Early postnatal development of the monkey globus pallidus: a Golgi and electron microscopic study

The globus pallidus of 20 monkeys ranging in age from newborn to 4 months was examined in Golgi-impregnated material and ultrastructurally. There was no discernible difference between the lateral and medial segments of the structure. At the light microscope level, all neuronal types described in the adult are found at birth. The most common, the large fusifom cell, shows initial signs of immaturity such as blunt protrusions and dendritic dilations at bifurcation points, as well as growth cones, filopodia, and filiform processes. These features become more rare with age, and by 4 months, the neurons appear fully mature save for the terminal dendritic arborizations which are still underdeveloped. From the earliest ages examined, the large globular cells and the interneurons are more mature than the previous type. The afferent radial fibers of striatal origin are observed from birth, but they are grouped in bundles only after 8 weeks. The density of their climbing branches increases over time, reaching a mature appearance by 16 weeks. Afferents entering from the ventral surface do not yet show clusters of varicosities at 2 weeks. At the latter age, plexuses of fine beaded fibers are already seen covering large extensions of the nucleus. The fine structure correlates well with the Golgi material. The basic features of the neuropil are present at birth, albeit with immature characteristics such as the incomplete covering of the dendrites with axonal boutons and the low level of myelination of the radial fibers. Growth cones and profiles with signs of degeneration are observed during the first month. In the early ages examined, most dendrites show large varicosities and protrusions, some of which are spinelike and can be postsynaptic to multiple terminals. The other dendritic type, with only an occasional axodendritic synapse, is also seen from birth and increases in size as a function of time. The type I axonal boutons, of probable striatal origin, are quite immature at birth, and their characteristic interdigitations are seen only after the first week. The type II, III, IV, and V boutons appear mature at all ages examined but crest synapses formed by the type III terminals are observed in the later stages of the study. Finally, postsynaptic vesicle-containing profiles are present at 4 weeks, but triadic synaptic arrangements are formed only by 16 weeks.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)     

Efferent connections of the striatum and the nucleus accumbens in the lizard Gekko gecko

The efferent connections of the striatum and the nucleus accumbens of the lizard Gekko gecko were studied with the anterograde tracer Phaseolus vulgaris-leucoagglutinin (PHA-L). These structures were found to have segregated output systems. The striatum shows a major projection to the globus pallidus. Striatal fibers which are more caudally directed run through the lateral forebrain bundle and can be traced as far caudally as the pars reticularis of the substantia nigra where they exhibit many varicosities. Along its course, the lateral forebrain bundle issues fibers with varicosities to the anterior and posterior entopeduncular nuclei. The major recipient structure of the nucleus accumbens is the ventral pallidum. The nucleus accumbens, in addition, projects to the portion of the lateral hypothalamus in the path of the medial forebrain bundle and to the ventral tegmental area, which is its most caudal target. Subsequently, the same technique was used in an attempt to study the efferents of the globus pallidus and the ventral pallidum, the major recipient structures of the striatum and the nucleus accumbens. The globus pallidus was found to project to the rostral part of the suprapeduncular nucleus in the ventral thalamus and, in addition, may distribute fibers to the same structures as does the striatum. The ventral pallidum distributes fibers to the ventromedial thalamic nucleus. It probably also projects diffusely to the hypothalamus, the habenula, and the mesencephalic tegmentum.     

新生儿梅毒螺旋体IgM抗体检测的方法研究与临床应用

目的研究新生儿梅毒螺旋体(TP)-IgM抗体的检测方法,及其在先天性梅毒早期诊断中的价值。方法采用甲苯胺红不加热血清试验(TRUST)和TP酶联免疫吸附试验(TP-ELISA)检测梅毒新生儿及其母亲血清TP-IgM抗体,同时检测血清TRUST滴度。以德国欧蒙试剂为对照,评估去除血清中IgG抗体和IgG型类风湿因子(IgG/RF)、酶标抗IgM抗体和酶标TP抗原等方法对IgM抗体检测效能的影响。结果 108例梅毒新生儿及其母亲TP-ELISA阳性率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),梅毒母亲的TRUST阳性率显著高于其新生儿(P<0.05),而且梅毒母亲TRUST抗体滴度普遍高于新生儿(P<0.05)。与对照方法相比,IgM抗体检测时去除血清中IgG抗体可获得更好的相关性和一致性(Kappa>0.75),而使用酶标抗人IgM抗体(间接法,Kappa=0.956)比使用酶标TP抗原(双抗原夹心法,Kappa=0.817)的检测结果与对照方法更相近。结论 TRUST和TP-ELISA检测对新生儿先天性梅毒的早期诊断意义较小,而TP-IgM抗体检测方法在先天性梅毒的早期诊断中有较好应用前景。     

梅毒螺旋体阳性患者C反应蛋白的变化及意义

目的:观察梅毒抗体阳性患者C反应蛋白水平以探讨其对梅毒螺旋体感染的诊断意义及应用价值.方法:分别检测并比较75例梅毒抗体阳性患者、80例健康正常人c反应蛋白水平,并同时对比分析梅毒患者治疗前后c反应蛋白水平变化情况.结果:观察组梅毒患者治疗前CRP水平显著高于健康正常人组(P＜0.001).I期、Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期梅毒患者CRP水平有显著性差异(P＜0.01),随患者梅毒分期的增高,CRP水平有所降低.梅毒患者治疗前后CRP水平有统计学差异(P＜0.01).结论:CRP检测在梅毒抗体阳性患者早期诊断、临床分期及治疗转归等方面具有重要应用价值.     

