The role of the endoscopic extraperitoneal approach in large inguinal scrotal hernias

The role of endoscopic extraperitoneal herniorrhaphy (EEPH) in the management of giant scrotal hernias has not been well defined, and the technical details relating to operations on such hernias have not been described. We present our experience with 17 patients undergoing repair of giant scrotal hernias. Foley catheter bladder decompression was routinely employed. The Retzius space was developed early in the procedure and hernia sac contents were reduced in all cases. The inferior epigastric vessels were likewise divided in all patients. The average operative time was 76 min and all patients were discharged home the same day. There have been no recurrences on follow-up. There was no mortality, and morbidity was limited to seroma formation in two patients. We conclude that with certain technical modifications, EEPH can be safely employed for the treatment of giant scrotal hernias. Received: 7 May 1996/Accepted: 12 July 1996     

Compartment syndrome. Exclusively the result of increased pressure in the muscular compartment?

Summary The compartment syndrome (cs) is characterized by an increased tissue pressure in a limited space. Pathophysiologically, it is a multifactorial disease that is potentially induced by an initial trauma and develops according to the existence of cofactors. Cofactors are, for instance, the circulation of the patient and the initial treatment of the impending cs. In particular, the microcirculation is altered with endothelial destruction, development of a capillary leak, protein loss from intravasal space and the development of an interstitial and intracellular third space. An impaired drainage of the lymphatic and venous system causes a venous infarction. An arterial infarction results if the tissue pressure exceeds the arteriolar pressure. An accompanying ischemia reperfusion mechanism increases the trauma load. In disadvantageous cases, the patients are in danger of developing a multi-organ deficiency syndrome (MODS) by an uncontrolled inflammatory reaction, by intravasal volume loss and by a myonephropathic systemic reaction. Clinically, the patients suffer a disproportionate amount of pain, followed by neurological signs. Especially in noncompliant patients, tissue pressure measurement is useful. Resuscitation of the circulation as well as splitting of casts is important. In case of a manifest cs, dermatofasciotomy has to be performed as an emergency operation. Even if cs is diagnosed early and fasciotomy is carried out early, the development of sequellae cannot be avoided in every single case.      

纤维支气管镜在急危重病人气道管理中的应用

目的 探讨纤支镜在急危重病人气道管理中的作用。方法 回顾性总结支气管镜对34例重症病人进行气道管理中的清理作用及治疗咯血，肺炎及肺不张等临床经验。结果 10例肺部感染患者，经纤维支气管镜治疗后感染均得到不同程度的控制，其中6例痊愈出院；7例肺不张者，4例行纤支镜1次肺复张，1例行纤支镜2次后复张，余2例配合其它治疗措施后复张；大咯血9例患者，经纤支镜局部应用肾上腺素及凝血酶，6例咯血立即停止，3例明显减轻；机械通气患者4例，2例痰栓致肺不张，其中1例左肺不张纤支镜吸引冲洗后复张2例诊断气管插管球囊滑脱／破裂，指导换管成功。困难气管插管患者均因常规方法失败后经纤支镜引导插管成功。结论 支气管镜是对急危重症病人进行气道管理的极有价值的工具，即可用于协助气管插管，又可胜任气道的清理作用及诊治大咯血，难治性肺部感染及急性肺不张等。     

穿刺置管引流术在口腔颌面部间隙感染中的应用

目的探索硬膜外导管置入脓腔引流对口腔颌面部脓肿的疗效。方法采用既往常规切开引流的患者作为对照组。治疗组为经面部皮肤用18号硬膜外穿刺针穿刺入脓腔,置入硬膜外导管,在口内做切口旋转引流条,或经颌下作小切口,置入负压引流管,经硬膜外导管滴注抗生素盐水冲洗脓腔,比较两者拔出引流物的时间,并行U检验。结果治疗组与对照组比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论经硬膜外穿刺针置管引流术,具有创伤小、炎症消失快、有效缩短病程、愈后不留瘢痕的特点。     

Lateral position prevents respiratory occlusion during surgical procedure under general anesthesia in the patient of huge anterior mediastinal lymphoblastic lymphoma

