婴儿测试行为与智力发展相关性的研究

目的：分析自行编制的一套婴幼儿测试行为评定量表集中反映了哪些行为倾向，并探讨测试行为与智力与运动能力之矧的关系。方法：对象为227名6—12个月的正常婴儿（男130名，女97名），采用贝利婴幼儿发展量表（BSID）和自编的婴儿测试行为评定量表作为研究工具。应用因子分析、方差分析和相关分析的统计学方法进行统计分析。结果：提取出目标定向性，觉醒状态，负性情绪，正性情绪，反应性，活动量共6个因子，方差贡献率为65．43％。目标定向性、觉醒状态、正性情绪、反应性与智力发育指数（MDI）存在明显的相关，目标定向性，正性情绪，反应性与运动发育指数（PDI）存在明显的相关。结论：婴儿测试行为与智力发展相关。     

医学综合评价性问题的定性分析与定量灰关联分析研究

采用定性分析与定量灰关联分析相结合的方法处理医学综合评价性的问题和诊断性的问题。定义了诊断值，诊断灰度和信息覆盖率等医学新概念，实例应用说明，这种分析研究和于临床诊断时，诊断符合率高，误诊率低，而且克服了一般医学诊断模式只能定性分析，不能作定量分析的缺点。     

小学生中抑郁症状现况调查

目的：初步了解儿童中抑郁障碍的患病现况，探讨儿童抑郁的常见表现。方法：使用儿童抑郁自评量表(DSRSC)调查长沙市某小学二年级到六年级的565名小学生，并对量表总分≥划界分的学生进行面谈。结果：在565名小学生(男生290名，女生275名)中，量表总分≥划界分的有97名，占总人数的17．17％。使用CCMD-3成人抑郁发作的诊断标准对量表总分≥划界分的93名进行了面谈(面谈率为95．90h，)，发现符合抑郁发作的症状学标准的有38名(其中男生28名，女生10名)，占面谈者的40．9％，无一名达到病程标准和严重程度标准。结论：在儿童中抑郁症状存在较普遍，但真正构成抑郁症临床诊断的极少。     

Effects of Behavioral Control and Type A Behavior on Cardiovascular Responses

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to examine the relationship between degree of behavioral control and cardiovascular changes in 60 adult males performing an anagram solution task, and (b) to assess the interaction between behavioral control and type of subject (A vs. B). Three conditions were used, differing from each other in the percentage of solvable anagrams (100, 50, and 30%). Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and heart rate (HR) were measured before, during, and after the anagram task. In all conditions, during-task SBP, DBP, and HR were significantly elevated above baseline. Blood pressure (BP) elevations appeared to be curvilinearly related to degree of behavioral control, i.e., more elevated in the 50% than in the 100% and 30% conditions. HR changes did not differ among conditions. Concerning the Type A behavior pattern, the results revealed significantly greater BP elevations for Type A than for Type B subjects, especially in the 50% condition, thereby confirming that the physiologic correlates of Type A behavior are predominantly evoked in challenging circumstances. Findings were discussed in the light of results of cardiovascular and endocrinological research. Consideration was given to the possible role of disengagement in the 30% condition and to differences in the pattern of responding between As and Bs.     

轻型孤独症患儿行为特征的探讨

儿童孤独症是以社交障碍、语言障碍和重复刻板行为为特征的广泛性发育障碍 ,近年来发病率呈上升的趋势 ,其中轻型患儿占有相当的比例[1] 。因病因尚不清楚 ,因此尚无特异性的诊断手段 ,主要依靠临床症状和表现。而轻型孤独症患儿由于症状较轻或不典型 ,因此增加了临床诊断的困难 ,易被漏诊或误诊而使患儿失去获得早期干预的机会。目前国内有关孤独症的研究主要限于典型孤独症患儿 ,而有关轻型患儿的研究尚未见报道。我们对轻型孤独症患儿的临床表现及行为特征进行了探讨 ,旨在为轻型孤独症患儿的正确诊断提供依据。1　对象和方法1.1　研究对…     

Behavioral insensitivity to progesterone during lactation in female rats

Lactating female rats failed to display sexual receptivity after receiving 50 μg of estradiol benzoate followed by 1 mg of progesterone. Lactating rats appear to be insensitive to progesterone, based on several experiments. In ovariectomized control rats receiving moderate estrogen priming (1 μg EB for 3 days), progesterone greatly facilitated sexual receptivity; similarly estrogen-primed lactating females showed no responsiveness to progesterone injections, even at a high dose of progesterone (10 mg). Consistent with this reduced behavioral responsiveness to progesterone, lactating females had significantly reduced nuclear progestin receptor levels after an injection of 1 mg progesterone compared to ovariectomized controls. On the other hand, both ovariectomized controls and lactating rats responded with high levels of receptivity to 3 days of priming with 10 μg of estradiol benzoate (without progesterone). Lactating females treated for 3 days with a moderate dose (1 μg) of estradiol benzoate showed slightly reduced receptivity compared to ovariectomized controls; this result could reflect a reduced sensitivity to estrogen but is more likely related to the somewhat lower serum levels of estradiol and consequently lower nuclear estrogen receptors in lactating females compared to ovariectomized controls. The possibility of reduced sensitivity to estrogen leading to a reduced sensitivity to progesterone cannot be eliminated (since animals respond to progesterone only after estrogen priming); however, the reported results favor the idea that lactating females are primarily refractory to progesterone and do not have a generalized insensitivity to estrogen.     

