应用苯妥英钠后急性低压缺氧条件下大鼠脑单胺递质的变化

目的探讨苯妥英钠（Ｄｉｐｈｅｎｙｌｈｙｄａｎｔｏｉｎ，ＤＰＨ）在急性缺氧条件下的脑保护作用。方法给大鼠应用ＤＰＨ，用荧光分光法检测其在低压舱模拟升空７．５ｋｍ后１ｈ、２ｈ的脑匀浆单胺递质含量，同时观察脑细胞形态学改变。结果ＤＰＨ实验组在缺氧１ｈ及２ｈ时脑多巴胺和５－羟色胺含量升高（Ｐ＜０．０５），而脑去甲肾上腺素在缺氧１ｈ时降低（Ｐ＜０．０５），缺氧２ｈ恢复正常。电镜形态学观察，低压缺氧条件下对照组大鼠脑细胞水肿，线粒体嵴严重缺失，细胞核明显变形；应用ＤＰＨ的实验组细胞形态基本正常。结论给大鼠应用苯妥英钠后，在急性缺氧条件下，动物脑单胺递质含量的变化可能与缺氧适应或耐受的形成有关。     

补阳还五汤对钳伤大鼠坐骨神经轴浆运输的影响

采用辣根过氧化物酶（ＨＲＰ）逆行标记法显示大鼠坐骨神经钳伤后４周时，其Ｌ４－５脊髓及脊神经节中ＨＲＰ标记神经元胞体数量的变化。结果表明：补阳还五汤可加速实验大鼠坐骨神经的轴浆运输。在引入ＨＲＰ４８小时，补阳还五汤组标记的胞体数明显多于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５），其余几组标记的胞体数相近（Ｐ＞０．０５）。提示：本方可加速钳伤神经的轴浆运输，这与其改善损伤局部微循环有关，也可能是临床和实验中，本方促进周围神经再生的作用机理之一。     

Idiopathic paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia with a QRS pattern of right bundle branch block and left axis deviation: A unique clinical entity with specific properties

Eiectrophysiologic evaluation before and after the serial administration of verapamil, lidocaine, propranolol, and procainamide was undertaken in 4 young, asymptomatic patients with recurrent, sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT). No patient had obvious organic heart disease. The electrocardiogram during sinus rhythm showed S-T depression and T-wave inversion over the inferior and lateral precordial leads in 3 patients. QRS morphologic characteristics during episodes of VT showed a pattern of right bundle branch block and left axis deviation. In all 4 patients, VT could be both induced and terminated with electrical stimulation. Verapamil terminated VT and prevented the induction of sustained VT in 3 patients, and markedly slowed the rate of VT in 1 patient. Procainamide effectively prevented the induction of sustained VT in 2 patients, and although ineffective in preventing induction in 2 patients, it slowed the rate of tachycardia in both. Lidocaine and propranolol did not prevent the induction of VT in any patient. These findings suggest that slow-response tissues may be involved in the genesis of VT in these patients, and that VT in these patients may represent a unique clinical entity with distinct electrocardiographic, electrophysiologic, and electropharmacologic properties.     

复方无名异冲剂对老年大白鼠股骨抗弯力影响的实验研究

采用１２月龄老年大白鼠３２只，随机分为四组，每组８只，用药组喂服无名异冲剂拌混饲料，对照组喂服一般饲料，１８月龄时处死，检测股骨中段弯曲破坏载荷及股骨皮质厚度。结果显示：雄性、雌性大白鼠用药组弯曲破坏载荷，平均骨皮质厚度明显高于对照组（＜０．０５～０．０１）；用药组、对照组雄性大白鼠弯曲破坏载荷明显高于雌性大白鼠（Ｐ＜０．０１）．表明：无名异冲剂具有预防和延缓骨质疏松的发生和发展作用；相同月龄中，雌性大白鼠骨质丧失相对地较雄性大白鼠明显。     