Lymphoblastic lymphoma, an aggressive mediastinal mass, is recognized as serious threat to the patient in developing cardiac tamponade or airway obstruction. Surgical procedure is often required to relieve clinical emergency and to establish prompt pathological diagnosis. However, in such a patient, acute respiratory occlusion in the spine position can be a life-threatening complication during general anesthesia. We describe a 17-year-old man whose cardiac tamponade was treated by pericardial-pleural window through a left anterior thoracotomy in the lateral position. The patient recovered from hemodynamic compromise without showing respiratory occlusion during general anesthesia and remained in the lateral position until extubation. Pathological diagnosis was precursor T-lymphoblastic lymphoma. There were no complications attributable to the operative procedure. Further chemotherapy reduced the mediastinal mass in size after two weeks when the patient developed sepsis and died. Lateral position prevents respiratory occlusion during surgical procedure under general anesthesia in the patient of huge anterior mediastinal tumor with airway obstruction.     

上肢手术气囊止血带个体充气压力的研究

目的探讨上肢手术时气囊止血带适宜的个体充气压力。方法对30例健康成年志愿者,按右上臂周径大小分为S组(≤25cm)、M组(26～30cm)和L组(＞30cm),用彩色多普勒超声血流显像仪分别测定肱动脉血流100%和50%阻断时气囊止血带充气压力值。以周径和测定值为依据确定充气压力：周径≤25cm者,充气压力为25 kPa(IkPa=7．5mm Hg),＞25cm者。以肢体周径(cm)作为个体充气压力(kPa)值,最大值≤40kPa。用上述方法应用于上肢手术150例,并观察术中创面止血效果和术后止血带副损伤发生情况。结果30例右侧肱动脉血流100%和50%阻断时气囊止血带充气压力参考值分别为：S组[(19．17±1．95)kPa,(?)±s,下同]和(11．50±1．98)kPa,M组(21．18±2．09)kPa和(13．45±1．86)kPa,L组(27．00±4．12)kPa和(16．43±1．13)kPa,各组阻断压力差异有统计学意义(P＜0．01)。手术应用150例中,上臂周径平均为(28．13±3．53)cm,气囊止血带充气压力平均为(28．19±3．03)kPa。手术应用个体充气压力,止血效果优147例,良3例,术后均无止血带副损伤。结论以上肢缚扎止血带处肢体周径(cm)作为充气压力的参考值(kPa),是上肢手术适宜的个体充气压力。     

高位食管癌切除颈部胃食管重建术的临床应用和初步评价

本文报道了我院自1988年至1994年间采用高位食管癌切除颈部胃食管重建术治疗高位食管癌23例的结果，其中男14例，女9例，年龄35－70岁，平均年龄52岁，病变位于颈段者11例，上胸段者12例。2，3，5年生存率分别为62．5％，55．1％，33．3％。同时介绍了手术要点和该术式的优点，并提出了吻合口瘘的预防措施。     

病毒唑雾化吸入治疗上呼吸道感染临床疗效观察

选择89年2月至90年2月175例上呼吸道感染患儿,分为病毒唑雾化吸入组(61例).病毒唑全身给药组(53例)和对照组(61例).平均退热时间分别为30.01±.11,31.89±9.28,40.57±16.94小时.病毒唑组与对照组有非常显著性差异(p<0.01)但两病毒唑治疗组之间无显著性差异,并发现发病时间在一天内接受治疗者,退热时间明显短于超过一天之病例,且发病两天后治疗者与对照组已无显著差异(p<0.05).病毒唑全身用药组和对照组共有4例发展为支气管炎和肺炎,而雾化吸入组无,说明该治疗方法可以阻止病毒感染蔓延至下呼吸道.     

蛛网膜下腔出血后正常颅压脑积水(附20例分析)

本文分析了20例有明确蛛网膜下腔出血病史的正常颅压脑积水患者的临床表现,其中有智能、步态障碍、尿失禁三联征典型表现者占11例(55％),有其中二个症状者4例。CT是诊断脑积水的首选检查。本文还结合文献对正常颅压脑积水的发生发展,与之有关的因素及临床表现进行讨论。