折叠式人工玻璃体球囊植入在玻璃体视网膜疾病治疗中的应用

目的　探讨折叠式人工玻璃体球囊(foldable capsular vitreous body，FCVB)治疗玻璃体视网膜疾病的临床效果。方法　回顾性分析2017年9月至2019年1月行玻璃体切割联合FCBV植入术的43例（43眼）患者的临床资料。术后随访6个月，观察术后视力、眼压、视网膜复位情况和FCBV状态。结果　术后6个月，43例视力无明显变化，手术前后差异无统计学意义（P=1.000）。术后6个月，4例眼压降低，39例眼压正常，手术前后差异有统计学意义（P=0.002）。眼底照相、B超、OCT检查结果显示:所有患者视网膜复位良好，FCVB在玻璃体内均匀地支撑视网膜。双眼外观对称，眼球活动正常。随访期末1例眼球轻微萎缩、1例出现角膜血管化，经治疗后情况好转。结论　在患者6个月的植入期内，FCVB是安全、有效的玻璃体替代物，可以维持眼球形态和稳定眼压。     

Long-term incidence and risk factors of cardiovascular events in Asian populations: systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based cohort studies

Background: Scientific studies on cardiovascular disease (CVD) burden and risk factors are predominantly based on short-term risk in Westerner populations, and such information may not be applicable to Asian populations, especially over the longer term. This review aims to estimate the long-term (>10 years) CVD burden, including coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke, as well as associated risk factors in Asian populations.

Methods: PubMed, Embase and Web of Science were systematically searched, and hits screened on: Asian adults, free of CVD at baseline; cohort study design (follow-up >10 years). Primary outcomes were fatal and non-fatal CVD events. Pooled estimates and between-study heterogeneity were calculated using random effects models, Q and I² statistics.

Results: Overall, 32 studies were eligible for inclusion (follow-up: 11–29 years). The average long-term rate of fatal CVD is 3.68 per 1000 person-years (95% CI 2.84–4.53), the long-term cumulative risk 6.35% (95% CI 4.69%–8.01%, mean 20.13 years) and the cumulative fatal stroke/CHD risk ratio 1.5:1. Important risk factors for long-term fatal CVD (RR, 95% CI) were male gender (1.49, 1.36–1.64), age over 60/65 years (7.55, 5.59–10.19) and current smoking (1.68, 1.26–2.24). High non-HDL-c, and β- and γ-tocopherol serum were associated only with CHD (HR 2.46 [95% CI 1.29–4.71] and 2.47 [1.10–5.61] respectively), while stage 1 and 2 hypertensions were associated only with fatal stroke (2.02 [1.19–3.44] and 2.89 [1.68–4.96] respectively).

Conclusions: Over a 10 year?+?follow-up period Asian subjects had a higher risk of stroke than CHD. Contrary to CVD prevention in Western countries, strategies should also consider stroke instead of CHD only.     

13例新生儿红斑狼疮的临床特征、皮损后遗表现

【摘要】 目的 探讨新生儿红斑狼疮（NLE）的皮损后遗表现，分析可能的相关因素。方法 回顾2016—2020年首都儿科研究所附属儿童医院皮肤科收集并长期随访的13例NLE，分析患儿及母亲临床特征、患儿皮损后遗表现。结果 13例皮损发病时间为出生后0 ~ 120 d，平均15 d，随访时间15 ~ 43个月，皮损形态主要为环状红斑、斑丘疹、鳞屑，皮损消退时间2 ~ 18个月（平均7.4个月）。6例皮损消退后出现色素异常表现，3例同时出现色素减退和色素沉着，2例仅有色素减退，1例仅有色素沉着，1例色素减退患儿在随访18个月后色素减退复色，未见毛细血管扩张以及萎缩或瘢痕。8例患儿母亲孕前无异常，4例患儿母亲抗ANA、抗SSA/Ro、抗SSB/La抗体均阳性。结论 NLE的皮肤受累可出现后遗皮肤表现，常见为色素异常，多数长期未消退，应注意患儿母亲可能存在的潜在性免疫系统异常。     

中医辨证治疗宫颈HPV感染研究进展

宫颈人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染在临床较为常见,特别是高危型HPV持续感染是引起宫颈癌的主要原因,由此引起人们的重视。宫颈HPV感染在中医学归属"带下病"范畴,湿邪、热邪与毒邪为其主要致病因素,笔者对近5年中医辨证治疗宫颈HPV感染的文献做一归纳,针对不同临床表现总结出四大治法即扶正祛邪法、清热除湿法、清热解毒法和健脾除湿法及对应治疗的方药,以供各位医者借鉴及开拓思路。     

Vaccines.gov – Your Best Shot at Health

The National Vaccine Program Office (NVPO) manages <www.vaccines.gov> and is part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Vaccines.gov offers reliable information from the federal government on vaccines, immunizations, and vaccine-preventable diseases. The web site works with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and many other government agencies to ensure all information on the web site is accurate and relevant. The web site encourages readers to share the information on the site with friends, family, and patients to promote health literacy on vaccines.     

