浅谈消毒供应室护理管理的重要性

供应室（supply service department,CSSD）是向全院提供各种无菌器材、敷料等无菌物品的重要科室,供应室的工作质量与医院感染的发生率密切相关,直接影响医疗和护理的质量.加强供应室与其他科室的有效沟通,促进供应室更好地配合其他科室工作是消毒供应室护理管理的重要方面.     

X线摄影中中心线对DR摄影质量的重要性

目的：评价X线摄影中中心线对DR摄影质量的重要性。方法采用回顾性方法分析,选取该院自2012年8月—2014年8月以来收治的53例行DR摄影检查患者的临床资料,随机分为对照组（23例）和观察组（30例）,对照组X线摄影中心线未对准受检部位,观察组X线摄影中心线对准受检部位,比较两组检查效果。结果观察组临床伪影率6.67%,对照56.52%,其差异具有高度统计学意义（χ2=10.541,P=0.002<0.05）。结论 X线摄影中中心线对DR摄影质量具有重要影响,X线摄影中心对准受检部位,使图像质量清晰,提高诊断率,符合诊断要求,     

PC-eren (mlikrodatamaten) og den yngre psykiater-nogle praktiske råd og anvisninger

A personal computer (PC or microcomputer system) and fairly advanced computer programmes are today available at reasonable costs. Young psychiatrists should be familiar with microcomputers and some of the leading software products on the market, considering the potential importance of microcomputers for everyday clinical work and psychiatric research. An introduction to the main computer concepts and programmes especially relevant for the psychiatrist is given.     

What patients consider important: Temporal variations by early and late stage oral,oropharyngeal and laryngeal subsites

Functional outcomes are of high priority to cancer patients and are relevant when considering treatment strategies. This study aimed to collate and analyse importance rankings of UW-QOL over time for patients treated with curative intent for primary head and neck squamous cell carcinoma between 2000 and 2010, and to compare early and late stage oral, oropharyngeal and laryngeal subsites. There were 1614 patients comprising oral cavity 47% (751), oropharyngeal 24% (382), laryngeal 20% (320) and other HNC locations 10% (161). Items of importance remained relatively stable within clinical groups but there were notable differences between groups. For patients with early oral tumours no domain was especially dominant, whereas for late oral tumours swallowing, chewing, speech and saliva were selected more often. Swallowing and saliva were more important in oropharyngeal tumours, as was taste with more advanced oropharyngeal tumours. Speech and activity were important for those with early laryngeal tumours, as were swallowing and speech for more advanced laryngeal tumours. Swallowing and saliva were more important in advanced tumours for all sites. This data confirms the priority patients place on swallowing, chewing, speech, and saliva, therefore curative treatments should optimise these functions wherever possible and provide access to post-treatment interventions as required.     

试论在成人高等教育中加强素质教育

现代社会的发展要求全面推进素质教育，成人高等教育是高等教育的重要组成，素质教育改革的全面性同样涵盖了成人高等教育。但是，目前的成人高等教育在素质教育上存在一些问题，必须在成人高等教育中加强素质教育。     

Inside the Portrait of a Family: The Importance of Fatherhood

The perception and role of fatherhood appeared to change dramatically during the last century, from father as Victorian patriarch to one who acknowledged the need to 'get in touch with his feminine side'. However, official definitions, and therefore professional practice, rarely confirm the father in his nurturing role. The result is debilitating not only for the father, but the family of which he is a part. Legislation is needed to reinforce the changed role of fatherhood in the context of the modern family. Official documents and procedures should recognise changed expectations of family definition and professional practice, to enable professionals to support real families.     

A quantitative ethnozoological assessment of traditionally used animal-based therapies in the tropical island of Mauritius

Ethnopharmacological relevance

There is currently a dearth of documentation on the use of animal-based therapies (ABT) in Mauritius. This study was therefore designed to gather primary folk knowledge on the different ABT used by Mauritians. Failure to document such knowledge can results in losses in both the use of such remedies and in the scientific documentation of the cultural traditions of animals used in the treatment and/or management of human diseases. The aim of the study is to collect, analyze, document and disseminate ABT from the tropical island of Mauritius used against common human ailments.

Methods

Data was collected following interviews from key informants (n=126) and reported diseases and health complications were classified in 14 categories. Eight quantitative indexes such as informant consensus factor (FIC), fidelity level (FL), relative frequency of citation (RFC), relative importance (RI), cultural importance index (CII), index of agreement on remedies (IAR), cultural agreement index (CAI) and ethnofaunistic index (EFI) were used to analyze the reported animal species.

Results

A total of 31 animal species belonging to 12 taxonomic groups were documented to be used in traditional medicine by Mauritians. ABT were prepared from whole animals or their body parts or products extracted from them such as: butter, meat, milk, bones, horn, musk, skin, fin, honey, mucus, eggs and legs. The most encountered taxonomic group was Actinopterygii (7 species). According to EFI, 3.34% of the indigenous fauna in Mauritius were used in the treatment and/or management of different ailments. The highest FIC value (0.98) was cited for endocrine, nutritional and metabolic disorders which included diabetes and gangrene. Rattus rattus scored the highest FL (100%) for the ailment category injury and poisons of external cause; Bos taurus had the highest RI value (2.00) due to its versatility, had the highest frequency of citation (RFC=0.49), the highest cultural importance (CII=0.84) and the highest CAI value (0.77). According to IAR, Salmo salar (IAR=1.00) had the highest agreement among the informants for being used for the same medicinal purpose. Furthermore, no side effects have been reported from the use of ABT.

Conclusions

Our study revealed that Mauritians possesses valuable knowledge on a plethora of ABT. It is believed that the present documentation will serve to record this vanishing knowledge before it is eroded completely from the island and to the scientific community. It is also anticipated that the present documentation will be fundamental to protect traditional knowledge, for the conservation and sustainable use of the rich biodiversity of Mauritius for future generations and to ensure Mauritius?s sovereign rights over its genetic resources and utilization by first documenting them. In addition, further experimental investigations are required to elucidate the pharmacological properties of the reported medicinal fauna of Mauritius     

适应性回归分析(Ⅱ)——排除噪声变量的干扰

本文目的是通过分析一个带有8个噪声变量的数据集,揭示适应性回归模型的实际应用价值。在数据集包含两个自变量与因变量有密切数量联系的前提条件下,适应性回归模型受噪声变量的影响接近于零;在数据集包含一个自变量与因变量有密切数量联系的前提条件下,适应性回归模型受噪声变量的影响较大,其分析结果出现了一定程度的"失真";在数据集包含零个自变量与因变量有密切数量联系的前提条件下,适应性回归模型受噪声变量的影响非常大,其分析结果是完全不可信的。得出的结论是:适应性回归分析模型不是万能的,其结果的可信度取决于数据集中是否真正包含"客观存在的规律性"。