Lessons learned from teaching web-based courses: the 7-year itch

TOPIC: Lessons learned from teaching web-based courses: the 7-year itch. SOURCES OF INFORMATION: Increased sophisticated technological communications are rapidly changing the teaching and learning environment. Nursing educators must respond by developing new ways of teaching. Because of these changes, new ways of teaching, course delivery methods, and classroom environments are being discovered. The Internet and the cyberspace environment allow students from all over the nation to sit in the same virtual classroom and "attend lecture" with one instructor. This article describes lessons learned from seven years of teaching on the web on both undergraduate and graduate levels. CONCLUSION: The major challenges for faculty relate to the creation of a stimulated learning environment for communication and interaction among the students, course preparation, workload, time management. Additional challenges are the methods of classroom discussions, teaching methods, responding to students, and teaching a 2-unit clinical component on-line. For students, issues of learning styles, motivation, and class participation are discussed. Results of the students' responses to a 10-item Likert-type course evaluation tool as well as issues for future web educators are presented.     

On-line moisture determination of ore concentrates 'a review of traditional methods and introduction of a novel solution'

The manual gravimetric drying moisture determination methods currently employed by most mineral processing plants fail to provide timely and accurate information required for automatic control. The costs associated with transporting and handling concentrates still represent a major portion of the overall treatment price. When considering the cash flow of a mining operation that is governed by both the smelter contract, with moisture penalties and the quantity and quality of the concentrates shipped, an efficient method of on-line moisture content would be a welcome tool. A novel on-line determination system for ore concentrate moisture content would replace the tedious manual procedure. Since the introduction of microelectronic-based control systems, operators have strived to reduce the treatment costs to the minimum. Therefore, a representative and timely determination of on-line moisture content becomes vital for control set points and timely feedback. Reliable sensors have long been on the 'wish list' of mineral processors since the problem has always been that you can only control what you can measure. Today, the task of moisture determination is still done by the classical technique of loss in weight utilizing uncontrolled procedures. These same methods were introduced in the earliest base metal concentrators. Generally, it is acceptable to have ore concentrate moisture content vary within a range of 7-9%, but controlling the moisture content below 8% is a difficult task with a manually controlled system. Many times, delays in manually achieving reliable feedback of the moisture content results in the moisture varying from 5-12% before corrective actions can be made. This paper first reviews the traditional and widely available methods for determining moisture content in granular materials by applying physical principles and properties to measure moisture content. All methods are in some form affected when employed on mineral ore concentrates. This paper introduces and describes a novel on-line moisture sensor employed for mineral processing de-watering applications, which not only automates the tedious tasks but also results in reliable moisture feedback that can be used in the optimization of the de-watering process equipment such as pressure or vacuum filters and fuel-fired driers. Finally, two measurement applications will be presented which indicate the usefulness and summarizes the measurement requirements for the proposed method of employing drag force and mechanical properties of the material itself to determine the moisture content.     

在线监管技术在固体废物处置监管中的应用

通过对杭州市现阶段的生活固体废物处置监管手段和现状的总结,结合在线监控系统的技术要点,提出了杭州市固体废物在线监管系统建设应秉承"全面监管、全程监管、全天候监管"的理念,以共建共享"生活品质之城"为载体,以实现"最清洁城市"为目标,选择适合杭州市实际的在线监管技术,建立一套人工监管与在线监管相结合的固体废物监管体系.     

Is on-line monitoring of renal function possible?

Summary Twenty patients who had undergone open heart surgery were studied in order to determine whether measurement of the combined urinary sodium and potassium concentration can be used to monitor renal function.The clearances of creatinine and the free water demonstrated a significant statistical correlation with the combined urinary sodium and potassium concentration. We conclude that measurement of the combined sodium and potassium concentration in the urine can be used as an indicator of renal function. Thus, measurement of the electrical conductivity in the urine might be suitable as an on-line monitor of renal function during surgery or in the intensive care unit.     

