植入物乳房重建一步法和二步法临床对比研究

目的:探讨即刻乳房假体重建（一步法）和应用扩张器的假体重建（二步法）两种不同手术方式在术后并发症、美容效果和成本效益的差异。方法:回顾性分析我院乳腺外科2015年5月至2018年5月收治的285例乳腺癌植入物重建患者，依据手术方式不同分为一步法组（145例）和二步法组（140例），比较两组患者临床资料的差异。结果:一步法组术后出血发生率（6.8%）高于二步法组（1.4%），差异有统计学意义（P=0.021）。一步法组术后伤口皮瓣坏死率（6.2%）高于二步法组（1.4%），差异有统计学意义（P=0.036）。二步法组乳房满意度评分（81.5±7.1）分高于1步法组（78.6±6.2）分，差异有统计学意义（P=0.035）。二步法组住院总花费（80 334.8±6 149.8）元高于一步法组（60 966.5±5 544.9）元，差异有统计学意义（P=0.049）。二步法组住院天数（34.3±3.2）天多于一步法组（17.5±3.9）天，差异有统计学意义（P=0.014）。结论:在植入物乳房重建两种手术方式中，二步法相较于一步法，其并发症少，美容效果好，但在成本效益上并不优于一步法。     

Elevación del lactato en el postoperatorio como marcador de isquemia mesentérica aguda. Descripción de dos casos

Serum lactate is a non-specific marker of tissue hypoperfusion. Elevated serum lactate is used in the differential diagnosis of acute intestinal ischemia. Although this practice is controversial, in the absence of other validated markers lactate is still used because of its high sensitivity.We present the cases of two patients who developed acute mesenteric ischemia as a post-surgical complication. The patients reported moderate abdominal pain —a non-specific symptom in the postoperative context— and tests showed progressively increasing serum lactate levels, which facilitated suspicion and subsequent diagnostic confirmation through an imaging test.These cases highlight the physiopathological importance of lactate elevation in the perioperative context and of performing a differential diagnosis of its possible causes, including mesenteric ischemia. Although the outcome was negative in the first case, early suspicion allowed us to make an effective diagnosis and administer appropriate treatment in the second patient.     

Robotic-assisted pancreaticoduodenectomy with vascular resection. Description of the surgical technique and analysis of early outcomes

BackgroundDespite the potential benefits, the adoption of the minimally invasive surgery for the treatment of borderline resectable pancreatic cancer is still in the initial phase. We investigated the safety and feasibility of the robotic pancreaticoduodenectomy with venous resection/reconstruction (RPD SMV/PV).MethodsSince March 2013 to October 2019, a total of 73 RPD and 10 RPD SMV/PV were performed. The two groups were case-matched according to the preoperative characteristics.ResultsMean operative times and estimated blood loss were less in the RPD group in comparison to that in the RPD with SMV-PV group (525 vs 642 min, p = 0.003 and 290 vs 620 ml, p = 0.002, respectively). The mean length of hospital stay was similar in the RPD group in comparison to that in the RPD with SMV-PV group (10 days vs 13 days, p = 0.313). The two groups had similar overall postoperative morbidity rate (57.5% vs 60%, p = 0.686), although the severe complication rate was lower in the RPD group (11% vs 40%, p = 0.004).ConclusionsRPD with SMV-PV is associated with increased operative time, estimated blood loss, higher major complication rate compared with RPD.     

Complications of hand surgery

Hand surgery involves the surgical treatment of hand conditions and encompasses small bone fixation, arthroscopy, joint replacement and reconstruction of tendon and nerves. Complications following surgery to the hand may be due to patient factors, surgical decisions and the complex anatomy of the hand. Here we describe the complications associated with common surgical interventions for both elective and traumatic injuries to the hand. Following hand surgery, a balance between immobilisation and early range of motion is offset by the risk of wound complications, non-union of fractures and tendon re-rupture with stiffness and reduced range of motion of the digits. Superficial infection is relatively common following procedures to the hand, however long-term sequelae are rare. Implant failure, subsidence, instability and reduced range of motion are seen following arthroplasty procedures. Complex regional pain syndrome offers a significant challenge following injury to the hand and specifically after surgical procedures. Surgeons should consider the risk of particular surgical techniques, other perioperative factors and patient factors that may contribute to the development of complications following hand surgery. Patients should be adequately counselled in order to make an informed decision regarding the management of their condition.     

Complications in Intermediate Uveitis: Prevalence,Time of Onset,and Effects on Vision in Short-Term and Long-Term Follow-Up

Purpose: To study the prevalence and time of onset of ocular complications in intermediate uveitis (IU) and to assess their effects on visual outcome in short-term and long-term follow-up.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study of patients with IU who had a minimal follow-up of one year.

Results: 96 patients (174 eyes, 70% females) were included with a mean age at presentation of 30 years. Children constituted 38% of all patients. Mean follow- up was 64.9 months. Pars planitis was the most common form followed by sarcoidosis and multiple sclerosis. Cystoid macular edema (CME), cataract, epiretinal membrane and posterior synechiae were the most prevalent complications. Posterior synechiae, band keratopathy, cataract and papillitis at presentation were associated with worse presenting visual acuity (VA). Of the late-onset complications, glaucoma/ocular hypertension (OHT) was the most significantly associated with worse long-term VA. Most sight-threatening complications (namely CME and glaucoma) were diagnosed at presentation while late complications predominantly affected the posterior segment and included among others peripheral retinal elevations, vasoproliferative tumors, and vitreous hemorrhage. Median LogMAR VA improved at short-term and long-term follow-up, from 0.2 to 0.1 (p<0.001). Subgroup analysis revealed significant VA improvement for eyes with all the different complications except for eyes with glaucoma/OHT.

Conclusion: IU is a chronic low-grade uveitis that may be associated with protean early and late complications of the anterior or posterior segments or both. Optimal treatment regimens are imperative for the strict control of inflammation and proper management of complications thus allowing a favorable long-term prognosis.     

脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2、胰岛素样生长因子-1与老年VD患者认知功能的关系及预测价值研究

目的 探讨脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2（Lp-PLA2）、胰岛素样生长因子-1（IGF-1）与老年血管性痴呆（VD）患者认知功能的关系及预测价值。方法 选择2019 年3～6 月在我院接受治疗的VD 患者60 例为研究对象，同时选取同期在我院接受检查的健康者60 例为对照组，比较两组患者的Lp-PLA2、IGF-1、简易智力状态检查量表评分（MMSE）水平；采用Pearson 相关性分析法对Lp-PLA2、IGF-1 与MMSE 评分的相关性进行分析；采用受试者工作曲线（ROC）下面积（AUC）比较Lp-PLA2、IGF-1 对VD 的预测价值。结果 观察组患者的Lp-PLA2 水平明显高于对照组（P＜0.05），观察组患者的IGF-1、MMSE 评分明显低于对照组（P＜0.05）；Lp-PLA2 与MMSE 评分呈负相关性，IGF-1 与MMSE 评分呈正相关性；Lp-PLA2 与IGF-1 诊断VD 的AUC 值分别为0.940、0.954。结论Lp-PLA2 水平越低，IGF-1 水平越高，患者的认知功能越好，且Lp-PLA2、IGF-1 对老年VD 患者均具有较高的预测价值。