提高灌注溶石疗法的研究(附87例分析)

应用2%复方去氧胆酸钠、2%复方偏磷酸钠及Ⅰ号或Ⅱ号复方桔皮油乳剂等溶石剂经胆道引流管灌注治疗87例胆道残石病例。治疗前经 X 线或胆道镜确诊。残石部位:肝外胆管31例;肝内胆管37例;肝内外胆管19例。治疗中从引流瓶及大便淘洗中发现大量胆石碎片,经化学分析及电镜检查,与体外溶石试验结果一致。治疗结果:56例全溶,占64.37%;19例残石变小或变少,占21.24%;4例因肝内胆管病变中转手术,占4.86%;8例因治疗反应停止溶石,占9.20%。4例肿大的肝脾缩小,脸色由灰暗变为红润。对改善溶石治疗的有关措施进行了讨论。     

An audit of pain and vomiting in paediatric day case surgery

Three hundred and thirteen paediatric day case patients were prospectively audited to assess postoperative pain, nausea and vomiting using data sheets completed by nursing staff, anaesthetists and parents. The incidence of nausea and vomiting was 7.3% and was commoner in older children and those who had received opioids. Forty per cent of patients had some degree of postoperative pain; 17% of these patients were scored as having severe pain. Of children who had pain on returning home (31.4%), 85% of these required paracetamol. Fifteen per cent of children had a disturbed night due to pain and/or vomiting after their operation and 28.5% of children had pain on the following day. Boys undergoing circumcision were responsible for a disproportionately high percentage of the severe pain scores. Audit has helped to highlight deficiencies in the service provided and has led staff to try and improve their methods of analgesia.     

Hospital versus population controls in a retrospective study on diet and stomach cancer

The aim of the present study is to evaluate drawbacks and advantagesof the choice of hospital versus population controls in a casecontrol study on diet and cancer through the analysis of a retrospectivestudy on diet and gastric cancer (GC) conducted in Forli, Italy,involving 232 cases, 430 population controls and 252 hospitalizedcontrols. The present paper reports the comparison of resultson diet and GC risk obtained using the 2 types of controls.Population controls tended, in general, to eat all kinds offoods slightly more frequently (bread, pasta, cold cuts, freshfish, seasoned cheeses, legumes, garlic, onions and preservedfruits), with the exception of cooked vegetables, which werereported less frequently by population than by hospital controls.ORs for specific foods adjusted for confounders and other foodswere consistent in the separate models including populationand hospital controls respectively for all food groups, withthe exception of cooked vegetables which represented a protectivefactor only when hospital controls were considered (high consumers,population controls: adjusted, OR=0.9, trend p value 0.54; highconsumers, hospital controls, adjusted OR=0.5, trend p value<0.01). Hospital controls were slightly less often currentsmokers (22.6 versus 30.0%) and more often regular wine drinkers(57.5 versus 47.8%) compared with population controls, but noneof these variables was associated with GC risk. The main resultsin this study were consistent using both types of controls,nevertheless the distribution of some dietary variables notrelated to the disease under study differed between the 2 controlgroups, suggesting some caution in the use of hospital controlswhen studying diseases other than GC.     

宫、腹腔镜联合诊治性腺发育不全6例报告

目的：探讨宫、腹腔镜联合诊治性腺发育不全的作用及性腺发育不全的镜下特点。方法：对6例性腺发育不全患者进行宫、腹腔镜检查及腹腔镜下切除的性腺病例资料进行分析。结果：6例均为女性外阴,含有Y染色体,性激素低,5例骨龄明显低于同龄,3例为xo/xy性腺发育不全,3例为xy单纯性性腺发育不全,性腺均位于腹腔内,5例宫腔镜下见有宫颈,2例合并腹股沟斜疝,1例因B超未见子宫外院诊为CAIS,1例xo/xy性腺发育不全者性腺合并性腺母细胞瘤（16.67%）。结论：宫、腹腔镜是鉴别性腺发育不全抑或性激素及功能异常较好的诊断手段,且腹腔镜下观察清晰,在镜下切除性腺组织简单易行,可防止性腺发生病变。     

Body composition in young female adults with Type 1 diabetes mellitus. A prospective case-control study.