网络心理咨询业的开展与伦理困境

目前网络心理咨询业正处于高速发展期,而在其发展过程中,却存在一些问题。本文主要分析网络心理咨询业的发展现状、存在问题,并对网络心理咨询业的职业伦理规则进行了探讨。     

On-line HDF治疗维持性透析患者并发症的护理

对20例维持性透析并发难治性高血压、顽固性瘙痒、不安腿综合征等患者,采用每周2次血液透析+1次on-line HDF,加强观察和护理.患者血压得到良好的控制,皮肤瘙痒得到明显改善,不安腿症状有所好转,贫血、食欲减退、精神和神经症状得到改善,生活质量明显提高.     

A new PAT/QbD approach for the determination of blend homogeneity: Combination of on-line NIRS analysis with PC Scores Distance Analysis (PC-SDA)

A novel and straightforward multivariate analytical tool for the qualitative determination of powder blend uniformity using on-line Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) is presented. The approach combines current chemometric methods, e.g. spectral pre-processing and Principal Component Analysis (PCA), with (1) a new approach of data analysis to determine the end-point of the blending process, (2) building a design space (DS) for blend homogeneity and (3) developing a solid statistical rationale to stop blending according to Quality-by-Design (QbD) principles of FDA’s Process Analytical Technology (PAT) initiative. The new approach comprises calculation of Euclidean distances between PCA scores in a multidimensional space and determination of Moving Block Standard Deviations (MBSDs) of successive Principal Component (PC) scores distances to estimate a time-window during blending where spectral variability decreases to a preset minimum. Hotelling’s T² statistics is then used to monitor and report blend homogeneity. This technique is called “Principal Component Scores Distance Analysis” (PC-SDA).A Central Composite Design resulting in 10 batches mixed in a bin-blender (same composition, different blender fill level, different number of revolutions) was executed.NIR Chemical Imaging (NIR-CI) in combination with Symmetry Parameter Image Analysis (SPIA) was used to verify the NIRS analyzer response and assess homogeneity of all NIR-active components.     

近红外光谱技术用于血必净注射液提取过程的在线检测研究

目的:采用近红外透射光谱法,建立血必净注射液提取过程各质控指标的快速定量分析模型,并进行提取终点的快速判断,实现提取过程的在线检测。方法:以川芎、丹参和当归3种药材混合提取过程为例,采用偏最小二乘法回归(PLSR)分别建立阿魏酸浓度和含固量的定量校正模型,并将模型应用于提取过程的在线检测。使用移动块标准偏差(MBSD)算法实现对提取终点的快速判断。此外,采用模型更新方法,扩充原有模型,提高模型的稳定性和预测精度。结果:所建立的阿魏酸和含固量校正模型相关系数均达到0.986,采用所建模型进行在线分析,预测结果与实际测定值相关系数均大于0.967,预测相对偏差(RSEP)小于10%,相对分析误差(RPD)大于3。同时,MBSD算法的终点判断结果与实际相符。此外,将新的样品加入原校正模型进行模型更新后预测效果有所改善。结论:研究结果表明,利用近红外光谱技术可以实现提取过程中阿魏酸浓度和含固量的快速检测,并可快速判断提取终点。另外,模型更新方法有利于解决因药材质量、工况等发生变化导致的"模型失效"问题,从而扩展模型的使用范围。     

光纤传感在线监测格列齐特缓释片的释放度

目的利用六通道光纤药物溶出度测定仪,建立一种光纤实时在线监测格列齐特缓释片体外释放度的方法。方法分别采用FODT-601型光纤药物溶出度实时监测仪和2005年版中国药典的紫外分光光度法在226 nm波长处测定格列齐特缓释片的释放度。结果方法回收率为98.9%100.8%,2种测定方法之间差异无显著性（P〉0.05）。格列齐特缓释片的释药曲线可用Peppas方程拟合,释药机制为非Fickian扩散。结论光纤药物溶出度过程监测法能有效地测定缓释制剂的体外释放度,并能真实地反映药物释放的全过程,可替代繁琐的传统方法。