冬虫夏草与其伪品地蚕的鉴别

本文报道了作者对中药冬虫夏草一种伪品的基源进行了鉴定，它是唇形科植物地蚕ＳｔａｃｈｙｓｇｅｏｂｏｍｂｙｃｉｓＣ．Ｙ．Ｗｕ．的干燥块茎，并对冬虫夏草Ｃｏｒｄｙｃｅｐｓｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ（Ｂｅｒｋ．）Ｓａｃｃ．与其伪品地蚕的原植物形态，药材性状，显微和理化鉴别特征进行了比较研究，找出了它们之间的鉴别要点。     

A survey of tumours of the jawbones in Hong Kong Chinese: 1963-1982

A total of 114 tumours of the jawbones was confirmed in a survey of 204,583 surgical specimens in Chinese in the University Department of Pathology, Hong Kong from 1963-1982. Odontogenic tumours totalled 82 of which 62 per cent were ameloblastomas. Thus, odontogenic tumours, in particular ameloblastomas, are relatively common in Chinese. In the 51 cases of ameloblastoma, the mean age at presentation in females was significantly younger than in males. Pathological analysis of the ameloblastomas showed the following: (1) connection of tumour epithelium with oral mucosal epithelium suggests a better prognosis; (2) basaloid pattern in the tumour may prognostically indicate a more aggressive biological behaviour; (3) neoplastic infiltration of the grossly normal bone surrounding the tumour mass was frequent; (4) ameloblastomas not uncommonly contained cysts lined by innocuous-looking epithelium; (5) a significant proportion of ameloblastomas appeared grossly as thin-walled unilocular cysts. The implications of these findings in the diagnosis and treatment of ameloblastoma are emphasized.     

Periosteal (juxtacortical) chondrosarcoma: Report of a case occurring in the hand

A rare case of periosteal (juxtacortical) chondrosarcoma of the hand is described. Inadequate excision was followed by recurrence which necessitated a transmetacarpal amputation to eradicate the malignant disease.     

湖北金粟兰中倍半萜二聚体化合物（+）-chlorahupetenes B对脂多糖诱导的RAW264.7细胞的抗炎作用

目的 评价湖北金粟兰中倍半萜二聚体化合物（+）-chlorahupetenes B[（+）-CHB]对脂多糖（LPS）诱导的小鼠巨噬细胞（RAW264.7）炎症反应的影响及作用机制。方法 RAW264.7细胞分为对照组（给予等体积DMSO）、模型组（给予等体积DMSO）、地塞米松磷酸钠注射液（Dex,阳性对照,1 μmol·L^-1）组和（+）-CHB低、中、高浓度（5、10、20 μmol·L^-1）组。各组分别加入相应药物孵育细胞1 h,除对照组外,其余组加入LPS （1 μg·mL^-1）诱导24 h造成炎症应答模型。细胞增殖检测法用于评估细胞活力;Griess反应检测一氧化氮（NO）浓度;酶联免疫分析检测炎症细胞因子肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素（IL）-1β、IL-6的生成;实时荧光定量PCR （qRT-PCR）检测IL-1β、NOD样受体热蛋白结构域相关蛋白3（NLRP3）、环氧合酶-2（COX-2）、诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）、IL-6和TNF-α mRNA表达;Western blotting检测Toll样受体4（TLR4）、髓样分化因子88（MyD88）、核因子κB （NF-κB） p65、p-NF-κB p65、NLRP3、嘌呤能受体（P2X7）蛋白表达水平。结果 与模型组比较,（+）-CHB减少了梭形细胞数量,使大部分细胞恢复正常形态;显著抑制NO、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β生成（P<0.01）,显著降低COX-2、iNOS、IL-6、TNF-α、NLRP3、IL-1β mRNA水平（P<0.05、0.01）;显著降低TLR4、MyD88、NF-κB p65、p-NF-κBp65、NLRP3、P2X7蛋白表达水平（P<0.05、0.01）。结论 （+）-CHB通过抑制TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB信号通路和P2X7/NLRP3/IL-1β炎症小体轴激活缓解LPS诱导的巨噬细胞炎症反应。