21世纪全球视域下的黄芩科研知识图谱构建及可视化分析

目的 对21世纪以来国内外黄芩Scutellaria baicalensis相关研究进展进行可视化分析,梳理其研究前沿,分析发展方向,为今后黄芩相关研究提供科学依据。方法 对Web of Science（WOS）数据库中的英文文献,中国知网、万方、维普中的中文文献进行检索并进行数据清洗。利用VOSviewer、Coocation等软件对发文量、地区/作者合作网络、关键词共现、主题演化路径进行可视化分析,并对黄芩相关的研究前沿热点进行分析。结果 纳入英文文献1560篇、中文文献22 214篇。黄芩相关领域发文量在2014年以前每年呈现上升趋势,之后每年发文量趋于稳定状态,我国在黄芩相关研究领域占主导地位。合作网络显示国际上中国与美国合作较为紧密,国内各地区合作较为散乱,协作程度较为薄弱。关键词分析表明未来黄芩的研究主要集中在代谢组学、化学成分、作用机制、抗肿瘤、阿尔茨海默症等方向。结论 黄芩相关研究进展迅速,近年来对黄芩的研究逐步稳定,2019年后有回温现象。在后续的研究过程中应注重各地区、各机构之间的合作创新。代谢组学、化学成分、作用机制、抗肿瘤、阿尔茨海默症等方向成为近年来黄芩相关领域的研究热点。黄芩不良反应机制研究还不够完善,同时在其质量评价方面需要更深一步的研究。     

Perception of contraceptive counseling and contraceptive use among systemic lupus erythematosus patients

Objectives(1) To evaluate the perception of contraceptive counseling and knowledge regarding the impact of unintended pregnancy and (2) examine the prevalence of, and predictors for contraceptive use among systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients.Study designA cross-sectional survey was conducted at the Rheumatology Clinic of a university hospital. SLE patients who attended the clinic from April 2018 to January 2019 and at risk for unintended pregnancy and were invited to be interviewed. The structured interview guide consisted of three parts: personal and obstetric information, perception of contraceptive counseling and knowledge about the impact of unintended pregnancy, and contraceptive use.ResultsThe mean age of the 137 patients who gave informed consents was 34 ± 8 years, with 47 patients (34%) stating that they had received contraceptive counseling. Seventy-five patients (52%) reported practicing contraception. The intention to not become pregnant (Odds Ratio; 95% CI = 7.28; 1.75–30.27), perception of adequate contraceptive counseling (2.77; 1.06–7.20) and discussion with partners and physicians about contraception (3.95; 1.64–9.50) were predictors for contraceptive use (p < 0.05).ConclusionMost patients reported no contraceptive counseling with approximately half of the patients using contraceptive methods within the past three months. Desire to avoid pregnancy, perception of adequate contraceptive counseling, and the influence of partners and physicians were significant predictors for contraceptive use.ImplicationsContraceptive counseling should be routinely included in discussions about disease processes and treatment plans, including access issues. Best practices for contraceptive counseling and integrated, multi-disciplinary team services should be developed and provided in clinical settings.     

四川省自然灾害多发地区居民灾害健康知识行为现状及影响因素分析

目的 调查灾害多发地区居民健康知识和行为现状及其影响因素,为进一步开展针对性健康教育提供科学依据。 方法 对四川省什邡市、泸县和越西县的居民进行问卷调查。 结果 本研究共调查1600人,健康知识方面,呼吸道传染病知识知晓率为9.4%,消化道传染病知识知晓率为16.2%,急救电话知晓率为66.6%;地震室外安全做法知晓率为91.9%,地震室内安全做法知晓率为57. 6%,洪水逃生技巧知晓率为43.6%。健康行为方面,55.1%的居民从不会喝生水,54.9%的居民能掌握正确的洗手方式,86.4%的居民会在做菜时将生熟分开。Logistic回归分析结果显示,健康知识知晓率与民族(OR=0.240, 95% CI=0.146~0.396)、文化程度(OR=1.179, 95% CI=1.049~1.326)相关,健康行为形成率与地区(OR=1.266, 95% CI=1.020~1.570)、民族(OR=0.244, 95% CI=0.148~0.401)、文化程度(OR=1.388, 95% CI=1.243~1.551)、家庭总收入(OR=1.172, 95% CI=1.034~1.329)相关。结论 四川省居民自然灾害健康知识认知和健康行为形成存在问题,应广泛开展健康宣教活动,提高居民自救互救能力和防灾减灾意识,减少健康风险。     

