论药失真、用药好奇不可取

<正> 凡言之悖理显然者,人多能辨,无须琐琐。若似是而实非,似真而实伪,则最易误人。《温病条辨》中类此者颇多,今人又多遵信而不疑,故本文为辨伪、察讹,抉其论药失真、用药好奇一端,作为举隅之谈。一、论药失真 1.谓凉药性温“上焦篇”十六条说:太阴温病,发疹者,“禁升麻、柴胡、当归、防     

《伤寒论》养阴存津治法探析

在伤寒发病、传变过程中,不仅有寒盛阳虚证,亦有热盛津伤证。《伤寒论》中始终贯穿着“存阴液”的基本精神,在治疗上开养阴保津法运用于临床之先河,张仲景用养阴存津法治疗伤寒,既有补法滋阴生津,尚有将其地汗、吐、下、和、温、清等其它治法之中。既有用养阴药物滋阴生津,尚有不投养阴之品,亦获护阴存津之效,其创制的多首滋养阴液及祛邪存津的著名方剂,为养阴存津治法的理论建立和临床应用奠定了基础。     

《伤寒论》治疫方用药规律分析及核心药对治疗COVID-19的作用机制研究

目的 基于数据挖掘分析《伤寒论》疫病治疗相关方剂的用药规律,并利用网络药理学分析核心药对“柴胡-黄芩”治疗新型冠状病毒肺炎（coronavirus disease 2019,COVID-19）的作用机制。以期探讨经方治疗疫病的当代价值。方法 筛选《伤寒论》中治疗疫病的经方,利用R语言等软件对频次、性味归经、相关性、关联规则等用药规律进行分析,并运用网络药理学方法对用药规律中核心药对治疗COVID-19的机制进行探究。用Cytoscape对筛选出的成分及靶点构建“疾病-药物-成分-靶点”网络,将关键靶点导入String数据库进行蛋白相互作用（protein-protein interaction,PPI）网络分析,并在R语言中进行基因本体论（gene ontology,GO）功能分析和京都基因与基因组百科全书（Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes,KEGG）通路分析。结果 纳入《伤寒论》中与疫病相关的方剂61首,共52味中药。前20味高频用药中以温性药、辛味药为主,多归脾、肺经,功效以补气药居多。“柴胡-黄芩”药对相关性最强,5个类聚方为小柴胡汤...     

《伤寒论》六经辨证在IgA肾病诊治中的指导价值

《伤寒论》六经辨证是在《黄帝内经》六经理论及脏象、经络两学说的基础上发展、完善而得来的,是中医的鼻祖。本文的主要目的是探讨《伤寒论》六经辨证在IgA肾病诊治中应用价值。IgA肾病又称为原发性肾小球疾病,在我国常见,其整个发病过程可视为从三阳经(太阳、阳明、少阳)转变为三阴经(太阴、少阴及厥阴)。IgA肾病在各经为病,脉症特点并不相同,因此IgA肾病采用六经辨证为指导,判断病情,能够有效防治IgA肾病,对临床具有重要的意义及价值。     

Protroca: A Noninterventional Study on Prophylactic Lipegfilgrastim against Chemotherapy-Induced Neutropenia in Nonselected Breast Cancer Patients

BackgroundProtroca evaluated the efficacy and safety of primary and secondary prophylaxis of neutropenia with lipegfilgrastim (Lonquex®) in breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy (CT).Patients and MethodsOf the 255 patients enrolled, 248 patients were evaluable for the intent-to-treat (ITT) and 194 patients for the per-protocol set. Primary and secondary end points after lipegfilgrastim treatment were assessed.ResultsNine patients of the ITT set receiving lipegfilgrastim as primary prophylaxis (n = 222) had febrile neutropenia of grade 3–4 (5 patients) or infection of grade 3–4 (4 patients); 1/26 of those receiving secondary prophylaxis had an event. Dose reductions were performed in 9.5% of the patients. Postponement of cancer CT cycles for >3 days occurred in <15% of patients; 10.8% (92/851 AEs) and 8% (2/25 SAEs) of documented adverse events and serious adverse events, respectively, were related to lipegfilgrastim.ConclusionsApplication of lipegfilgrastim was effective as primary and secondary prophylaxis in the prevention of CT-induced neutropenia in breast cancer.     

