盐酸戊乙奎醚用于全麻术前减少腺体分泌的研究

目的评价盐酸戊乙奎醚作为全麻术前用药减少腺体分泌的有效性与安全性。方法本研究采用多中心随机双盲平行对照观察。298例全麻病人随机分为三组,术前分别肌肉注射阿托品、盐酸戊乙奎醚或注射用水,测定注射后30min唾液分泌量。用视觉模拟评分(VAS)方法测定口干程度,记录不良反应。结果给药后30min,阿托品、盐酸戊乙奎醚和注射用水组唾液分泌量分别较给药前变化(-17·64±19·53)、(-22·30±21·04)和(2·71±19·46)mg。VAS阿托品、盐酸戊乙奎醚组用药后明显增加。给药后30min,阿托品、盐酸戊乙奎醚和注射用水组HR分别较给药前变化(1·65±8·82)、(-4·30±7·01)和(-0·54±6·49)次/分。观察期间无严重不良反应。结论盐酸戊乙奎醚作为全麻术前用药,可明显减少唾液分泌,无HR增快,无明显不良反应。     

一阶导数高速脉冲极谱法用于盐酸普鲁卡因的定量分析

研究了一阶导数高速脉冲极谱法,并运用于盐酸普鲁卡因及其注射制剂的定量分析。在-0.04 V(对 Ag/AgCl)处出现的良好导数峰,于1.0～6.0×10~(-4)mol/L 范围内,导数峰电流与浓度呈线性关系。检测限为3.0×10~(-8)mol/L。操作简便、快速、灵敏,结果准确。     

Potent relaxant effect of a Celastrus paniculatus extract in the rat and human ileum

Ethnopharmacological importance

Celastrus paniculatus Willd. (Celastraceae) is an Ayurvedic remedy used for the treatment of a number of diseases, including bowel spasms.

Aim of the study

To investigate the mode of the relaxing action of a methanolic extract prepared from the seeds of Celastrus paniculatus (CPE, 0.0001–10 μg/mL) in the rat ileum and to try to confirm on human tissues the intestinal pharmacological activity of the extract.

Materials and methods

The relaxant effect of CPE was studied in vitro by evaluating its effect on the spontaneous contractions of the isolated ileum.

Results

CPE exerted a tetrodotoxin- and ω-conotoxin-resistant inhibitory effect on rat ileum motility (IC₅₀: 0.24 ± 0.02 μg/mL; E_max: 99.0 ± 0.60%). The inhibitory effect was reduced by nifedipine but not by cyclopiazonic acid. Experiments with specific antagonists enabled us to exclude the involvement of the main endogenous spasmogenic (i.e. acetylcholine and tachykinins) and relaxing (noradrenaline, nitric oxide, ATP) compounds. CPE also relaxed the isolated human ileum (IC₅₀: 0.26 ± 0.02 μg/mL; E_max: 99.1 ± 0.46%).

Conclusion

It is concluded that (i) CPE exerted a powerful myogenic and L-type Ca²⁺-dependent relaxing effect in the isolated rat ileum and that (ii) the human ileum is sensitive to the inhibitory effect of CPE. If confirmed in vivo, our data could explain the traditional use of this herb in the treatment of intestinal spasms.     

左旋盐酸苯环壬酯鼻腔喷雾剂的局部安全性评价

 目的对制备的左旋盐酸苯环壬酯鼻腔喷雾剂进行局部安全性评价。方法以蟾蜍上颚黏膜纤毛为模型考察纤毛毒性,以大鼠鼻黏膜形态学检查评价局部刺激性。结果左旋盐酸苯环壬酯鼻喷剂纤毛毒性及对局部刺激性均较小。结论左旋盐酸苯环壬酯鼻喷剂局部用药较安全,具有良好的应用前景。     

长托宁用于全麻术前用药的效果观察

目的:观察长托宁作为全麻病人麻醉前用药对心血管系统和呼吸道分泌物的影响.方法:随机选择20例需全麻手术病人,在麻醉诱导前静注长托宁0.015 mg/kg,观察注药前、后5、10、20分钟各时点的血压、心率、脉搏氧饱和度及口干程度以及术中术毕口腔和呼吸道分泌物情况.结果:病人使用长托宁后5、10、20分钟的血压、心率与使用前相比有下降趋势,但无统计学意义(P＞0.05),脉搏氧饱和度未见明显改变,用药10分钟病人有轻度口干,术毕拔除气管导管时口腔及呼吸道分泌物较少.结论:长托宁用于全麻病人麻醉前给药效果满意.     

HPLC法测定盐酸美沙酮含量

本文采用高效液相色谱法，以盐酸布比卡因为内标，检测波长220nm，在Symmetry-C18柱上，以己腈-磷酸二氢钾（pH2．5）（3862，V／V）为流动相，测定盐酸美沙酮及其口服液的含量。方法平均回收率为100．17％，日内及日间的RSD均＜1％。方法简便、快速、准确。     

差示分光光度法测定伤风止咳露中盐酸异丙嗪的含量

采用差示分光光度法测定伤风止咳露中盐酸异丙嗪的含量。以Ｈ２Ｏ２冰醋酸为氧化剂将盐酸异丙嗪氧化，测定氧化前后的吸收度差值。其△Ａ值与盐酸异丙嗪在一定浓度范围内呈线性关系。该法操作简便、快速、结果准确。     

Zero-Order Release Formulation of Oxprenolol Hydrochloride with Swelling and Erosion Control

Zero-order release of oxprenolol hydrochloride was obtained by controlling the swelling and erosion of the matrix. This formulation involves only mixing of drug, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC), and sodium carboxymethylcellulose (Na CMC) at the ratio of 1:0.4:1.6, respectively, and compressing the mixture directly into tablets. The in vitro release pattern from this optimized matrix tablet was reproducible. Accelerated stability studies revealed that the optimized formulation remains stable for an approximately 2-year shelf life. This sustained-release (SR) tablet was evaluated in dogs, and for comparison a conventional (CV) formulation was also given at the same dose level. Plasma oxprenolol levels were monitored by a sensitive and specific high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method. Significant differences in the pharmacokinetic parameters, i.e., lower C _max, higher values of t _max, MRT, AUC, and plasma concentration at 24 hr, and nearly constant plasma levels over 12 hr, indicated that the SR matrix tablet is superior to the CV rapid-releasing formulation. The in vitro release parameters and in vivo pharmacokinetics correlated well.     

The nature of breast dense core granules: uranaffin reactivity

In this study breast tissue that contained ultrastructural dense core granules has been examined from 24 patients. The possible neuroendocrine characteristics of the granules were studied using the uranaffin reaction and an ultrastructural argyrophil stain. The tissue included 15 breast carcinomas and nine benign samples. Two types of breast dense core granules can be distinguished on the basis of intracellular distribution patterns and histochemical reactivity. Type I dense core granules are the most common and they were found subluminally distributed in non-pathological tissues and benign lesions as well as carcinomas. They were uranaffin-negative and are unlikely to be of endocrine nature. Type II dense core granules were found only in four carcinomas, where they occurred abundantly throughout the cytoplasm. These granules were uranaffin-positive and argyrophilic and thus exhibited characteristics consistent with neuroendocrine structure.