超声二维斑点追踪技术评价低钾血症患者左心室同步性的价值

目的 探讨超声二维斑点追踪技术评价低钾血症患者左心室同步性的临床价值.方法 选取2012年1月～2013年6月在我院治疗的低钾血症患者52例：12导联心电图检查QRS时限＞100 ms的32例为观察组;QRS时限≤100 ms且≥60 ms的20例为对照组.观察组和对照组均采用超声二维斑点追踪技术测定其左心室同步化指数（TAS-POST）.超声TAS-POST与心电图QRS时限进行相关性分析.用TAS-POST ＞130 ms作为左心室收缩不同步的判断标准.结果 超声指标评价低钾血症时左心室的同步性明显优于心电图指标,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 超声二维斑点追踪技术能直接观察心肌的机械运动,评价低钾血症时左心室的同步性更为准确、直观、全面,能给临床诊断提供更有利的依据,使患者得到更有效的治疗,值得在临床上大力推广应用.     

Side Effects of Diuretics

Diuretics are amongst the most widely used drugs. Fortunately enough, there are rather few clinically relevant side effects. The following side effects are discussed in this paper: disturbances of electrolyte, acid-base- and water balance, metabolic changes (uric-acid, carbohydrate-metabolism, lipid metabolism), unspecific side effects and drug interactions. Finally the prevention of side reactions of diuretics is briefly mentioned.     

社区老年住院患者并发低钾血症的观察与护理

目的:总结了社区医院对住院老年患者并发低钾血症的主要护理措施及观察要点。方法:回顾性分析2011年1月-12月住院老年患者中并发119例低钾血症的临床资料。结果:119例老年患者经积极治疗及护理后,117例血钾均恢复正常范围,其中2例晚期肿瘤患者因并发症最终导致死亡。结论:对老年患者仔细的病情观察有利于早期发现低钾血症,采取相应的护理及治疗措施,能预防和及时纠正低钾血症,促进患者早日康复。     

Paraneoplastic hypokalemia in acute myeloid leukemia: a case of renin activity in AML blast cells

 Hypokalemia due to renal potassium loss has frequently been observed in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The pathogenic mechanism for this hyperkaluresis is unclear. In this report we describe a patient with AML FAB M4, in whom the clinical course, the electrolyte disturbances, the serum aldosterone levels, and the diffuse hyperplasia of the adrenal cortex documented a typical case of marked secondary hyperaldosteronism. On analysis of the leukemic cells of this patient compared with normal bone marrow cells, a significant increase of renin-like activity in the cytosol of the blast cells was noted. Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system by paraneoplastic production of renin-like activity in AML blast cells might contribute to the hypokalemia often observed in patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Received: 19 March 1996 / Accepted: 30 April 1996     

外伤性脊髓损伤后的低钾症（附31例报告）

对我院１９８２年以来救治的脊柱骨折脱位台并截瘫（包括不全瘫）２９６例中出现低钾症的３１例进行了分析。此症发生率约１０．４％，其特点是①外伤性脊髓损伤后出现低钾；②大部分由禁食、使用激素、脱水剂引起；③多在伤后２￣５ｄ出现；④颈椎脊髓损伤后多见。治疗本症的原则是及时发现，及时诊断，及时补充钾。低钾不纠正，必将影响脊髓损伤的康复，且易 并发褥疮和肺部感染等，甚至加重呼吸肌的麻痹或心力衰竭而死亡。     

A retrospective and explorative study of hypokalemia in psychiatric disorders: a beta2-receptor related phenomenon

Summary Since the serum potassium level is under beta₂-adrenergic influence, we studied serum potassium values on admission in psychiatric patients. Data are reported on 683 patients from nine major diagnostic groups. Among these nine groups significant differences were found concerning the mean serum potassium level and incidence of hypokalemia. Significant differences existed between the alcohol withdrawal and attempted suicide groups compared to the dysthymic, bipolar manic, schizophrenic and nonschizophrenic psychosis groups. Like alcohol withdrawal, attempted suicide is assumed to be a hyper-adrenergic state. Although the relative contribution of factors like nutritional state, aldosterone, insulin, and beta₂-receptor density or sensitivity is unclear, the catecholamine-potassium relationship deserves further study.An abstract of this study will be published as a letter to the editor in the J Clin Psychiatr     