2010年汉中市住院患者传染性疾病标志物的检测结果分析

目的 了解2010年本院住院患者经血液传播的疾病如乙型肝炎、丙型肝炎、梅毒、艾滋病的感染情况.方法 采用酶联免疫吸附试验对本院2010年1～12月21 992例住院患者进行传染性疾病标志物的检测,包括:乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原(HBsAg)、丙型肝炎病毒抗体(抗-HCV)、梅毒螺旋体抗体(抗-TP)、人类免疫缺陷病毒抗体(抗-HIVl/2).结果 总阳性率为10.14%,HBsAg阳性率为7.26%,丙型肝炎病毒抗体阳性率为0.76%.梅毒螺旋体抗体为2.08%,抗-HIVl/2阳性率为0.05%.结论 本院患者相关传染性疾病标志物的检测为相关疾病的防治及控制其传播起到一定的意义.     

梅毒检测方法的比较分析

目的了解广东省台山市梅毒感染情况,对梅毒检测方法学进行评价,为制订相应的干预和实验室检测策略提供依据。方法采用快速血浆反应素试验(RPR)和梅毒螺旋体酶联免疫吸附试验(TP-ELISA)方法进行检测,阳性结果均用梅毒螺旋体明胶凝集试验(TPPA)进行确认。结果 2010年共596份血清样本(上半年319份,下半年277份),在TPPA法确诊的45份阳性标本中,RPR法检出阳性16份,敏感性为35.56%;ELISA法检出阳性43份,敏感性为95.56%。RPR法共检出阳性21份,有5份确诊为阴性,特异性为99.16%;ELISA法共检出阳性46份,有3例确诊为阴性,特异性为99.50%。RPR和TPPA阳性结果差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),ELISA与TPPA阳性结果差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 ELISA检测法比RPR检测法的敏感性高,特异性好,可作为梅毒感染的一种理想检测方法,对控制梅毒的性传播有重要意义。但对ELISA阳性标本应做TPPA确认。     

ELISA法筛查临床样本中梅毒螺旋体抗体假阳性结果分析

目的:分析酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)从临床样本中检测出梅毒阳性结果中的假阳性及应对措施。方法:把5886例分为老年组和中青年组,用TP-ELISA从检出阳性91例,再用蛋白印迹法(WB)进行确认。结果:TP-ELISA法从老年组的梅毒抗体检出53例(2.64%),WB法确证45例,假阳性率15.09%;TP-ELISA法从中青年组的梅毒抗体检出38例(0.98%),WB法确证37例,假阳性率2.63%。且出假阳性时TP-ELISA法的S/CO值与真阳性时的S/CO值无显著性意义。结论:为提高老年人梅毒检测准确性,实验室使用WB法对有疑问的TP-ELISA法检测阳性样本进行确认是较好的选择。     

TP-ELISA法对梅毒检测的诊断学评价

目的 评估梅毒螺旋体抗体酶联免疫吸附试验(Treponema pallidum antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay TP-ELISA)在梅毒检测中的诊断价值.方法 用梅毒螺旋体明胶凝集法(Treponema pallidum particle agglutination test TPPA)与TP-ELISA法对60例住院及门诊梅毒患者血清和50例健康体检者血清分别进行检测,以TPPA法作为参比方法.结 TP-ELISA法与TPPA法检测梅毒结果差异无显著性(P>0.05),并且两者有极好的一致性(Kw=0.8541.TP-ELISA的诊断敏感性(Se)为90%、诊断特异性(Sp)为96.8%、阳性预告值(+PV)为97.2%、阴性预告值(-PV)为88.77%.结论 TP-ELISA法与TPPA法对梅毒检测结果总体上一致,是临床理想的筛查方法,适用于大批量样本检查.     

血清梅毒螺旋体IgM在先天梅毒诊断中的意义

目的探讨血清梅毒螺旋体IgM(TP-IgM)检测在先天梅毒诊断中的作用。方法回顾性分析了1215例初诊儿童的梅毒血清学检查结果,并与其临床资料作比较分析。结果梅毒血清学阳性率8.81%(107/1215),其中梅毒螺旋体IgM阳性率6.42%(78/1215)。107例梅毒血清学阳性患儿最后确诊为先天梅毒92例,TP-IgM阳性与先天梅毒确诊符合率为100%。结论血清梅毒螺旋体IgM是诊断婴幼儿先天梅毒有价值的梅毒血清学指标,对鉴别先天梅毒和被动梅毒血症有重要意义。     

梅毒螺旋体Tp0821基因的克隆、表达、纯化及免疫活性研究

目的 构建梅毒螺旋体(Tp)膜脂蛋白Tp0821的重组质粒,表达、纯化其相应蛋白,研究其免疫活性.方法 构建重组质粒pQE32/Tp082l,诱导表达其相应蛋白,以纯化的重组蛋白免疫新西兰兔,制备多克隆抗体并测定其效价.建立间接ELISA法,检测80份梅毒参比血清、临床经FTA-ABS确诊的阳性血清各150份.结果 成功构建重组质粒pQE32/Tp0821,十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)分析重组蛋白分子量与预期结果相符.将亲和层析后所获高纯度重组蛋白免疫新西兰兔,制备的多克隆抗体效价达1:6400.间接ELISA法检测梅毒参比血清、临床梅毒患者血清,与间接免疫荧光螺旋体抗体吸附试验(FTA-ABS)法比较,其灵敏度、特异度分别为92.6%和98.6%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 Tp0821重组蛋白具有较好的免疫活性,可用于梅毒血清学检测.