Myocardial infarction classification and its implications on measures of cardiovascular outcomes,quality, and racial/ethnic disparities

Heart disease continues to be the leading cause of death in the United States, with approximately 805 000 cumulative deaths from myocardial infarctions (MI) from 2005 to 2014. Gender and racial/ethnic disparities in MI diagnoses are becoming more evident in quality review audits. Although recent changes in diagnostic codes provided an improved framework, clinically distinguishing types of MI remains a challenge. MI misdiagnoses and health disparities contribute to adverse outcomes in cardiac medicine. We conducted a literature review of relevant biomedical sources related to the classification of MI and disparities in cardiovascular care and outcomes. From the studies analyzed, African Americans and women have higher rates of mortality from MI, are more probably to be younger and present with other comorbidities and are less probably to receive novel therapies with respect to type of MI. As high-sensitivity troponin assays are adopted in the United States, implementation should account for how race and sex differences have been demonstrated in the reference range and diagnostic threshold of the newer assays. More research is needed to assess how the complexity of health disparities contributes to adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Creating dedicated medical quality teams (physicians, nurses, clinical documentation improvement specialists, and medical coders) and incorporating a plan-do-check-adjust quality improvement model are strategies that could potentially help better define and diagnose MI, reduce financial burdens due to MI misdiagnoses, reduce cardiovascular-related health disparities, and ultimately improve and save lives.     

CaSR986基因多态性与能谱CT泌尿系结石成分分析及临床特征的相关性

目的:探讨钙敏感受体(Calcium sensing receptor,CaSR)986基因位点多态性与能谱CT泌尿系结石成分及临床特征的相关性。方法:选取2016年1月-2017年7月我院收治的98例泌尿系结石患者作为研究对象,作为实验组;收集同期于我院进行体检的50例健康者作为对照组。采用聚合酶链反应(PCR)联合DNA测序检测分析两组CaSR986位点基因型及等位基因构成差异,同时采用宝石能谱CT扫描,术前对实验组结石成分进行分析(以术后红外光谱分析法作为标准,排除结果差异者);随访1年,记录实验组结石复发情况及其成分。分析CaSR986各基因型分布与结石成分及临床特征之间的相关性,并采用Logistic回归法分析影响结石复发的独立危险因素。结果:实验组和对照组CaSR986基因分布符合Hardy-Weinberg定律,其基因型及等位基因构成比无显著差异(P>0.05);经能谱CT和红外光谱分析仪确认实验组含钙结石75例,非含钙结石23例;经Pearson相关性分析得知,含钙结石与Ca SR986 AA型呈现明显正相关(r=0.734,P<0.05);而含钙结石与CaSR986其它基因型、非含钙结石与CaSR986任何基因型均无明显相关性(P>0.05);CaSR986基因型分布在结石部位、结石复发及复发结石成分上差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),但在结石直径及肾积水方面差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);经多因素校正后Logistic回归分析发现结石成分是影响泌尿结石复发的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论:宝石能谱CT可在术前分辨含钙结石,对泌尿结石复发预测具有一定价值,与CaSR986 AA基因型密切相关。     

Larger muscle mass of the upper limb correlates with lower amplitudes of deltoid MEPs following transcranial stimulation

To perform spinal surgery safely, it is important to understand the risk factors, including factors that negatively influence intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM). Transcranial motor evoked potentials (TcMEPs) are important in IONM. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether muscle mass affects the waveforms of TcMEPs to understand the risk factors influencing TcMEPs. We enrolled 48 patients with thoracolumbar spinal diseases who underwent surgery at our facility between April 2015 and March 2018. Before surgery, the body composition, including muscle mass and fat mass, of all patients was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). During surgery, cranial stimulation under general anesthesia was used to derive TcMEPs, enabling us to measure the amplitude, using the control wave of the TcMEPs of the deltoid muscles and the abductor digiti minimi (ADM) muscles. We found a negative correlation between the amplitude of deltoid-muscle TcMEPs and muscle mass of the upper limb. The amplitude of deltoid-muscle TcMEPs did not correlate with the skeletal muscle index (SMI), muscle mass of the lower limb, or body fat mass. The amplitude of ADM-muscle TcMEPs did not correlate with SMI, muscle mass of any limb, or body fat mass. In conclusion, a larger muscle mass of the upper limb correlated with a lower amplitude of deltoid-muscle TcMEPs. By contrast, there was no correlation between the muscle mass of the upper limb and the amplitude of ADM-muscle TcMEPs. These findings suggest that TcMEPs of the ADM are less influenced by muscle mass and are more stable than those of the deltoid.