营养干预对学生知识行为及超重肥胖的影响

目的 在“营养校园”试点学校进行为期一年的营养干预,分析评价干预效果。方法 在石家庄新华区选取一所小学和一所初中进行干预,从三、五、七年级中分别随机抽取2个班级的学生在干预前后进行调查。干预方法包括开展营养健康教育、促进身体活动、科学营养供餐支持等综合措施,通过问卷和体格测量调查学生干预前后的营养知识、饮食行为及超重肥胖变化情况。结果 干预后,营养知识题目的正确率显著提高（χ2=613.737,P<0.001）,总体正确率为59.8%。学生早餐食物种类（χ2=19.841,P<0.001）和早餐摄入频率（χ2=5.405,P<0.05）均有显著改善。总体超重肥胖率未见显著改善,按性别、年级分层分析发现,女生超重肥胖率降低（χ2=1.891,P<0.05）,5年级（χ2=4.923,P<0.05）和7年级（χ2=10.563,P<0.01）学生超重肥胖率降低,且高年级学生降幅更明显。结论 以校园为基础开展综合营养干预措施,可以提高学生的营养知识水平,并改善学生的不良饮食行为及超重肥胖现状。     

知识模式转换在医学科技创新中的作用

医学科技创新是医院赖以生存与发展的动力,医学科技创新的过程也是医学知识模式不断转换的过程,本文从知识模式转换的视角,探讨知识管理对医学科技创新的意义与作用     

Son Preference and Family Planning Practices among Married Men in Mumbai, India

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尼尔雌醇用于绝经后取宫内节育器

20例绝经后宫内节育器取出失败者,给予尼尔雌醇4mg顿服,7天后皆顺利取出宫内节育器。     

医学生艾滋病知识的调查及其健康教育

①目的 调查医学生对艾滋病知识的了解情况,探讨健康教育的有效措施。②方法 参考WHO关于艾滋病的知识、态度、信念、行为问卷,根据医学生实际情况编制调查问卷,以无记名选择答案的方式,对558名医学生进行了有关艾滋病知识的调查。③结果 100％的医学生知道艾滋病,但只有67.6%的学生知道艾滋病的病原体是HIV,62.2%的被调查者能正确回答出艾滋病的传播途径,92.0%的学生对艾滋病病人和HIV感染者表示不歧视,72.4%的学生较关心艾滋病的流行趋势,84.2%的学生认为我国现在广泛地开展艾滋病的健康教育十分必要。④结论 在医学生中加强艾滋病的健康教育势在必行。     

Analysis of Contraceptive Knowledge among MarriedReproductive Women in China

Objective To investigate how well the married reproductive women in China have the contraceptive knowledge and its influencing factors Data & Methods The data derived from "The national survey on population and re productive health in 1997" executed by State Family Planning Commission (SFPC) were analyzed. Results It showed that the contraceptive knowledge of married reproductive women was poor in China. Only 5. 9% of women got full mark (4 points) in the survey and 42. 5% of them got zero. In this survey, married reproductive women got lower marks were those who were older, in rural area, with low education levels themselves and their husbands; with a non-Hah husband, later menarche onset and earlier marriage; who had never received gynecological examination, or courses for newly married. Conclusion Spreading contraceptive knowledge among married reproductive women should be one of the central missions of family planning services in future. The focus should be put on those women we mentioned above. Regular gynecological examinations should be carried out and the education for newly married people should be more effi cient. When the courses of contraceptive knowledge are provided, both husband and wife should attend.