Effects of Beta-Adrenergic Activity on T-Wave Amplitude

This study addresses the hypothesis that electrocardiographic T-wave amplitude is influenced by beta-adrenergic stimulation of the heart. Beta-adrenergic activity was manipulated both pharmacologically and through behavioral challenge. Under resting conditions, 12 healthy men underwent infusion of placebo and then the beta-agonist, isoproterenol, and the beta-blocker, propranolol, in a counterbalanced, crossover design. During infusion of placebo, subjects also underwent two behavioral challenges, a structured interview and mental arithmetic. Analysis of the resting data indicated that propranolol produced a significant increase in T-wave amplitude, and isoproterenol produced significant T-wave amplitude attenuation. As previously reported, drug effects were also in evidence for heart rate. Behaviorally-induced reduction of T-wave amplitude was observed for mental arithmetic but not structured interview, which again paralleled heart rate data. Both pharmacological and behavioral data reported in this study support the hypothesis that the T-wave is significantly affected by beta-sympathetic influence on the heart. However, a nonspecific effect of heart rate change on T-wave amplitude would also account for these results. The findings are discussed in terms of their implications for the utility of T-wave amplitude in psychophysiological research.     

Duration and Placement of Sleep in a "Disentrained" Environment

Sleep/wake cycles of 9 young adults were electrographically recorded during 60 hrs of enforced bedrest. During this period subjects were required to lie quietly, with no time cues and minimal exogenous stimulation. Sleep and wakefulness patterns were clearly modified under these conditions. There was an alternation of waking periods with an average length of 2.7 hrs and sleep episodes with a mean duration of 2.99 hrs. Eighty percent of both sleep and waking periods were less than 4 hrs duration. The circadian pattern of sleep period duration persisted in disentrainment, but temporal organization of sleep episodes was substantially disrupted; sleep episodes occurred throughout the 24-hr day. The results suggest the presence of two distinct components of the human sleep system–one, sleep duration, is controlled by an endogenous circadian oscillatory system; another, sleep placement, is controlled primarily by behavioral controls, in the form of social and occupational pressures, and self-imposed behavioral alternatives to sleep.     

Responses of calves to acute stress: individual consistency and relations between behavioral and physiological measures

The present study examined the consistency over time of individual differences in behavioral and physiological responsiveness of calves to intuitively alarming test situations as well as the relationships between behavioral and physiological measures. Twenty Holstein Friesian heifer calves were individually subjected to the same series of two behavioral and two hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis reactivity tests at 3, 13 and 26 weeks of age. Novel environment (open field, OF) and novel object (NO) tests involved measurement of behavioral, plasma cortisol and heart rate responses. Plasma ACTH and/or cortisol response profiles were determined after administration of exogenous CRH and ACTH, respectively, in the HPA axis reactivity tests. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to condense correlated measures within ages into principal components reflecting independent dimensions underlying the calves' reactivity. Cortisol responses to the OF and NO tests were positively associated with the latency to contact and negatively related to the time spent in contact with the NO. Individual differences in scores of a principal component summarizing this pattern of inter-correlations, as well as differences in separate measures of adrenocortical and behavioral reactivity in the OF and NO tests proved highly consistent over time. The cardiac response to confinement in a start box prior to the OF test was positively associated with the cortisol responses to the OF and NO tests at 26 weeks of age. HPA axis reactivity to ACTH or CRH was unrelated to adrenocortical and behavioral responses to novelty. These findings strongly suggest that the responsiveness of calves was mediated by stable individual characteristics. Correlated adrenocortical and behavioral responses to novelty may reflect underlying fearfulness, defining the individual's susceptibility to the elicitation of fear. Other independent characteristics mediating reactivity may include activity or coping style (related to locomotion) and underlying sociality (associated with vocalization).     

行为问题儿童的生活质量及其影响因素调查

目的:探讨行为问题儿童的生活质量及影响因素.方法:采用Conners量表和儿少主观生活质量问卷调查2087例少年儿童的行为问题和生活质量,然后将问题儿童与正常儿童的结果做比较.结果:行为问题儿童的生活质量明显低于正常儿童,相关分析显示儿少主观生活质量问卷与Conners量表父母问卷和教师评定量表的部分因子存在不同程度的相关.逐步回归显示儿童的学业、行为问题、家庭经济、父亲性格、年龄、父母对不良行为的处理方式、独生共7个变量影响着儿童的生活质量.结论:行为问题儿童生活质量下降,需要得到学校、家庭、同伴、社会等多方面的关怀帮助.