AIMS: Overweight is common during late puberty in female patients with Type 1 diabetes. The aim of this study was to examine the change in body composition from late puberty to early adulthood in such female patients in comparison with age-matched control subjects. METHODS: Eighteen females with Type 1 diabetes and 19 healthy female control subjects were recruited for a case-control study at the age of 16-19 years (baseline). Six years later, 16 of the diabetic females and 17 of the control subjects were re-examined (follow-up). Body composition was assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS: Body mass index (BMI) and fat mass index (total fat mass/height2) were significantly higher at baseline in the diabetic patients than in the control subjects (26.4 +/- 2.6 vs. 23.9 +/- 3.7 kg/m2, P < 0.05, and 10.0 +/- 2.4 vs. 8.0 +/- 2.8 kg/m2, P = 0.04, respectively). At follow-up, these parameters still tended to be higher in the diabetic group (27.8 +/- 4.9 vs. 24.6 +/- 5.7 kg/m2, P = 0.09, and 11.8 +/- 5.6 vs. 8.7 +/- 4.9 kg/m2, P = 0.05, respectively). BMI at baseline was strongly correlated to BMI at follow-up in both diabetic patients (r = 0.60; P < 0.05) and control subjects (r = 0.83; P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Increased fat mass in pubertal girls with Type 1 diabetes seems to persist in young adulthood. This study emphasizes the need for new strategies to prevent the development of overweight during puberty in diabetic girls.     

腹腔镜治疗小儿疝及鞘膜积液180例报告

目的：探讨腹腔镜治疗小儿腹股沟斜疝及交通性鞘膜积液的新方法。方法：行腹腔镜手术治疗小儿腹股沟斜驰及交通性鞘膜积液180例，其中小儿腹股沟斜疝150例，右侧80例，左侧40例，双侧30例；单侧斜疝中20例有对侧隐性疝；交通性鞘膜积液30例，右侧20例，左侧10例。均在腹腔镜下行内环口荷包缝合高位结扎术＋积液抽出术。结果：手术时间单侧疝平均5-10min，双侧疝10～20min。术后平均1．5d出院，皮肤切口无需缝线。无并发症发生。随访6～24个月，平均12个月，未见复发。结论：腹腔镜下内环口高位结扎术＋积液抽出术具有安全有效、创伤小、无瘢痕、康复快、住院时间短、操作简便、无需特殊器械等优点，无阴囊感染、睾丸扭转及缺血坏死、切口感染、髂腹沟及髂腹下神经损伤、腹股沟区疼痛麻木等并发症发生，疗效满意。     

腹腔镜治疗妇科急症593例临床分析

目的:探讨腹腔镜治疗妇科急症的可行性、安全性及治疗效果。方法:回顾分析2003年7月至2007年10月我院用腹腔镜治疗593例妇科急症患者的临床资料。结果:593例患者均用腹腔镜完成手术,其中异位妊娠512例,手术时间18～75min,平均32min,术中出血10～70ml,平均25ml;盆腔炎、盆腔脓肿47例,手术时间35～90min,平均49min,术中出血45～130ml,平均84ml;黄体破裂、卵巢内膜囊肿破裂、卵巢囊肿蒂扭转34例,手术时间35～80min,平均52min,术中出血20～85ml,平均65ml;术后住院3～7d,平均4.5d,随访12～36个月无复发。结论:腹腔镜手术治疗妇科急症安全可行,且具有良好的效果。     

基层医院腹腔镜胆囊切除术1 696例的治疗体会

目的:探讨腹腔镜在基层医院普及开展的可行性和主要并发症的预防.方法:回顾分析1999年6月至2006年5月我院1 696例腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)的临床资料.结果:1 696例LC成功 1 635例,中转开腹61例,中转率3.6%,发生并发症17例,其中胆管损伤1例,腹腔内出血2例,胆漏2例,腹腔感染1例,胆管残石3例,遗漏腹腔内病变6例,上消化道出血2例.结论:LC在基层医院的开展日益成熟,成为治疗胆囊良性疾患的"金标准".术前注意鉴别诊断,术中操作轻柔,辨明胆囊三角结构,能避免严重并发症的发生.     

Crisis-related observations in competition: a case study in basketball

This study presents a unique observational approach to basketball, based on the theory of psychological performance crisis in competition. The approach used takes into account the responses of a player's actions to significant social factors such as team-mates, spectators, the coach and the referees. The contribution of this approach beyond traditional observational techniques is discussed. In our investigation, a single case design was used, in which a professional basketball player was observed during 10 home and 3 away games of the regular season. The relations between the observations and the crisis concept are discussed in detail. In addition, some relevant methodological and applied aspects are presented.     

二维彩色多普勒超声心动图诊断扩张型心肌病（附100例分析）

应用ＡＴＬ－ｕｌｔｒａｍａｒｋ超６型彩色多普勒超声诊断仪诊断扩张型心肌病１００例，并与性别、年龄相应的正常人对比分析。结果：除扩张型心肌病各组室间隔及左室后壁舒张期厚度与相应正常对照组相比无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）外，其左室舒张内径及收缩内径、左房内径明显大于正常对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１），左室射血分数及左室内径缩短分数较正常对照组明显降低（Ｐ＜０．０１），并见心腔内血流速度缓慢，颜色变淡。另在７７例病人中探及４０例瓣膜返流。提示该诊断方法对扩张型心肌病具有直观、简便、准确、迅速的优点，为本病的诊断及鉴别诊断提供了良好的手段。