Characterization of sugar receptor expression by neoglycoproteins in oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas

Recognition of the carbohydrate part of cellular glycoconjugates by sugar receptors like lectins may contribute to biosignaling and interactions between normal and transformed cells. Such recognitions may be essential for establishing phenotypic characteristics in neoplastic cells, including metastasis-associated properties. To evaluate various glycoconjugates in tumor diagnosis and clinical therapy, a panel of 18 biotinylated neoglycoproteins was prepared. This included conjugates of a histochemically inert carrier protein and crucial sugar moieties such as D-glucuronic acid, - and -N-acetyl-galactosamine, -N-acetyl-glucosamine, melibiose, lactose, maltose, cellobiose, mannose, mannose-6-phosphate, fucose, rhamnose, and xylose. In so doing the diazo derivative of the respective p-aminophenyl glycosides was coupled with galactose, (-N-acetyl-galactosamine or -N-acetylglucosamine via an epoxy group-containing aliphatic spacer. Other glycoconjugates used were the proteoglycan heparin and the sulfated fucan fucoidan. Labeling was effected with cyanogen bromide activation and aminoalkylation for specific detection of endogenous sugar receptors, especially lectins. Tissues studied were paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin-embedded surgical biopsies from patients with different stages of squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) of the oral cavity (n = 16) and oropharynx (n = 17), including three lymph node metastases from oropharyngeal primary tumors. Semiquantitative binding differences of probes to tumor stages were evaluated statistically by the Mann-Whitney U-Wilcoxon rank sum W test. Specific binding of a probe to cytoplasmic and nuclear structures was detected with apparent quantitative differences. Overall, the cytoplasmic compartment revealed a higher intensity of histochemical reaction than did nuclear structures, indicating a comparatively higher density of specific carbohydrate receptors. Significant and highly significant two-tailed P values were noted for tissue types and stages of SCCs of the oropharynx but not the oral cavity.     

侧脑室—腹腔分流治疗脑积水62例报告

目的　探讨脑积水的治疗方法和疗效。方法　62例均行侧脑室-腹腔分流术。脑室端从枕角穿入10cm接引流泵,再从皮下隧道引至上腹或左下腹放入腹腔。结果　1～4周后复查,症状完全消失56例,部分改善5例,无变化1例。57例复查CT示:52例脑室恢复正常,4例脑室较前缩小,1例无变化。堵管9例。低颅内压2例,硬膜下血肿2例,经保守治疗痊愈。49例随访1～8年,41例能正常工作学习,5例生活自理,1例植物生存,2例死亡。结论　明确诊断,掌握手术适应症及手术技巧是成功的关键。     

Oral colonization by anaerobic bacteria during childhood: role in health and disease

Anaerobes constitute a significant part of bacterial communities in human mouths. Their ability to colonize and survive in the environment, where remarkable changes occur during early childhood, is fundamental for oral homeostasis. However, relatively little is known of the time of colonization and succession of anaerobic species in the oral cavity. This article presents an up-to-date review on the development of the oral anaerobic microflora in respect to age, and in addition, considers some aspects of the role of oral anaerobes in health and disease.     

44例脓胸的外科治疗

目的：探讨脓胸的治疗方法。方法：根据已出院的44例脓胸患者的治疗资料进行分析。结果：胸腔闭式引流、胸腔灌洗是治疗中不可缺少的手段。结论：在全身治疗的基础上,配合胸腔闭式引流、胸腔灌洗、必要的外科手术可望取得较为理想的治疗结果。     

Is the retractile testis a normal,physiological variant or an anomaly that requires active treatment?

Conventional teaching states that the retractile testis is a normal, physiological variant that descends spontaneously by puberty and requires no active treatment. Critical review of the literature, however, suggests that this complacent view may be inappropriate. Substantial overlap exists between the three seemingly separate entities of the late descending, the ascending and the retractile testes. This overlapping group probably accounts for the recently observed increased incidence of orchidopexies. Retractile testes that spend most of the time in an extrascrotal position are subject to the same adverse effects of higher temperatures as true undescended testes, regardless of whether they can be manipulated into the scrotum; what matters is where they actually reside most of the time. The evidence suggests that such retractile testes suffer similar pathological changes to true undescended testes if left to await spontaneous descent. Evidence is presented to support a radical, novel proposal that the retractile testis is a variant of the spectrum of pathological maldescended testes and requires active treatment. A new strategy is proposed for the management of this common pathology. Correspondence to: D. W. Goh     