复方甘草酸单铵S治疗抗结核药肝损害疗效及不良反应分析

目的探讨注射用复方甘草酸单铵S治疗抗结核药肝损害的疗效及其不良反应。方法选取原肝功能正常、无肝病基础,在强化抗结核过程中出现肝功能损害的结核病患者78例,停用吡嗪酰胺后随机分成两组,每组39例。对照组给予还原型谷胱甘肽,治疗150 mg/d;观察组给予复方甘草酸单铵S治疗,120 mg/d,并分别在第1、2、3周后比较肝功能丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)及监测血钾水平,观察有无水肿和高血压不良反应。结果两组强化抗结核后发现,肝功能损害的时间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组保肝治疗前,肝功能指标ALT差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但治疗后第1、2、3周,两组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。除第2～3周ALT下降,速率差异无统计学意义外(P>0.05),余各时间段两组间ALT下降速度的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组出现低血钾情况差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而出现水肿、高血压或原有高血压加重情况差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论注射用复方甘草酸单铵S对抗结核药肝功能损害疗效确切,在与还原型谷胱甘肽比较中显出一定的优势,但易出现低血钾、水钠潴留或高血压及原高血压加重等不良反应。     

A novel mutation in <Emphasis Type="Italic">KCNJ1</Emphasis> in a Bartter syndrome case diagnosed as pseudohypoaldosteronism

Bartter syndrome (BS) is a genetic disorder with hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis and is classified into five types. One of these, type II BS (OMIM 241200), is classified as neonatal Bartter syndrome, which is caused by mutations in the KCNJ1 gene. Transient hyperkalemia and hyponatremia are usually noted in the early postnatal period, but as type II BS is a relatively rare disease, its exact clinical course and genetic background have not yet been thoroughly characterized. This report concerns a male type II BS patient with a novel mutation in the KCNJ1 gene. The unique clinical findings of this case are that hyperkalemia (8.9 mEq/l), hyponatremia, and metabolic acidosis detected in the early postnatal period led to a diagnosis of pseudohypoaldosteronism (PHA). As an adolescent, however, the patient currently shows normal potassium levels and normal renal function, although with hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis, without having received any treatment. In such cases, KCNJ1 mutations should be suspected. In our case, genetic analysis of the KCNJ1 gene identified a novel homozygous 1-bp deletion mutation (c.607 del. C in exon 5).     

低血钾与急性心肌梗死的梗死部位冠状动脉病变及预后的关系

目的探讨低血钾与急性心肌梗死的梗死部位、冠状动脉病变及预后的关系。方法根据心肌梗死早期血钾水平把110例患者分为低血钾组、正常血钾组,对比两组的梗死部位、冠状动脉病变特征、并发症和预后情况。结果急性心肌梗死患者低血钾36例(占32.7%),其中广泛前壁心肌梗死(57.1%)与下壁(23.9%)相比更易合并低血钾(P<0.01)。低血钾组的梗死相关血管更多为前降支(55.6%)和近段病变(55.6%),与对照组差异有统计学意义(分别为P=0.01,P=0.03)。低血钾组心力衰竭、严重心律失常、梗死后心绞痛等并发症发生率显著高于正常血钾组(均为P<0.05)。结论急性心肌梗死合并低血钾的梗死相关血管多为近段病变,多为前降支,预后相对较差。     

老年腹膜透析低钾血症危险因素分析

目的探讨老年腹膜透析低钾血症的危险因素。方法信阳市中心医院2006年10月—2009年10月采取腹膜透析进行治疗的尿毒症患者420例进行总结分析。结果老年组低钾血症发生率27.27%,非老年组低钾血症发生率14.86%,两组低钾血症发生率比较P〈0.05有显著差异性。结论在保证腹膜透析充分、达到满意的治疗的基础上,合理确定腹膜透析剂量非常重要,是避免和防止低钾血症的发生的重要方法。