2020年宁夏新冠疫情期间SARS-CoV-2与常见发热呼吸道病原流行特征比较分析

目的 了解2020年宁夏新冠疫情期间SARS-CoV-2与常见6种发热呼吸道病原的检出情况、流行规律和感染特点,为新冠疫情常态化防控提供理论依据。方法 应用Real time RT-PCR技术对2020年1月20日至2020年2月16日期间宁夏疾病预防控制中心收检的COVID-19筛查样本进行SARS-CoV-2和Flu等常见发热呼吸道病原进行定性检测,并收集各病原阳性患者人口学特征资料。结果 529例COVID-19筛查样本中,SARS-CoV-2阳性检出率为13.23%（70/529）。对COVID-19筛查样本中180份符合条件的FRS病例样本进行6种其他呼吸道病毒病原检测,阳性检出率为12.78%（23/180）,其中检出率较高的病原为Flu和HRSV,阳性率分别为5.00%和2.78%。各时间段内SARS-CoV-2阳性检出率存在两个较为明显的峰值,其他呼吸道病毒总阳性检出率稳中有降。SARS-CoV-2阳性检出率男性和女性差异无统计学意义,41~ 60岁组及60岁以上组阳性率较高,分别为25.00%和24.39%,阳性病例在宁夏五市均有分布,银川市最多;其他呼吸道病原男性检出率显著高于女性,41~ 60岁组阳性率最高,其次为0~20岁组,阳性率分别为33.33%和12.20%,阳性主要集中于银川与中卫两市。结论 在常态下防控新冠疫情的背景下,应加强呼吸道传播病原快速筛查体系的建设以达到精准防控传染病的迫切需求。     

Safety of measles and pertussis-containing vaccines in children with autism spectrum disorders

ObjectivesTo determine whether children aged 4–7 years with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) were at increased risk of fever, febrile seizures, or emergency department (ED) visits following measles- or pertussis-containing vaccines compared with children without ASD.MethodsThe study included children born between 1995–2012, aged 4–7 years at vaccination, and members of six healthcare delivery systems within Vaccine Safety Datalink. We conducted self-controlled risk interval analyses comparing rates of outcomes in risk and control intervals within each group defined by ASD status, and then compared outcome rates between children with and without ASD, in risk and control intervals, by estimating difference-in-differences using logistic regressions.ResultsThe study included 14,947 children with ASD and 1,650,041 children without ASD. After measles- or pertussis-containing vaccination, there were no differences in association between children with and without ASD for fever (ratio of rate ratio for measles-containing vaccine = 1.07, 95% CI 0.58–1.96; for pertussis-containing vaccine = 1.16, 95% CI 0.63–2.15) or ED visits (ratio of rate ratio for measles-containing vaccine = 1.11, 95% CI 0.80–1.54; for pertussis-containing vaccine = 0.87, 95% CI 0.59–1.28). Febrile seizures were rare. Pertussis-containing vaccines were associated with small increased risk of febrile seizures in children without ASD.ConclusionChildren with ASD were not at increased risk for fever or ED visits compared with children without ASD following measles- or pertussis-containing vaccines. These results may provide further reassurance that these vaccines are safe for all children, including those with ASD.     

《伤寒杂病论》合方运用探讨

重点阐述了《伤寒杂病论》所创合方的这一方剂变化的特殊形式及其运用。并对合方的源流,涵义,组方原则,作用及意义进行了探讨。认为合方虽源于《内经》,但成形于《伤寒杂病论》。合方具有单方所不具备的优势和疗效,如治疗面广,作用性强,产生新疗效,调整作用功能等。     

《伤寒论》外治法举隅

汉·张仲景著《伤寒论》中辨证论治体系也包括外治法的内容 ,《伤寒论》中的外治法有针、灸、温覆、熏、导、温粉等治疗方法 ,在临床上用于解表、泻下、和解、清热、温里、固涩、祛湿、预防传变等若干方面。     

Amikacin and ceftazidime as empirical antibiotic therapy in severely neutropenic patients: analysis of prognostic factors

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of amikacine and ceftazidime as an empirical antibiotic therapy for neutropenic patients affected by haematological neoplasms and to investigate the presence of prognostic features suggesting a poor outcome with this antibiotic combination at the onset of infection. This could allow the identification of subgroups of patients with a low rate of response to amikacin/ceftazidime therapy; in these patients different initial empirical therapy may be indicated. The study population comprised 166 severely neutropenic (absolute neutrophil count below 500/l) oncohaematological patients with fever or clinical signs of infection. Multivariate analysis confirmed four negative prognostic factors: 3 or more days of hospitalization at the onset of an infectious episode, a diagnosis of acute myeloid leukaemia, a haematological disease status different from complete remission, the presence of pneumonia. Depending on how many factors are present, cases can be stratified into three groups, of significantly different prognosis: favourable (0 or 1 factor) 76% success; intermediate (2 factors) 52% success; unfavourable (3 or 4 factors) 19% success. At the onset of an infectious episode a subgroup of patients with a very low response rate to empirical amikacin/ceftazidime antibiotic therapy is identifiable, for whom a different therapy is indicated. Because of the high rate of proven or probable fungal infections in this group, the immediate administration of a systemic antifungal therapy, in addition to antibacterial agents, could be considered in these high-risk patients. Studies should be specifically addressed to evaluating a stratification of empirical antibiotic therapy according to risk factors present at the onset of infection.