P14~(ARF)蛋白与脑胶质瘤发生发展的相关性研究

目的 :探讨脑胶质瘤中 P14 ARF蛋白表达与不同病理级别脑胶质瘤的相关性。方法 :应用免疫组织化学技术检测 31例不同病理分级脑胶质瘤中 P14 ARF蛋白表达 ,5例正常脑组织为正常对照。结果 :P14 ARF蛋白表达阳性率在低级别 ( 级、 级 )和高级别 ( 级、 级 )脑胶质瘤中分别为 87.5 %、30 .4 3%。该蛋白在低级别和高级别中的表达均具有显著性差异 (P<0 .0 5 )。P14 ARF表达水平与脑胶质瘤病理分级之间呈显著负相关性 (r=- 0 .5 71,P<0 .0 1) ,即随着肿瘤恶性度的升高而降低。结论 :P14 ARF蛋白表达异常可导致细胞周期调控失常和细胞异常增殖 ,加速脑胶质瘤恶性演进。     

分泌性中耳炎咽鼓管及鼓室黏膜的光镜及电镜观察

目的：探讨分泌性中耳炎的发病原因，为临床治疗提供理论依据。方法：通过微波烧灼双侧咽鼓管口，建立分泌性中耳炎动物模型。光镜观察比较咽鼓管管腔及黏一软骨膜和鼓室黏膜变化。电镜观察咽鼓管鼓室段暗颗粒分泌细胞及其表面活性物质样板层体的变化。结果：各组咽鼓管管腔通畅，咽鼓管黏一软骨膜不易受炎症浸润及负压影响。鼓室黏膜水肿、增生、炎性细胞浸润明显，暗颗粒细胞分泌功能受损，表面活性物质板层体结构明显减少或消失。结论：咽鼓管黏一软骨膜在分泌性中耳炎发病过程中起重要作用。表面活性物质减少与分泌性中耳炎的发生密切相关。     

鼻腔神经部分切断术及下鼻甲粘骨膜下剥离术治疗变应性鼻炎18例临床分析

目的：观察鼻腔神经部分切断术和下鼻甲粘骨膜下血管神经离断术对变应性鼻炎的疗效。方法：对18例常年性变应性鼻炎患者进行鼻腔神经部分切断术与下鼻甲粘骨膜下血管神经离断术。所有病例随访12个月，评价其临床效果。结果：10例临床症状消失，体征明显改善；7例临床症状明显缓解，体征改善；1例无效。总有效率94．4％。结论：鼻腔神经部分切断和下鼻甲粘骨膜下血管神经离断术治疗常年性变应性鼻炎效果显著。     

99Tcm-HMPAO-WBC显像对女性可疑腹部感染性疾病的诊断应用

目的 评价炎症显像剂^99Tc^m-HMPAO-WBC对女性可疑腹部感染性疾病的诊断价值。方法 对ll例怀疑有腹部感染的女性惠者行^99Tc^m-HMPAO-WBC显像，显像时间为注入显像后120min、180min。结果 ll例患者7例阳性，4例阴性。对比手术、内镜检查以及6个月随访结果，假阳性1例，无假阴性。^99Tc^m-HMPAO-WBC显像对女性可疑腹部感染性疾病的敏感性、特异性和准确率分别为100％、80％和90．9％。结论^99Tc^m-HMPAO-WBC显像是一种敏感、准确的早期诊断和鉴别女性可疑腹部感染性疾病的方法。     

进展期结直肠癌术前经直肠5-Fu化疗的疗效观察

目的　探讨术前经直肠 5 -Fu化疗对进展期结直肠癌术后生存率的影响。方法　统计进展期结直肠癌术前经直肠 5 -Fu化疗病例 112例及对照组 14 4例 ,观察化疗反应情况并比较两组术后并发症、局部复发率、5年生存率。结果　两组术后并发症、局部复发率无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,但化疗组中B期病人及直肠癌病人 5年生存率均显著高于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　进展期结直肠癌术前经直肠 5 -Fu化疗是一种有效、安全、方便的治疗措施 ,具有一定的提高生存率的作用 ,可作为术前常规应用。