then compared for the two groups.

The not-improved group showed the higher scores on almost all the MMPI scales, higher anxiety scores and more work-related problems than the improved group. Such data give some empirical support to the hypothesis that the physiological and hemodynamical condition of the cardiac patient is in some way correlated with the patient's style of coping with stress, and his history of previous life stress situations.     

肠易激综合症的人格特征及心理健康影响因素

目的从心理学的角度出发,探讨肠易激综合症(IBS)患者心理健康的程度及其独特的人格特点。方法选取64例IBS患者和64例正常人作为研究对象,使用症状自评量表(SCL-90)和艾森克人格问卷,研究IBS患者心理健康的影响因素,及其与正常人人格之间的差异。结果 IBS患者的躯体化、敌对、精神病性、人际敏感、抑郁、焦虑和恐怖因子分显著高于正常人(t=2.76～7.26,P<0.05)。除恐怖因子外(F=3.18,P<0.05),不同年龄的IBS的SCL-90得分无明显差异。而女性的躯体化因子分明显高于男性(F=3.04,P<0.05)。而人格测验结果显示IBS患者精神质P、神经质N和掩饰性L得分均明显高于正常人(t=4.45～7.12,P<0.01),内外向E得分显著低于正常人(t=3.51,P<0.01)。结论 IBS患者的人格出现明显的异常,其精神质、神经质和掩饰性得分显著比正常人高,而且其心理健康水平总体偏低。     

医护专科新生心理健康与个性特征

目的了解医护学生的心理健康状态,探讨医护学生的心理健康与个性特征的关系。方法采用大学生心理健康问卷(UPI)和艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)集体施测于2187名医护专科新生。结果①新生的心理健康状况总体良好,第一类学生筛选率为24.14%,有自杀意念的学生占1.87%;男生的心理健康水平比女生高(t=-4.07,P<0.001);不同专业学生的心理健康水平没有差异;②男女生在EPQ问卷的精神质P(t=9.05,3.92;P<0.001)、内-外倾E(t=-2.30,-5.18;P<0.001)、神经质N(t=11.29,5.19;P<0.001)3个分量表上分数与常模均存在显著差异;男女生在N分量表上的分数差异极其显著,女生的分数显著高于男生(t=-5.72,P<0.001);③UPI评定的三类学生在EPQ问卷的P(F=107.23,P<0.001)、E(F=164.28,P<0.001)、N(F=601.92,P<0.001)、L(F=129.56,P<0.001)分量表上的差异均极其显著。结论个性对心理健康存在影响,性格越外向,情绪越稳定,自控能力越强,心理健康水平越高。     

The role of premorbid personality and cognitive factors in awareness of illness,memory, and behavioural functioning in Alzheimer's disease

Introduction. Research has suggested an association between personality factors and awareness in patients with dementia, yet valid measurement of premorbid personality is problematic. The present study aimed to better reveal the relationship between premorbid personality and awareness by using improved methodology. Moreover, the study aims to contrast the strength of the relationship of premorbid personality and awareness with that of cognitive factors.

Methods. Awareness of illness, symptoms, mnemonic and behavioural impairments, and treatment compliance were measured in 27 patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosed by standard criteria for probable AD. Participant premorbid personality was measured using average retrospective Neuroticism-Extroversion-Openness Inventory (NEO-FFI) scores from two informants. Correlations were performed to investigate the relationship between awareness and personality dimensions, as well as measures of cognitive style, neuropsychological function, mood, carer burden, and sociodemographic factors.

Results. There was little relationship between awareness and personality scores, but modest associations between awareness and mood, age, and age of onset of first symptoms. Awareness of memory was related to memory functioning. Increased carer burden was associated with lack of awareness of cognitive-behavioural deficits but there were only few and weak associations between awareness and measures of cognitive functioning.

Conclusions. There was little support for an association between previous personality and awareness in dementia. However, increased carer burden was associated specifically with lack of awareness of cognitive-behavioural deficits not deficits in ADL, whereas lower awareness of ADL and not cognitive-behavioural deficits was associated with age. Awareness of memory appeared to be a metamemory capacity. Mood and age rather than personality and cognition are stronger predictors of awareness in early Alzheimer's disease.     

Unrelenting catastrophic trauma within the family: When every secure base is abusive

This paper will present illustrations from Adult Attachment Interviews conducted with adult female survivors of chronic ritual abuse in their family of origin. A model of multiple personality disorder informed by the Adult Attachment Interview coding and classification system will be presented. A range of victim, perpetrator and bystander personalities may be identified in the same interview, indeed in the same speaker. For the speaker who believes herself to be one of a number of co-existing personalities, integration and coherence means death of a loved one, indeed death of the sense of self. Possibilities of re-birth into a single integrated self are posited.     

Disorganized attachment and Borderline Personality Disorder: A clinical perspective

The aim of this paper is to explore the links between the attachment-theory derived concept of disorganized attachment, and the psychiatric diagnosis of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). Disorganized attachment can be understood in terms of an approach-avoidance dilemma for infants for whom stressed or traumatized/traumatizing caregivers are simultaneously a source of threat and a secure base. Interpersonal relationships in BPD including those with care givers is similarly seen in terms of approach-avoidance dilemmas, which manifests themselves in disturbed transference/countertransference interactions between therapists and BPD sufferers. Possible ways of handling these phenomena are suggested, based on Main's () notion of ‘meta-cognitive monitoring’, in the hope of re-instating meaning and more stable self-structures, in these patients' lives.     

Outcome of a psychotherapeutic programme for patients with severe personality disorders

A specialized psychotherapeutic day treatment programme was established in a Danish clinical setting on the basis of recent research and advances in treatment for severe personality disorders. This study analyses treatment effectiveness by comparing the day treatment programme with a treatment as usual (TAU) situation as given to personality-disordered patients on a waiting list. The sample consisted of 66 personality-disordered patients consecutively referred and diagnosed according to standardized criteria. The intervention group comprised 38 patients. There was no selection made for the intervention group: when the programme capacity was reached, a waiting list of 28 consecutive patients formed the comparison group; none of these patients figured in the intervention group. Intervention included psychodynamic and cognitive-based therapy in a group/individual setting and lasted 5 months. Outcome measures were self-rated and observer-rated multidimensional evaluation of functioning relevant to personality-disordered patients. The day treatment programme did significantly better in reducing acute and prolonged hospitalizations and suicide attempts, in stabilizing the psychosocial functioning and in reducing complaints that lead to treatment. The intensive day treatment programme stabilized patient functioning but did not lead to changes on personality traits for which more extended treatment might be necessary.